THE SELF- MANAGEMENT EDUCATION OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 290 - 304, 31.12.2021

Sibel Yolcu

Öz

People with type 2 DM are more vulnerable due to various forms of both short-term and long-term complications that frequently lead to premature death. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease that is chronic and requires active participation, and therefore, people with the disease, their families and caregivers need to make therapeutic decisions to ensure adequate management of the condition in all stages of the disease. Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) is considered a crucial factor for both patients with diabetes and those with prediabetes who are at high risk of developing diabetes. This process includes the needs, values and experiences of people with diabetes or prediabetes and should be conducted in accordance with evidence-based care. The outlines of the Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) are reported in the National Standards for Self-Management Education, the Joint Report of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, the Nutrition and Dietetics Academy, and the International Standards of the IDF. Both strengthening people with diabetes and developing their self-management skills through lifestyle changes are important in individual management. Self-management has an important place in diabetes management since it increases the quality of life of the individual with diabetes by providing metabolic control and reduces the risks such as complication risk, hospitalization and death. The important issue in the individual implementation of the management is that is performed through planned education in accordance with international standards by taking into account personal characteristics such as age, gender, health history, past experiences, knowledge of disease, family support, and economic status in accordance with the individual's needs. Education should be organized so that it would include culturally-appropriate and patient-centered strategies that are based on theoretical foundations and evidence and take into account the complex nature of the disease and the individual's ability to integrate with his/her social, family and cultural environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diabetes, type 2 diabetes, self management, self- management education

TİP 2 DİYABET HASTALARININ BİREYSEL YÖNETİM EĞİTİMİ

Öz

Tip 2 DM’li insanlar, sıklıkla erken ölümlere yol açan hem kısa hem de uzun vadeli komplikasyonların çeşitli formları nedeniyle daha savunmasızdırlar. Diabetes mellitus kronik ve aktif katılım gerektiren karmaşık bir hastalıktır ve bu nedenle hastalığa sahip kişilerin, ailelerin ve bakıcıların, hastalığın her aşamasında durumun yeterli yönetimini sağlamak için terapötik kararlar alması gerekir. Terapötik Hasta Eğitimi (TPE), hem diyabetli hastalar hem de diyabet gelişme riski yüksek olan prediyabetli hastalar için çok önemli bir unsur olarak kabul edilir. Bu süreç, diyabetli veya prediyabetli kişilerin ihtiyaçlarını, değerlerini ve deneyimlerini içerir ve kanıta dayalı bakım doğrultusunda yürütülmelidir. Terapötik Hasta Eğitimi' nin ana hatları, Ulusal Öz Yönetim Eğitimi Standartları'nda, Amerikan Diyabet Derneği'nin Ortak Raporu’nda, Amerikan Diyabet Eğitimcileri Derneği’nde, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Akademisi’nde ve Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu'nun Uluslararası Standartları’nda bildirilmiştir. Diyabetli bireylerin hem güçlendirilmesi hem de yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri yolu ile öz yönetim becerilerinin geliştirilmesi bireysel yönetimde önem teşkil etmektedir. Öz yönetim, diyabetli bireyin metabolik kontrolü sağlayarak yaşam kalitelerini arttırdığı, komplikasyon riski, hastaneye yatış ve ölüm gibi riskleri azalttığı için diyabet yönetiminde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Yönetimin bireysel olarak uygulanmasında önemli olan bireyin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda yaş, cinsiyet, sağlık öyküsü, geçmiş deneyimler, hastalık bilgisi, aile desteği ve ekonomik durum gibi kişisel özellikleri de hesaba katılarak uluslararası standartlar doğrultusunda planlanmış eğitimler yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmesidir. Eğitimin, hastalığın karmaşık yapısını, bireyin sosyal, aile ve kültürel çevresiyle bütünleşebilmesini hesaba katan teorik temellere ve kanıta dayalı, kültüre uygun ve hasta merkezli stratejileri içerecek şekilde düzenlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

diyabet, tip 2 diyabet, bireysel yönetim, bireysel yönetim eğitimi

Kaynakça

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