Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Pozitif Psikoloji Temelli Bir Psiko-Eğitim Programının Ergenlerin Karakter Güçleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 92 - 103, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1411176

Öz

Son yıllarda karakter güçlerinin ve erdemlerin fark edilmesi, güçlendirilmesi ve yaşamın her alanında kullanılmasının sağlanması önemli çalışma alanlarından biri hâline gelmiştir. Yapılan çeşitli araştırmalar çocuklar, ergenler ve yetişkinler üzerindeki olumlu ve geliştirici etkileri göz önüne alındığında, karakter güçlerini geliştirmeye yönelik çalışmalar yapılmasının birey ve toplum ruh sağlığı açısından önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada ergenlere yönelik pozitif psikoloji temelli ve karakter güçlerini geliştirme odaklı bir psiko-eğitim programı hazırlanmış ve ergenlerin karakter güçleri, özsaygı, iyimserlik, şükran düzeylerinin artırılması ve kötümserlik düzeylerinin azaltılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada ön test, son test, izleme testli, kontrol gruplu 2x3’lük split-plot deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya toplamda 32 öğrenci katılmıştır. Deney grubundaki katılımcılara 15 oturumluk pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahale programı uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Karakter Güçleri Envanteri (VIA-IS-P), Pears-Harris Çocuklar İçin Öz Kavramı Ölçeği, İyimserlik-Kötümserlik Ölçeği ve Şükran Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, Mann Whitney-U testi ve Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, psiko-eğitim programının ergenlerin öz saygı, iyimserlik, şükran ve toplam karakter güçleri düzeylerini artırmada ve kötümserlik düzeylerini azaltmada etkili olduğunu; psiko-eğitim programının ergenlerin karakter güçleri, öz saygı, iyimserlik, düzeylerini artırmada ve kötümserlik düzeylerini azaltmada orta, şükran düzeylerini artırmada ise yüksek etki değerine sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ulaşılan bulgular çerçevesinde araştırmacı ve uygulayıcılara öneriler sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Brdar, I., & Kashdan, T. (2010). Character strengths and well-being croatia. Journal of Research in Personality, (44), 151-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.12.001
  • Brdar, I., Anic, P. & Rijavec, M. (2011). Character strengths and well-being: Are there gender differences? In I. Brdar (Ed.), The human pursuit of well-being: A cultural approach. Springer, 145-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1375-8_13
  • Bromley, E., Johnson, J. G., & Cohen, P. (2006). Personality strengths in adolescence and decreased risk of developing mental health problems in early adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47, 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.11.003
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Manuel od data analysis for social sciences. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical psychology review, 30(7), 879-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2014). Dispositional optimism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003
  • Chan, D. W. (2013). Subjectivewell-being of Hong Kong Chinese teachers: The contribution of gratitude, forgiveness, and the orientations to happiness. Teaching and Teacher Education, 32, 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.12.005
  • Compton, W. C., & Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Çalışkan, H. & Uzunkol, E. (2018). Developing an optimism-pessimism scale in adolescents: Validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing, 6(2), 78-95.
  • Emmons, R. A. (2004). Thepsychology of gratitude: An introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Emmons, R.A. (2009). Gratitude. In. (S.J. Lopez. Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. (p. 442-447). Willey-Blackwell.
  • Hofmann, S. G., (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 4(36), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070701421313
  • James, W. (1907). The Energies of Men. The Philosophical Review, 16(1); 1-20.
  • Kabakçı, Ö. F. (2016). Character strengths and virtues: A new approach to strengths-based counseling and values education. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 6(45), 25-40.
  • Kardaş, F. & Yalçın, İ. (2018). Gratitude: A current issue in mental health. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 10(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.334494
  • Kardaş, F., Çam, Z., Eşkisu, M. & Gelibolu, S. (2019). Gratitude, hope, optimism and life satisfaction as predictors of psychological well-being. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 82(5), 81-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.82.5
  • Kardaş, F. & Yalçın, İ. (2019). Validity and reliability study of gratitude scale. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences. 18(69), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.406306
  • Lin, C. C. (2015). Gratitude and depression in young adults: The mediating role of self esteem and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.017
  • Lyubommirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? American Journal of Psychology, 56(3), 239-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.239
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & Dimatteo, M. (2006). What are the differences between happiness and self-esteem? Social Indicators Research, 78, 363–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-0213-y
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting life you want. New York: The Penguin Press.
  • Modini, M., Abbott, M. J., & Hunt, C. A. (2015). A systematic review of the psychometric properties of trait social anxiety self-report measures. Journal of Psychopathology, 37(4), 645-662. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10862-016-9573-7
  • Park, N., Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well– being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 603-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). The values in action inventory of character strengths for youth. In K. A. Moore ve L. H. Lippman (Eds.), What do children need to flourish: Conceptualizing and measuring indicators of positive development (pp. 13–23). New York: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23823-9_2
  • Park, N. & Peterson, C. (2008). The cultivation of character strengths. In M. Ferrari & G. Potworowski (Eds.), Teaching for wisdom. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10(4), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1042
  • Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strength sand virtues: A hand book and classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Proctor, C., Maltby, J., & Linley, P. A. (2011). Strengths use as a predictor of well-being and health-related quality of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 153-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9181-2
  • Robustelli, B. L., & Whisman, M. A. (2018). Gratitude and life satisfaction in the United States and Japan. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 19(1), 41–55. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10902-016-9802-5
  • Rosenberg, M. (1986). Conceiving the self. New York; Basic Books.
  • Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.4.3.219
  • Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C. R. Snyder& S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 3–9). Oxford University Press.
  • Seligman, M. Steen, E., Tracy A., Park, N. & Peterson, C., (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
  • Seligman, M. (2021). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment, (S. Kunt-Akbaş, Tr.) İstanbul: Eksi Kitaplar Bookstore.
  • Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2016). The resilience function of character strengths in the face of war and protracted conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02006
  • Tagay, Ö. & Şahin- Baltacı, H. (2017). Subjective well-being and time attitude among adolescents: Mediatory role of self-esteem and optimism. PAU Faculty of Educational Journal, (41), 131-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.9779/PUJE811
  • Ulusoy, M.A. (2020). The effectiveness of positive psychology-based group counseling on lie-telling tendency and self-respect of 7th grade students. (Thesis Number:633894) [Doctoral Thesis, Marmara University-İstanbul] Higher Education Council National Thesis Center.
  • Wedding, D., & Niemiec, R. M. (2018). Positive psychology at the movies: Using films to build virtues and character strengths, (G. Kafa, Tr.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Publication.

Examining the Effectiveness of a Positive Psychology-Based Psychoeducation Program on Adolescents' Character Strengths

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 92 - 103, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1411176

Öz

In recent years, recognizing character strengths and virtues, strengthening them, and ensuring their use in all areas of life has become one of the important areas of study. Considering the positive and developmental effects of various studies on children, adolescents, and adults, it appears that conducting studies to develop character strengths is important for individual and community mental health. This study was aimed to increase the character strengths, self-esteem, optimism, gratitude levels and reduce the pessimism levels of adolescents. A 2x3 split-plot experimental design with pre-test, post-test, follow-up test and control group were used in the study. A total of 32 students participated in the research. A 15-session intervention program based on positive psychology was applied to the participants in the experimental group. Character Strengths Inventory (VIA-IS-P), Pears-Harris Self-Concept Scale for Children, Optimism-Pessimism Scale and Gratitude Scale were used to collect data in the study. Research revealed that the positive psychology-based psychoeducation program applied was effective in increasing adolescents' self-esteem, optimism, gratitude, and total character strength levels and reducing their pessimism levels; the applied psycho-education program has a medium effect value in increasing adolescents' character strengths, self-esteem and optimism levels and decreasing their pessimism levels, and a high effect value in increasing their gratitude levels.

Kaynakça

  • Brdar, I., & Kashdan, T. (2010). Character strengths and well-being croatia. Journal of Research in Personality, (44), 151-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.12.001
  • Brdar, I., Anic, P. & Rijavec, M. (2011). Character strengths and well-being: Are there gender differences? In I. Brdar (Ed.), The human pursuit of well-being: A cultural approach. Springer, 145-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1375-8_13
  • Bromley, E., Johnson, J. G., & Cohen, P. (2006). Personality strengths in adolescence and decreased risk of developing mental health problems in early adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47, 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.11.003
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Manuel od data analysis for social sciences. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical psychology review, 30(7), 879-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2014). Dispositional optimism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003
  • Chan, D. W. (2013). Subjectivewell-being of Hong Kong Chinese teachers: The contribution of gratitude, forgiveness, and the orientations to happiness. Teaching and Teacher Education, 32, 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.12.005
  • Compton, W. C., & Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Çalışkan, H. & Uzunkol, E. (2018). Developing an optimism-pessimism scale in adolescents: Validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing, 6(2), 78-95.
  • Emmons, R. A. (2004). Thepsychology of gratitude: An introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Emmons, R.A. (2009). Gratitude. In. (S.J. Lopez. Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. (p. 442-447). Willey-Blackwell.
  • Hofmann, S. G., (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 4(36), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070701421313
  • James, W. (1907). The Energies of Men. The Philosophical Review, 16(1); 1-20.
  • Kabakçı, Ö. F. (2016). Character strengths and virtues: A new approach to strengths-based counseling and values education. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 6(45), 25-40.
  • Kardaş, F. & Yalçın, İ. (2018). Gratitude: A current issue in mental health. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 10(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.334494
  • Kardaş, F., Çam, Z., Eşkisu, M. & Gelibolu, S. (2019). Gratitude, hope, optimism and life satisfaction as predictors of psychological well-being. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 82(5), 81-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.82.5
  • Kardaş, F. & Yalçın, İ. (2019). Validity and reliability study of gratitude scale. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences. 18(69), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.406306
  • Lin, C. C. (2015). Gratitude and depression in young adults: The mediating role of self esteem and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.017
  • Lyubommirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? American Journal of Psychology, 56(3), 239-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.239
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & Dimatteo, M. (2006). What are the differences between happiness and self-esteem? Social Indicators Research, 78, 363–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-0213-y
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting life you want. New York: The Penguin Press.
  • Modini, M., Abbott, M. J., & Hunt, C. A. (2015). A systematic review of the psychometric properties of trait social anxiety self-report measures. Journal of Psychopathology, 37(4), 645-662. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10862-016-9573-7
  • Park, N., Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well– being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 603-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). The values in action inventory of character strengths for youth. In K. A. Moore ve L. H. Lippman (Eds.), What do children need to flourish: Conceptualizing and measuring indicators of positive development (pp. 13–23). New York: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23823-9_2
  • Park, N. & Peterson, C. (2008). The cultivation of character strengths. In M. Ferrari & G. Potworowski (Eds.), Teaching for wisdom. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10(4), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1042
  • Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strength sand virtues: A hand book and classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Proctor, C., Maltby, J., & Linley, P. A. (2011). Strengths use as a predictor of well-being and health-related quality of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 153-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9181-2
  • Robustelli, B. L., & Whisman, M. A. (2018). Gratitude and life satisfaction in the United States and Japan. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 19(1), 41–55. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10902-016-9802-5
  • Rosenberg, M. (1986). Conceiving the self. New York; Basic Books.
  • Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.4.3.219
  • Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C. R. Snyder& S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 3–9). Oxford University Press.
  • Seligman, M. Steen, E., Tracy A., Park, N. & Peterson, C., (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
  • Seligman, M. (2021). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment, (S. Kunt-Akbaş, Tr.) İstanbul: Eksi Kitaplar Bookstore.
  • Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2016). The resilience function of character strengths in the face of war and protracted conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02006
  • Tagay, Ö. & Şahin- Baltacı, H. (2017). Subjective well-being and time attitude among adolescents: Mediatory role of self-esteem and optimism. PAU Faculty of Educational Journal, (41), 131-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.9779/PUJE811
  • Ulusoy, M.A. (2020). The effectiveness of positive psychology-based group counseling on lie-telling tendency and self-respect of 7th grade students. (Thesis Number:633894) [Doctoral Thesis, Marmara University-İstanbul] Higher Education Council National Thesis Center.
  • Wedding, D., & Niemiec, R. M. (2018). Positive psychology at the movies: Using films to build virtues and character strengths, (G. Kafa, Tr.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Publication.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)
Bölüm Erken Görünüm
Yazarlar

İrem Yıldırım 0009-0002-5961-6291

Ferhat Kardaş 0000-0003-3386-3956

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 3 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, İ., & Kardaş, F. (2024). Examining the Effectiveness of a Positive Psychology-Based Psychoeducation Program on Adolescents’ Character Strengths. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 92-103. https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1411176