Karabuğday Bitkisinin (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) Bazı Ekofizyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Kadmiyum ve Nikel’in Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 1356 - 1369, 31.12.2019

Sema Leblebici

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.521581

Öz

Karabuğday bitkisi (Fagopyrum esculentum
Moench.) Polygonaceae (Kuzukulağıgiller) familyasından Fagopyrum cinsine
ait tek yıllık otsu bir bitki türüdür. 
Karabuğday tuzluluk, sıcaklık değişimi gibi abiyotik faktörde meydana
gelen değişimlere dayanıklı bir türdür. Abiyotik faktörlerden en önemlilerinden
biri ise ortamda ağır metallerin varlığıdır. Bu çalışmada Cd ve Ni metallerinin
karabuğday bitkisinin tohum çimlenme oranı, kök uzunluğu, kök ve gövde
taze-kuru ağırlığı, kök ve gövde biyokütlesi ve Cd ve Ni tolerans indeksine
etkisi araştırılmıştır. Farklı konsantrasyonlarda uygulanan Cd ve Ni kontrol
grubu ile karşılaştırılarak elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Elde
edilen sonuçlara göre çimlenme oranı azalmış ancak önemli bir azalma
görülmemiştir. Cd ve Ni uygulanan örneklerde konsantrasyon artışına bağlı
olarak kök uzunluğu, kök ve gövde taze-kuru ağırlığı ve biyokütle miktarında
azalma olduğu tespit edildi. Karabuğday bitkisinin incelenen ekofizyolojik
parametrelerinde Cd’un Ni metaline göre daha etkili olduğu belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karabuğday, Abiyotik Stres, Ağır Metal, Çimlenme, Fide gelişimi

The Effect of Cadmium and Nickel on Some Ecophysiological Characteristics of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)

Öz

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) is an
annual herbaceous plant species belonging to the genus Fagopyrum from
the Polygonaceae family. Buckwheat is resistant to changes in abiotic factor
such as salinity, temperature change. One of the most important abiotic factors
is the presence of heavy metals in the environment. In this study the effect of
Cd and Ni metals on seed germination rate, root length, root and stem fresh-dry
weight, root and stem biomass and Cd and Ni tolerance index of buckwheat plant
were investigated. Different concentrations of Cd and Ni samples were compared
with the control group. According to the results, seed germination rate
decreased but there was not much decrease. In the Cd and Ni applied samples, it
was determined that as the concentration increased, the root length, root and
stem fresh-dry weight and the amount of biomass decreased. It was determined
that Cd was more effective than Ni metal in the ecophysiological parameters
examined of buckwheat plant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Buckwheat, abiotic stress

Kaynakça

• Acar, R. 2009. “Karabuğday (Köşeli Buğday)’ın Tarımı”, Konya Ticaret Borsası Dergisi, 11(31) 30-37.
• Acar, R., Güneş, A., Gummadov, N., Topal, İ. 2011. “Farklı Bitki Sıklıklarının Karabuğdayda (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Verim ve Bazı Verim Unsurlarına Etkisi”, Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3): 47-51.
• Ahmad, I., Akhtar, MJ., Zahir, ZA., Jamil, A. 2012. “Effect of Cadmium on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Wheat (Triticum aestıvum L.) Cultivars”, Pak. J. Bot., 44(5): 1569-1574.
• Alves, Jc., Souza, AP., Porto, MLA., Fontes, RLF., Arruda, J., Marques, LF. 2016. “Potential of Sunflower, Castor Bean, Common Buckwheat and Vetiver as Lead Phytoaccumulators”, Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 20(3):243-249.
• Ashagre, H., Ibrahim, A., Hamza, T. 2014. “Urgecha Fita and Worku Nedesa, Influence of Boron on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Afr. J. Plant Sci., 8(2):133-139.
• Ashraf, MY., Sadiq, R., Hussain, M., Ashraf, M., Ahmad, MSA., 2011. “Toxic Effect of Nickel (Ni) on Growth and Metabolism in Germinating Seeds of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”, Biol. Trace. Elem. Res.,143:1695-1703.
• Benavides, MP., Gallego, SM., Tomaro, ML. 2005. “Cadmium Toxicity in Plants”, Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 17(1): 21-34.
• Bjorkman, T. 2010. “Buckwheat Production: Harvesting.” Cornell University Cooperative Extension Agronomy Fact Sheet Series: Fact Sheet 51, Ithaca, NY.
• Böhm, W. 1979.” Methods of Studying Root Systems”, Agricultural Systems, 6(3): 247-248.
• Caliseki, M., Isik, G., Leblebici, S. 2016. “Determination the Effects of The Porsuk River's Water on Seedling Development of Cucumıs satıvus (L.) Seeds”, Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C- Life Science and Biotechnology, 4(2):77-80.
• Casarett, LJ., Klaassen, CD. 2008. “Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons”, McGraw-Hill Medical, New York, 1309.
• Chaoui, A., Mazhouidi, S., Ghorbal, M.H.,El Ferjani E., 1997. Cadmium and Zinc Induction of Lipid Peroxidation and Effects on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Sci., 127, 139-47.
• Christa, K., Smietana, M. 2008. “Buckwheat Grains and Buckwheat Products – Nutritional and Prophylactic Value of Their Components – A Review”, Czech Journal Food Science, Vol. 26: 153– 162.
• Dizlek, H., Özer, M.S., İnanç, E., Gül, H. 2009. “Karabuğday’ın (Fagopyrumes culentum Moench) Bileşimi ve Gıda Sanayiinde Kullanım Olanakları”, Gıda (2009) 34 (5): 317-324.
• Ebru, OG. 2014. “Nickel and Cobalt Effects on Mize Germination”, 2nd International Conference on Agriculture and Biotechnology, IPCBEE, 79:62-65.
• Erbaş M., Gül, S., Şekerci, H. 2008. “Fonksiyonel Gıda Bileşeni Olarak Diyetsel Antioksidanlar”, Türkiye 10. Gıda Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, Erzurum, 1053- 1056.
• Eren, A., Mert, M. 2017. “Ağır Metal (Ni, Cd ve Cu) Uygulamalarının Andız Otu, Fener Otu ve Sığır kuyruğu Bitkilerinin Büyüme ve Gelişmesi Üzerine Etkisi”, Turk. J. Agric. Res., 4(1): 50-58.
• Finch-Savage, WE., Leubner-Metzger, G. 2006. “Seed Dormancy and the Control of Germination,” New Phytology, 171(3): 501-523.
• Franzaring, J., Damsohn, W., Fangmeier, A., Schlosser, S., Kurz, H., Büttner, P. 2018. “Phytotoxicity of Tin Mine Waste and Accumulation of Involved Heavy Metals in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)”, Internatıonal Journal of Phytoremediation, 20(5): 462–470.
• Gratao, LP., Polle, A., Lea, P., Azevedo, A. 2005. “Making the Life of Heavy Metalstressed Plants a Little Easier”, Functional Plant Biology, 32, 481-494.
• Guan, Z., Chai, T., Zhang, Y., Xu, J., Wei, W. 2009. “Enhancement of Cd Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing a Cd-Induced Catalase cDNA”, Chemosphere, 76 (5): 623–630.
• Güneş, A., Topal, İ., Koç, H., Akçacık, AG., Bayrak, H., Özcan, G., Taş, MN., Acar, R. 2012. “Farklı Ekim Zamanlarının Karabuğday’da (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) Verim ve Bazı Verim Unsurlarına Etkisi”, Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Sempozyum Kitabı, Tokat, 10-14.
• Guo, B., Liang, Y., Zhu, Y. 2009. “Does salicylic Acid Regulate Antioxidant Defense Systems, Cell Death, Cadmium Uptake and Partitioning To Acquire Cadmium Tolerance In Rice?”, J. Plant Physiol., 166: 20-31.
• Guo, Y., Chen, F., Yang, LY., Huang, Y. 2007. “Analyses of Theseed Protein Contents on the Cultivated and Wild Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Resources”, Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol., 54: 1465–1472.
• Gür, N., Topdemir, A., Munzuroğlu, Ö., Çobanoğlu, D. 2004. “Ağır Metal İyonlarının (Cu+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cd+2) Clivia sp. Bitkisi Polenlerinin Çimlenmesi ve Tüp Büyümesi Üzerine Etkileri”, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen ve Matematik Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 177-182.
• Haktanır, K., Arcak, S. 1998. “Çevre Kirliliği”, Ankara Üni. Ziraat Fak. Toprak Bölümü, Ankara Üni. Yayınları, Yayın No: 1503, Ders Kitabı, Ankara, 357-375.
• He, J., Ren, Y., Zhu, C.i Jiang, D. 2008. “Effects of Cadmium Stress on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Seed Amylase Activities in Rice (Oryza sativa)”, Rice Science, 15(4):319-325.
• Hirayama, T., Shinozaki, K. 2010. “Research on Plant Abiotic Stress Responses in The Post-Genome Era: Past, Present and Future”, The Plant Journal, 61:1041-1052.
• Jabeen, N., Ahmad, R. 2012. “Improvement in Growth and Leaf Water Relation Parameters of Sunflower and Safflower Plants With Foliar Application of Nutrient Solutions Under Salt Stress”, Pak. J. Bot., 44(4):1341-1345.
• Jamil, M., Deog, BL., Kwang, YJ., Ashraf, M., Sheong, CL., Eui, SR. 2006. “Effect of Salt (NaCl) Stress on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Four Vegetables Species”, Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7(2): 273-282.
• Kacar, B., Katkat, V. 2010. “Bitki Besleme”, 5. Baskı, Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara, 22-27.
• Kan, A. 2014. “A New Plant for Turkey; Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)”, Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7(2), 154-158.
• Kantarcı, MD. 2000. “Toprak İlmi”, İÜ Toprak İlmi ve Ekoloji Anabilim Dalı, İÜ Yayınları, No. 4261, İstanbul, 142-155.
• Kayacetin, F., Efeoğlu, B., Alizadeh, B. 2018. “Effect of NaCl and PEG-Induced Osmotic Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth Properties in Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.)”, Anadolu J. of AARI, 28(1): 62-68.
• Kranner,I., Colville, L. 2011. “Metals and Seeds: Biochemical and Molecular Implications and Their Significance for Seed Germination”, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 72(1):93-105.
• Laghmouchi Y., Belmehdi O., Bouyahya A., Senhaji NS., Abrini J. 2017. “Effect of Temperature, Salt Stress and pH on Seed Germination of Medicinal Plant Origanum compactum”, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 10:156-160.
• Li, SQ., Zhang, QH. 2001. “Advances in the Development of Functional Foods from Buckwheat”, Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr., 41: 451-464.
• Liu, B., Zhang, K., Nie, H., Zhai, S. 2009. “Effect of Copper on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench”, Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2009-09.
• Liu, S., Yang, C., Xie, W., Xia, C., Fan, P. 2012. “The Effects of Cadmium on Germination and Seedling Growth of Suaeda salsa”, Procedia Environmental Sciences 16: 293-298.
• Liu, Y., Yu, L., Chen, Y., Liu, X., Wu, L., Huang, J., He, S. 2006. “Lead tolerance of different Fagopyrum esculentum cultivars”, Chinese Journal of Ecology, 25(11):1344-1347.
• Madhava, RKV., Sresty, TVS. 2000. “Antioxidative Parameters in The Seedlings Of Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan L. Millspaugh) in Response to Zn and Ni Stresses”, Plant Sci. 157, 113–28.
• Marschner, H. 1995. “Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants”, Academic Press, London.
• Memon, SQ., Mirjat, MS., Mughal, AQ., Amjad, N. 2013. “Effect of Conventional and Non-Conventional Tillage Practices on Maize Production”, Pak. J. Agri., Agril. Engg., Vet. Sci., 29(2):155-163.
• Mirshekari, B. 2012. “Seed Priming With Iron and Boron Enhances Germination and Yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens)”, Turk J. Agric. For., 36:27-33.
• Mishra, D., Kar, M. 1974. “Nickel in Plant Growth and Metabolism”, Botanical Review, 40:395-452.
• Munzuroğlu, Ö., Geçkil, H. 2002. “Effects of Metals on Seed Germination, Root Elongation, and Coleoptile and Hypocotyl Growth in Triticum aestivum and Cucumis sativus”, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 43(2): 203-217.
• Nasr, N. 2013. “Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) Seeds in Toxicity of Aluminum and Nickel”, Merit Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology, 1(5):110-113.
• Park, C., Heo, K., Choi, S., Lee, K. 1997. “Growth Analysis of Buckwheat Influenced by Seeding Time and Planting Density”, J. In tl. Agri., 11(2):216-221.
• Peng, L., Wang, S., Zou, L., Zhao, J., Zhao, G. 2012. “HPLC Fingerprint of Buckwheat from Different Habitats and Varieties”, Phcog. Journal., Vol. 31: 5-10.
• Rajbhandari, P. 2004. “Eco-physiological Aspects of Common Buckwheat”, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Buckwheat. 101-108. 2004, Prague.
• Sandalio, LM., Dalurzo, HC., Gomez, M., Romero-Puertas, MC., del Rio, LA. 2001. “Cadmium Induced Changes in The Growth And Oxidative Metabolism of Peaplants”, Journal of Experimental Botany, 52: 2115-2126.
• Shaikh, IRS., Rafique, AS., Shaikh, AA. 2013. “Phytotoxic Effects of Heavy Metals Parveen Rajjak (Cr, Cd, Mn and Zn) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth in Black Cotton Soil of Nanded. India”, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3 (6): 14-23.
• Skrabanja V., Elmstahl, H., Kreft, I., Bjorck, I. 2001. “Nutritional Properties of Starch in Buckwheat Products Studies in Vitro and in Vivo”, J. Agr. Food. Chem., 49:490-496.
• Sooyeon, L., Hyein, C., Saeyeon, K., Insook, L. 2013a. “The Genotoxic Effect of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles on Early Growth of Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum”, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 224:1668.
• Sooyeon, L., Sunghyun, K., Saeyeon, K., Insook, L. 2013b. “Assessment of phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on a medicinal plant, Fagopyrum esculentum”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(2): 848–854.
• Soudek, P., Katrusakova, A., Sedlacek, L., Petrova, S., Koci, V., Marsik, P., Griga, M., Vanek, T. 2010. “Effect of Heavy Metals on Inhibition of Root Elongation in 23 Cultivars of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”, Arch Environ Contam Toxicol., 59(2):194-203.
• Süzer, S. 2007. “Karabuğday Tarımı ve Çölyak Hastalarının Beslenmesindeki Önemi”, http://www.tarimmerkezi.com/yazar
• Sytar, O., Cai, Z., Brestic, M., Kumar, A., Prasad, MNV., Taran, N., Smetanska, I. 2003. “Foliar Applied Nickel on Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) Induced Phenolic Compounds as Potential Antioxidants”, Clean - Soil, Air, Water, 41(11):1129–1137.
• Tamura, H., Honda, M., Sato, T., Kamachi, H. 2005. “Pb Hyperaccumulation and Tolerance in Common Buckwheat”, J. Plant Res., 118:355–359.
• Toppi, LSD., Gabrielli, R. 1999. “Response to Cadmium in Higher Plants”, Environ. Exp. Bot., 41: 105-30.
• Tran, TA., Popova, LP. 2013. “Functions and Toxicity of Cadmium in Plants: Recent Advances and Future Prospects”, Turk. J. Bot., 37: 1-13.
• Tziourtzioumis, D., Demetriades, L., Zogou, O. and Stamatelos, AM. 2009. “Experimental İnvestigation of The Effect of a B70 Biodiesel Blend On A Common-Rail Passenger Car Diesel Engine”, Automobile Engineering, 223: 685-701.
• Vitoria, AP., Lea, PJ., Azevedo, RA. 2001. “Antioxidant Enzymes Responses to Cadmium in Radish Tissues”, Phytochemistry, (57), 701-710.
• Waisberg, M., Joseph, P., Hale, B., Beyersmann, D. 2003. “Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Cadmium Carcinogenesis”, Toxicology, 192: 95-117.
• Wang, CX., Mo, Z., Wang, H., Wang, JZ., Cao, ZH. 2003. “The Transportation, Time-Dependent Distribution of Heavy Metals in Paddy Crops”, Chemosphere, 50: 717-723.
• Watanabe, M., Ohshita, Y., Tsushida, T. 1997. “Antioxidant Compounds from Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Hulls”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45, 1039-1044.
• Yavuz, H. 2014. “Aydın Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Ekim Sıklığının Karabuğday’da (Fagopyrum esculentum moench.) Verim ve Bazı Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın, 7-16.