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REFAH PARTİSİ’NİN YÜKSELİŞİNİN DIŞ YANSIMALARI: ALAN MAKOVSKY ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 25 - 38, 26.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.53662/esamdergisi.983167

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, Refah Partisi yöneticileri tarafından, 28 Şubat post-modern darbe sürecinin inşasında rol oynadığı iddia edilen Alan Makovsky’nin 1996-1997 döneminde yazdığı analiz metinlerinde, Refah Partisi’nin yükselişine nasıl yaklaştığını ortaya koymaktır. Makovsky, bir dönem ABD yönetim kademesinde Ortadoğu ve Türkiye uzmanı olarak danışmanlık yapması sebebiyle de önemli bir isimdir. Çalışmada, öncelikle Refah Partisi’nin yükseliş ve iktidar dönemine dair bilgilendirmeler yapılmış ve ardından Alan Makovsky hakkındaki 28 Şubat sürecine dair olan iddialara yer verilmiştir. Ardından, Makovsky’nin ilgili dönemde yazdığı analizler incelenmiş ve analizlerinde vurguladığı temalar belirlenmiştir. Makovsky’nin, Refah Partisi’nin yükselişinde Türkiye’deki siyasi ve ekonomik istikrarsızlığı temel nedenler arasında gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca Refah Partisi iktidarını ise bölgede ABD çıkarlarına karşı bir tehdit unsuru olarak gördüğü ve buna karşı ABD’ye politika tavsiyelerinde bulunduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Bayramoğlu Ali, 28 Şubat Bir Müdahalenin Güncesi, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 3. Baskı, 2018.
  • Birand Mehmet Ali – Yıldız Reyhan, Son Darbe 28 Şubat, İstanbul: Doğan Kitap, 8. Baskı, 2012.
  • Bora Tanıl – Gültekingil Murat (ed.), Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: İslamcılık, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2. Baskı, 2005.
  • Bulaç Ali, Göçün ve Kentin Siyaseti (MNP’den SP’ye Milli Görüş Partileri), İstanbul: Çıra Yayınları, 1. Baskı, 2009.
  • Karakas Cemal, çev. Lynn Benstead, Promoting or Demoting Democracy Abroad?: US and German reactions to the rise of political Islam in Turkey, Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, 2011.
  • Center for American Progress, “Alan Makovsky”, Erişim 01 Ağustos 2021. https://www.americanprogress.org/person/makovsky-alan
  • Cox Karen L., Turkish Islamism: The Refah Party, Air Command and Staff College, 1997. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA425522
  • Cumhuriyet, “Saadet Partisi Genel Başkan Yardımcısı Şevket Kazan Cumhuriyet’e Konuştu”, (06.06.2004), 12. https://egazete.cumhuriyet.com.tr/katalog/192/2004/6/6/12
  • Friedman Thomas L., “Who Lost Turkey”, The New York Times, (21 Ağustos 1996), A/17. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/21/opinion/who-lost-turkey.html
  • Gülalp Haldun, Islamist Party Poised for National Power in Turkey, Middle East Report, 194/195, (Mayıs-Ağustos 1995), 54-56.
  • Heper Metin - Güney Aylin, “The Military and the Consolidation of Democracy: The Recent Turkish Experience”, Armed Forces & Society, 26/4, (Temmuz 2000), 653-657. Erişim 5 Temmuz 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X0002600407
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Erbakan’s Turkey: An Early Assessment”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/erbakans-turkey-early-assessment
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Erbakan on the Ropes”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/erbakan-ropes
  • Makovsky, Alan. “How to Deal With Erbakan”, Middle East Quarterly, (Mart 1997), 3-8.
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Islamists Take Power in Turkish Coalition”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/islamists-take-power-turkish-coalition
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Turkey and ‘The Refah Problem”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/turkey-and-refah-problem
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Turkey: Erbakan at Six Months”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/turkey-erbakan-six-months
  • Makovsky, Alan. “U.S. Relations with Erbakan’s Turkey”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/us-relations-erbakans-turkey
  • Milliyet, “Erbakan: 28 Şubat’ı Makovsky planladı”, (28.07.2007), 21. http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/Alan%20Makovsky/
  • Öniş Ziya, The political economy of Islamic resurgence in Turkey: The rise of the Welfare Party in perspective, Third World Quarterly, 18/4, (Mayıs, 1997), 743-766.
  • Taylor Brock, Political Islam and Secular Democracy: The Rise of the Refah Party in Turkey, Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies, 18/5, (Eylül 2000), 35-43.
  • TBMM, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, “Hükümetler”, Erişim 11 Mayıs 2021. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kutuphane/e_kaynaklar_kutuphane_hukumetler.html
  • United States Congress. House Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, E. Financing, Foreign operations, export financing, and related programs appropriations for 1998: hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session., Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, Volume 1-2, 1997.
  • WINEP, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, About the Institute, Erişim 11 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/about
  • Yankaya Dilek, “28 Şubat, İslami Burjuvazinin İktidar Yolunda Bir Milat”, Birikim, (Temmuz 2012), 278, 29-37.
  • Yavuz M. Hakan, “Political Islam and the Welfare (Refah) Party in Turkey”, Comparative Politics, 30/1, (Ekim 1997), 63-82.
  • YSK, Yüksek Seçim Kurulu, 24 ARALIK 1995 MİLLETVEKİLİ GENEL SEÇİMİ SONUÇLARI, Erişim 9 Mayıs 2021 https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/dosyalar/docs/1995MilletvekiliSecimi/1995_secim_sonuclari.pdf

EXTERNAL REFLECTIONS OF THE RISE OF THE WELFARE PARTY: THE CASE OF ALAN MAKOVSKY

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 25 - 38, 26.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.53662/esamdergisi.983167

Öz

The purpose of this article is to reveal how Alan Makovsky, who is claimed to have played a role in the construction of the post-modern coup process of February 28 by the Welfare Party administrators, approached the rise of the Welfare Party in his analysis texts written in the 1996-1997 period. Makovsky is also an important name because he was a consultant to the US administration as a Middle East and Turkey expert for a while. In the study, firstly, information was given about the rise and power period of the Welfare Party, and then the allegations about the February 28 process about Alan Makovsky were given. Then, the analyzes that Makovsky wrote in the relevant period were examined and the themes he emphasized in his analyzes were determined. It was determined that Makovsky cited the political and economic instability in Turkey as one of the main reasons for the rise of the Welfare Party.In addition, it has been revealed that the Welfare Party government sees it as a threat to U.S. interests in the region and makes policy recommendations to the U.S. administration.

Kaynakça

  • Bayramoğlu Ali, 28 Şubat Bir Müdahalenin Güncesi, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 3. Baskı, 2018.
  • Birand Mehmet Ali – Yıldız Reyhan, Son Darbe 28 Şubat, İstanbul: Doğan Kitap, 8. Baskı, 2012.
  • Bora Tanıl – Gültekingil Murat (ed.), Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: İslamcılık, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2. Baskı, 2005.
  • Bulaç Ali, Göçün ve Kentin Siyaseti (MNP’den SP’ye Milli Görüş Partileri), İstanbul: Çıra Yayınları, 1. Baskı, 2009.
  • Karakas Cemal, çev. Lynn Benstead, Promoting or Demoting Democracy Abroad?: US and German reactions to the rise of political Islam in Turkey, Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, 2011.
  • Center for American Progress, “Alan Makovsky”, Erişim 01 Ağustos 2021. https://www.americanprogress.org/person/makovsky-alan
  • Cox Karen L., Turkish Islamism: The Refah Party, Air Command and Staff College, 1997. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA425522
  • Cumhuriyet, “Saadet Partisi Genel Başkan Yardımcısı Şevket Kazan Cumhuriyet’e Konuştu”, (06.06.2004), 12. https://egazete.cumhuriyet.com.tr/katalog/192/2004/6/6/12
  • Friedman Thomas L., “Who Lost Turkey”, The New York Times, (21 Ağustos 1996), A/17. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/21/opinion/who-lost-turkey.html
  • Gülalp Haldun, Islamist Party Poised for National Power in Turkey, Middle East Report, 194/195, (Mayıs-Ağustos 1995), 54-56.
  • Heper Metin - Güney Aylin, “The Military and the Consolidation of Democracy: The Recent Turkish Experience”, Armed Forces & Society, 26/4, (Temmuz 2000), 653-657. Erişim 5 Temmuz 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X0002600407
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Erbakan’s Turkey: An Early Assessment”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/erbakans-turkey-early-assessment
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Erbakan on the Ropes”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/erbakan-ropes
  • Makovsky, Alan. “How to Deal With Erbakan”, Middle East Quarterly, (Mart 1997), 3-8.
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Islamists Take Power in Turkish Coalition”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/islamists-take-power-turkish-coalition
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Turkey and ‘The Refah Problem”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/turkey-and-refah-problem
  • Makovsky, Alan. “Turkey: Erbakan at Six Months”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/turkey-erbakan-six-months
  • Makovsky, Alan. “U.S. Relations with Erbakan’s Turkey”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Erişim 15 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/us-relations-erbakans-turkey
  • Milliyet, “Erbakan: 28 Şubat’ı Makovsky planladı”, (28.07.2007), 21. http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/Alan%20Makovsky/
  • Öniş Ziya, The political economy of Islamic resurgence in Turkey: The rise of the Welfare Party in perspective, Third World Quarterly, 18/4, (Mayıs, 1997), 743-766.
  • Taylor Brock, Political Islam and Secular Democracy: The Rise of the Refah Party in Turkey, Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies, 18/5, (Eylül 2000), 35-43.
  • TBMM, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, “Hükümetler”, Erişim 11 Mayıs 2021. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kutuphane/e_kaynaklar_kutuphane_hukumetler.html
  • United States Congress. House Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, E. Financing, Foreign operations, export financing, and related programs appropriations for 1998: hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session., Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, Volume 1-2, 1997.
  • WINEP, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, About the Institute, Erişim 11 Mayıs 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/about
  • Yankaya Dilek, “28 Şubat, İslami Burjuvazinin İktidar Yolunda Bir Milat”, Birikim, (Temmuz 2012), 278, 29-37.
  • Yavuz M. Hakan, “Political Islam and the Welfare (Refah) Party in Turkey”, Comparative Politics, 30/1, (Ekim 1997), 63-82.
  • YSK, Yüksek Seçim Kurulu, 24 ARALIK 1995 MİLLETVEKİLİ GENEL SEÇİMİ SONUÇLARI, Erişim 9 Mayıs 2021 https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/dosyalar/docs/1995MilletvekiliSecimi/1995_secim_sonuclari.pdf
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi, Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Enes Yılmaz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, E. (2022). REFAH PARTİSİ’NİN YÜKSELİŞİNİN DIŞ YANSIMALARI: ALAN MAKOVSKY ÖRNEĞİ. ESAM Ekonomik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.53662/esamdergisi.983167