Determination of University Students’ Solutions to Climate Change through PESTEL Analysis in The Sample of Ataturk University

Öz

Climate change is an important problem for the world since it causes serious impacts on humans. Action to take measures is to raise awareness among people using innovative methods. PESTEL is an effective environmental analysis method used in planning for businesses. Present study uses this analysis to determine youth’s opinions about the solutions to the problems caused by climate change. The study adopts three – staged application including one conference, training and workshop using PESTEL analysis over 60 university students from the academic departments related to the factors of PESTEL. As the result of the study, students’ views on the solution of climate change are categorised into six factor categories, political, urban issues, agricultural problems, energy, economic matters and education. Results also show that the students find political factors, education and urbanisation as the most important three keywords which can solve climate change problem and where measures should be taken.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate change
• PESTEL
• university youth
• awareness

Destekleyen Kurum

AB

Proje Numarası

IPA 2017/ 394-372

Kaynakça

1. Aguilar, F. J. 1967. Scanning the Business Environment, Macmillan, New York, NY.
2. Anderson A., 2012. Climate Change Education for Mitigation and Adaptation. UNESCO Special Section on the ESD Response to the Three Rio Conventions. Vol 6(2): 191–206 10.1177/0973408212475199.
3. Ardoin, N. M., Bowers,A. W., Gaillard,E. 2020. Environmental education outcomes for conservation: A systematic review. Biological Conservation Volume 241, 108224.
4. Azeiteiro, U. M., Bacelar-Nicolau, P., Caetano, F. J. P., Caeiro, S., 2015. Education for sustainable development through e-learning in higher education: experiences from Portugal. J. Clean. Prod. 106, 308e319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2014.11.056.
5. Başoğlu, B., 2014. Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Ekonomik Etkileri. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi.
6. Bakoğlu R., Yıldız, M. L. 2017. Üniversitelerde Strateji Geliştirme Sürecinde Uygulamalı Durum Analizleri. Beta Publishing 144 pages.
7. Candamio, L, V., Corti, I, N., Alvarez, M.T.G. 2018. The importance of environmental education in the determinants of green behavior: A meta-analysis approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 170, 1565e1578.
8. Dare, C. 2006. The UK tour-operating industry: A competitive analysis. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 6(4), 357-367.

9. Demirbilek, M. 2016. “Çevre, Çevre Mültecileri ve Çevreci Sosyal Hizmet”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, Vol.2, No.3, ss.905 91.
10. Erdal, H., Erdal, G., Yücel, M. 2013. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Çevre Bilinç Düzeyi Araştırması: Gazi Osman Paşa Üniversitesi Örneği, Gazi Osman Paşa Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 4, 57-65.
11. Ediger, V. Ş. 2008. Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Uluslararası İlişkiler Boyutu ve Türkiye’nin Politikaları. Mülkiye Cilt:XXXII Sayı259.
12. Ekşi, N. (2016), “İklim Mültecileri”, Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, C.2, S.2, ss.10-58.
13. European Commission 2000. Summary Record of Meeting: ECCP Working Group 1 https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/default/files/eccp/first/docs/wg1_minutes_en.pdf.
14. Fankhauser, S., Tol, R. S. J. 2005. “On Climate Change and Economic Growth.” Resource and Energy Economics 27: 1–17.
15. Guerra, J. B. S. O. A., Garcia, J, S, B., Heerdt, M., Berchin,I, I. A. 2018. proposal of a Balanced Scorecard for an environmental education program at universities. Journal of Cleaner Production Volume 172, Pages 1674-1690.
16. Gaziulusoy, A. I., Boyle, C., 2013. Proposing a heuristic reflective tool for reviewing literature in transdisciplinary research for sustainability. J. Clean. Prod. 48, 139e147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.04.013.
17. Grace, M. M., & Ratcliffe, M. 2002. The science and values that young people draw upon to make decision about biological conservation issues. International Journal of Science Education, 24(11), 1157–1169.
18. Grady-Benson, J., & Sarathy, B. 2015. Fossil fuel divestment in US higher education: student-led organising for climate justice. Local Environment, 21(6), 661-681.
19. Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., Linden, P.J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., Johnson, C.A. 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
20. IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 7-22.
21. IPCC 2001. Summary For Policymakers Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, And Vulnerability Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change https://unfccc.int/files/press/backgrounders/application/pdf/press_factsh_science.pdf.
22. Katko, T. S. 2006. Road Safety Fatalities, Management, and Policy in Finland, 1970-2003. Public Works Management &
23. Policy, 11(2), 126-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724X06294066. Li, M., Wang, Q., 2017. Will technology advances alleviate climate change? Dual effects of technology change on aggregate carbon dioxide emissions. Energy Sustain. Dev. 41, 61–68.
24. Lambrechts, W., Mula, I., Ceulemans, K., Molderez, I., Gaeremynck, V., 2013. The integration of competences for sustainable development in higher education: an analysis of bachelor programs in management. J. Clean. Prod. 48, 65e73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.12.034 (Accessed 23 February 2016).
25. Lozano, R., Lukman, R., Lozano, F.J., Huisingh, D., Lambrechts, W., 2013b. Declarations for sustainability in higher education: becoming better leaders, throug addressing the university system. J. Clean. Prod. 48, 10e19. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.10.006.
26. Meyer, A., 2015. Does education increase pro-environmental behavior? Evidence from Europe. Ecol. Econ. 116, 108e121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ecolecon.2015.04.018.
27. Monroe, M.C., Krasny M.E. 2016. Across the Spectrum: Resources for Environmental Education (3rd ed.), North American Association for Environmental Education, Washington, DC.
28. Monroe, M.C., Plate, R.R., Oxarart, A., Bowers, A., Chaves, W.A., 2017. Identifying ef-fective climate change education strategies: a systematic review of the research.Environ. Educ. Res. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2017.1360842.
29. Neubauer, J., Wood, E. 2014. Thru-life impacts of driver aggression, climate, cabin thermal management, and battery thermal management on battery electric vehicle utility. Journal of Power Sources Volume 259, 1 August 2014, Pages 262-275.
30. Ofstad, S.P., Tobolova, M., Nayum, A., Klockner, C.A., 2017. Understanding the € mechanisms behind changing People's recycling behavior at work by applying a comprehensive action determination model. Sustainab. 9 (2), 204.
31. Oktay, N. 2006. PEST Analizi. Türkiye Sanayi Sevk ve İdare Enstitüsü, Haziran, tepav.org.tr
32. Ovacık, G. Küresel İklim Değişikliği Yükümlülükleri Hakkında Oslo İlkeleri ve İklim Mücadelesinde Uluslararası ve Yabancı Mahkeme Kararları. Ekoloji Kolektifi Derneği Basım Tarihi: Ocak, 2017, 1. Baskı Editör: ISBN: 978-605-83799-9-2.
33. Richards, J.V. 2006. Education for Librarianship ¡n the Russian Far East: An Update on the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Services. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, Vol. 47, No. 2.
34. Shilei, Lv., Yong,Wu. 2009. Target-oriented obstacle analysis by PESTEL modeling of energy efficiency retrofit for existing residential buildings in China's northern heating region. Energy Policy Volume 37, Issue 6, June 2009, Pages 2098-2101.
35. Smith, D., Vivekananda, J. 2007. “A Climate of Conflict: The Link between Climate Change, Peace and War”, International Alert, November.
36. Su, H.N., Moaniba, I.M., 2017. Does innovation respond to climate change? Empirical evidence from patents and greenhouse gas emissions. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 122, 49–62
37. Toomey, A.H., Knight, A.T., Barlow, J., 2017. Navigating the space between research andimplementation in conservation. Conserv. Lett. 10, 619–625.
38. TURKSTAT 2021. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayal%C4%B1-N%C3%BCfus-Kay%C4%B1t-Sistemi-Sonu%C3%A7lar%C4%B1-2020-37210&dil=1.
39. Waheed, B., Khan, F., Veitch, B., Hawboldt, K. (2011b). “Uncertainty-based quantitative assessment of sustainability for higher education institutions”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 19 No. 7, pp. 720-32.
40. Wals, A.E.J., 2014. Sustainability in higher education in the context of the UN DESD: a review of learning and institutionalization processes. J. Clean. Prod. 62, 8e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.007.
41. Wu, S.-I., Chen, J.-Y., 2014. A model of green consumption behavior constructed by the theory of planned behavior. Int. J. Mark. Stud. 6 (5), 119e132.
42. Yildiz ND., Yilmaz H., Demir M., Toy S. 2011. Effects of personal characteristics on environmental awareness; a questionnaire survey with university campus people in a developing country, Turkey. Scientific Research and Essays 6 (2): 332 – 340.
43. Yüksel İ. 2012. Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL AnalysisDemirtaş, I.2013. Enerji Teknolojileri Ar-Ge Politikaları: Oecd Ülke Deneyimleri Ve Türkiye Karşılaştırması. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi / 2013 Cilt: VIII Sayı: II.
44. Zsoka, A., Sezerenyi, Z. M. Szechy, A., Kocsis, T., 2013. Greening due to environmental education? Environmental knowledge, attitudes, consumer behavior and everyday pro-environmental activities of Hungarian high school and university students. Journal of Cleaner Production. Volume 48, June 2013, Pages 126-138.