On Relation between Habit and Morality in the Thoughts of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and Felix Ravaisson

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 29, 121 - 145, 10.12.2014

Muhammet Enes Kala

Öz

The simple words, which have been used in daily life,
may seem totally different with aid of the philosophical point of view. In this
paper, we shall attempt to examine a word, the concept of habit we often use in
daily life and its relation with morality as a practical area in the thoughts
of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and Ravaisson. Both of the thinkers, who were impressed
by Aristotle, have assigned the concept of habit a private place in their
understandings of morality. The paper, in one respect, shall take on a task to
examine the relation between morality and habit.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Habit, morality, Aristotle, Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Ravaisson

İbn Sina ve Felix Ravaisson’da Alışkanlık ve Ahlâk İlişkisi Üzerine

Öz

Günlük
yaşamda kullanılan basit sözcükler felsefi bakış açısıyla bambaşka görünebilir.
Bu çalışmada günlük yaşamda sıklıkla kullandığımız bir sözcük olan alışkanlık
kelimesinin pratik bir alan olan ahlâk ile ilişkisini, İbn Sina ve Ravaisson’un
düşünceleri üzerinden sorgulamaya çalışacağız. Aristoteles’ten çok ciddi
şekilde etkilenen her iki düşünür de kendi ahlâk düşüncelerinde alışkanlık
kavramına önemli bir yer tahsis etmiştir. Bu çalışma bir bakıma ahlâk ile
alışkanlığın arasında kurulan ilişkiyi sorgulama görevini üstlenecektir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alışkanlık, ahlâk, Aristoteles, İbn Sina, Ravaisson

Kaynakça

• Âmiri, es-Saâde ve’l-s’ad fi-Sireti’l Insaniyye, Tehran: Intişarat-ı Danisgah, 1336 h.
• Andrews, B.K., “Habit”, The American Journal of Psychology, 14:2 (1903).
• Aristotle, Ethics, ed. David Bostock, Oxford: OUP, 2000.
• Aristotle, The Basic Works of Aristotle, transl-ed. Richard Mckeon, New York: Oxford University Press, 1941.
• Aristotle, Nicomechean Ethics, ed. Roger Crisp, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
• Benedict, R., Patterns of Culture, London: Penguin, 1934.
• Bichat, X., Psychological Researches on Life and Death, transl. Tobias Watkins, Smith and Maxwell, Phidelphia, 1809.
• Biran, Maine de (e.d.) The Influence of Habit on The Faculty of Thinking, transl. Margaret Donaldson Boehm, Weitport: C.T Greenwood Press.
• Boer, T.J., The History of Philosophy in Islam, transl. Edward Jones, Rowe and Biydane, London, 1933.
• Bonet, P., Ravaisson, Mollien Jean-Gaspart Felix (1813-1900), (Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Vol. 8, Ed. Edvard Craig, Routledge, London, 1998)
• Bostock, D., Aristotle Ethics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
• Bowyer, C., Philosophical Perspectives for Education,: Scot Foresman, Illinois, 1970.
• Copleston, F., A History of Philosophy, vol. 9, London: Search Press, 1975.
• Carlisle, C. “Clare Carlisle, Becoming and Unbecoming The Theory and Practice of Anatta” Contemporary Buddhism, 7:1, (2006), pp. 75-89.
• Carlisle, C. and Sinclair, M. Editors’ Comments (2008a) (in Ravaisson, F. Of Habit, transl. Clare Carlisle and Mark Sinclair, Continuum, London, 2008.)
• Carlisle, C. and Sinclair M. (2008b) Introduction. (in Ravaisson, F. Of Habit, transl. Clare Carlisle and Mark Sinclair, Continuum, London, 2008.)
• Carlisle, C. The Force of Habit in 19th Century French Philosophy, Ravaisson after Maine de Biran.
• Carlisle, C. “Between Freedom and Necessity: Felix Ravaisson on Habit and The Moral Life” (Basılmamış Ders Notu) 2008.
• Dunlop, K., “The Identity of Instinct and Habit”, The Journal of Phil osophy, 19: 4 (1922).
• Fakhry, M., A History of Islamic Philosophy, New York: Colombia Uni. Press, 1970.
• Fakhry, M., Ethical Theories in Islam, New York: E.J. Brill, 1991.
• Hume, D., An Enquiriy Concerning Human Understanding, Oxford: Clanderon Press, 1902.
• İbn Sina, El-Necâd, Cairo: Babi al Halabi, 1357 h.
• İbn Sina, Kitab al-Siyasa, ed. by Louis Maaluf, Cairo: Majallat al-Sarq, 1906.
• İbn Sina, Kitabu’l Hudûd, Intişâra Bidar, 1400 h.
• İbn Sina, Metafizik 2. ter. Ekrem Demirli-Ömer Türker, İstanbul: Litera Yay., 2005.
• İbn Sina, Risale fi’s-Saâde, Dairetu’l-Mearifi’l-Osmaniyye Meclisi Matbaası, 1353 h.
• İbn Sina, Risale fî-İlmi`l-Ahlâk, (Tis’u Resâil, Kahire: Daru’l-Arab, 1908)
• James, W., Habit, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 1914.
• Kant, I., Anthropology From a Pragmatic Point of View, transl. Mary Gregor, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1974.
• Kierkegaard, S., Works of Love, transl. Howard V. and Edna Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
• Malabou, C. (2008) Addiction and Grace preface to Felix Ravaisson of Habit, (in Ravaisson, F. Of Habit, transl. Clare Carlisle and Mark Sinclair, London: Continuum, 2008)
• Pollard, B. Explaining Actions with Habits. [Online]. Available from: http://homepages.ed.ac.uk/wpollard/home.html (Ulaşım: 10 Ekim 2013)
• Ravaisson, F., Of Habit, transl. Clare Carlisle and Mark Sinclair, London: Continuum, 2008.
• Reid, T., Essays on the Active Powers of Man, Edinburgh: John Bell Printed, 1788.
• Schweiker, W., Religious Ethics, Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.