Investigation of Microstructure and Wear Behaviors of AZ91 Alloy Under Different Heat Treatments

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 516 - 527, 31.08.2023

Gökçen Akgün , Dinçer Buran , Mehmet Fahri Saraç

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1254273

Öz

This article aims to experimentally investigate the effect of heat treatment applied to AZ91 magnesium alloys on wear behavior under different applied load conditions. Apart from as-cast AZ91 alloy, AZ91 alloy samples were subjected to both solid-solution treatment (400°C for 16 hours) and three different aging processes (216°C for 4, 8 and, 12 hours) under three different applied loads (10 N, 25 N and, 50 N). Microstructural, characteristic, hardness, friction coefficient, and wear rate behavior under various applied loads were investigated against each other.

The results showed that the wear rate increased in all samples with the applied load, while the friction coefficient decreased. While the highest wear rate was observed only in the solid-solution treated sample, it was observed that the wear rate changed inversely with the aging time. Furthermore, the micro-hardness increased in direct proportion with the aging time. While it was observed that the sample, which was aged for 12 hours, wore 13.6% less under 10 N load than the sample that was only treated with solid-solution, the results showed that the same sample wore about 25% less under 50 N load. The increase in β-precipitates in the structure with the aging period increased the micro-hardness, while the increase in hardness decreased the wear.

Anahtar Kelimeler

AZ91, microstructure, wear behaviour, hardness, friction coefficient

Kaynakça

• Li, J., Jiang, Q., Sun, H., and Li, Y. (2016) Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of AZ63 magnesium alloy in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution, Corrosion Science, 111, 288-301.
• Zhou, W., Shen, T., and Aung, N.N. (2010) Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy AZ91D in simulated body fluid, Corrosion Science, 52(3), 1035-1041.
• Amini, K., Akhbarizadeh, A., and Javadpour, S. (2014) Investigating the effect of quench environment and deep cryogenic treatment on the wear behavior of AZ91, Materials and Design, 54, 154-160.
• Gassama, B., Ozden, G., Oteyaka, M.O. (2022) The effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the wear properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy in dry and in 0.9 wt% NaCl medium, Sādhanā, 47(15), 1-13.
• Hassani, B., Karimzadeh, F., Enayati, M.H., Mutschlechner, F., Vallant, R., and Hassani, K. (2018) The effects of friction stir processing on the wear behavior of cast AZ91C magnesium alloy, International Journal of Materials Research, 109(3), 241-249.
• Han, C. (2020) Research on the Development and Application of Lightweight Automotive Materials, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1676, 012085.
• Sandlöbesi S., Friak, M, Korte-Kerzel, S., Pei, Z Neıgebauer, J., and Raabe, D. (2017) A rare-earth free magnesium alloy with improved intrinsic ductility, Scientific Reports, 7, 10458.
• Ozel, C., Akgun, G., and Gurgenc, T. (2017) Microstructure, wear and friction behavior of AISI 1045 steel surfaces coated with mechanically alloyed Fe16Mo2C0.25Mn/Al2O3-3TiO2 powders, Materials Testing, 59(10), 921-928. Dobrzański L.A., Tański T., Čížek L., and Domagała, J. (2008) Mechanical properties and wear resistance of magnesium casting alloys, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 31(1), 83-90.
• Chelliah, N.M., Kumar, R., Singh, H., and Surappa, M.K. (2017) Microstructural evolution of die-cast and homogenized AZ91 Mg-alloys during the dry sliding condition, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 5, 35-40.
• Chye, L.T., Zamzuri, M.Z.M., Norbahiyah, S., Ismail, K.A., Derman, M.N.B., and Illias, S. (2013) Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Az91d magnesium alloy, Advanced Materials Research, 685, 102-106.
• Liu, C, Xin, Y., Tang, G., and Cju, P.K. (2007) Influence of heat treatment on the degradation behavior of bio-degradable die-cast AZ63 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid, Materials Science and Engineering A, 456, 350-357.
• Oteyaka, M.O, Karahisar, B., and Oteyaka, H.C. (2020) The Impact of Solution Treatment Time (T6) and Deep Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure and Wear Performance of Magnesium Alloy AZ91, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 29(9), 5995-6001.
• Incesu, A., and Gungor A. (2015) Effect of different heat treatment conditions on the microstructural and mechanical behavior of AZ63 magnesium alloy, Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 1(1-2), 243-253.
• Chen, Q., Li, K., Liu, Y., and Zhao, Z. (2017) Effects of heat treatment on the wear behavior of surfacing AZ91 magnesium alloy, Journal of Materials Research, 32(11), 2161-2168.
• Hong, Y., and Zhiwei, W. (2016) Effect of heat treatment on wear properties of extruded AZ91 alloy treated with yttrium, Journal of Rare Earths, 34(3), 308-314.
• Foley, D.L., Leff, A.C., Lang, A.C., and Taheri, M.L. (2020) Evolution of β-phase precipitates in an aluminum-magnesium alloy at the nanoscale, Acta Materialia, 185, 279-286.
• Shen, M., Zhu, X., Han, B., Ting, T., and Jia, J. (2022) Dry sliding wear behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy strengthened by nanoscale SiCp, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 16, 814-823.
• Banijamali, S.M., Najafi, S., Sheikhani, A. and Palizdar, Y. (2022) Dry tribological behavior of hot-rolled WE43 magnesium matrix composites reinforced by B4C particles, Wear, 508-509, 204487.
• Palaksha, P.A., Syamkrishna, P., and Ravishankar, K.S. (2017) Effect of Autempering Heat Treatment Parameters on the Microstructure and Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of AISI 9255 High Silicon Steel, materialstoday:Proceedings, 4(10), 10757-70763.
• Kumar, S., Kumar, D., Jain, J., and Hirwani, J.K. (2016) Influence of load, sliding speed, and microstructure on wear response of AZ91 Mg alloy, Journal of Engineering Tribology, 230(12), 1462-1469.
• Zhao, M., Liu, M., Song, G., and Atrens, A. (2008) Influence of the β-phase morphology on the corrosion of the Mg alloy AZ91, Corrosion Science, 50(7), 1939-1953.
• Duly, D., Simon, J.P., and Brechet, Y. (1995) On the competition between continuous and discontinuous precipitations in binary Mg–Al alloys, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 43(1), 101-106.
• Taltavull, C., Rodrigo, P., Torres, B., Lopez, A.J. and Rams, J. (2014) Dry sliding wear behavior of AM50B magnesium alloy, Materials and Design, 56, 549-556.
• An, J. Li, R.G., Lu, Y., Chen, C.M., Xu, Y., Chen, X. and Wang, L.M. (2008) Dry sliding wear behavior of magnesium alloys, Wear, 265, 97-104.
• Yu, W., Chen, D., Tian, L., Zhao, H. and Wang, X. (2019) Self-lubricate and anisotropic wear behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy reinforced with ternary Ti2AlC MAX phases, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 35, 3, 275-284.
• Archard, J.F. (1953) Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces, Journal of Applied. Physics, 24(8), 981-988.
• Lü, Y.Z., Wang, Q.D., Ding, W.J., Zeng, X.Q., and Zhu, Y.P. (2000) Fracture behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy, Materials Letter, 44(5), 265-268.
• Iwaszko, J., and Kudla, K. (2021) Microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy produced by friction stir processing with air cooling, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 116, 1309-1323.