Katil Mayalar ve Williopsis spp.’nin Bozucu Mikroorganizmalar Üzerindeki Etkisi, Katil Toksinlerin Kullanım Olanakları

Yıl 2019, , 170 - 184, 24.03.2019

Mehmet Yüksel , Arzu Kavaz Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.434209

Öz

Bazı maya türleri, bulundukları ortama protein yapısında olan ve diğer mikroorganizmalar üzerinde öldürücü etki gösteren toksinler salgılarlar. Bu mayaların ürettiği toksinler, aynı türün suşlarına veya yakın ilişkili türlere karşı inhibisyon aktivitesi gösteren protein yapısındaki bileşiklerdir; ancak diğer mikroorganizmalara ve insan hücrelerine karşı herhangi bir olumsuz etkileri yoktur. Bugüne kadar öldürücü toksin üreten maya türleri, genel olarak çok çeşitli maya grupları içinde tanımlanmıştır. İlk olarak katil toksin özelliğinin Saccharomyces cerevisiae suşlarında belirlenmesinin ardından, bu özellik Debaryomyces, Hanseniaspora, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Schwanniomyces and Williopsis cinslerinin de içinde bulunduğu 90'dan fazla maya türü için tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar içinde Williopsis’in tür ve suşları en iyi bilinen katil toksin üreticileridir. Katil mayaların gıda sektöründe kullanılması birçok araştırmaya konu olmuştur ve elde edilen sonuçlar ile katil mayaların biyoteknoloji, biyomedikal ve fermentasyon uygulamalarında biyokoruyucu olarak kullanımının uygun olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu derleme çalışmasında bazı katil mayalar ve ürettikleri toksinlerin bozucu mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki etkisi ve kullanım olanakları hakkında bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mayalar, Biyokoruma, Williopsis, katil toksin, bozucu mikroorganizmalar

Kaynakça

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