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Yapay Zeka ile İlişkili Etik ve Teolojik Problemler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Din ve Yapay Zeka, 1 - 19, 15.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1583408

Öz

Yapay zekâ, insan zekâsını taklit eden ve zamanla bu zekâyı aşabilen sistemler ve programlar bütünü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu teknolojilerin hızlı gelişimi, ahlaki sorumluluk, gizlilik, önyargı, insan haklarına saygı ve toplumsal etkiler gibi pek çok etik tartışmayı gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, yapay zekânın teknik altyapısını, zayıf ve güçlü yapay zekâ arasındaki farkları, etik sorunları ve teolojik boyutları ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alarak, yapay zekânın insan hayatındaki yerini ve getirdiği sorunları kapsamlı bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Yapay zekânın tarihsel gelişimi, matematiksel mantık, bilişsel bilimler, felsefe ve mühendislik gibi çeşitli disiplinlerin katkılarıyla şekillenmiştir. Antik Yunan filozoflarından günümüze, yapay zekâ üzerine düşünceler, insan doğası, bilinç ve sorumluluk gibi derin felsefi soruları gündeme getirmiştir. Alan Turing’in geliştirdiği algoritmalar, yapay zekânın modern anlamda şekillenmesine katkı sağlamış ve “Turing Testi” gibi kavramlarla makinelerin insan benzeri zekâya sahip olup olmadığını değerlendirmek için ilk modelleri ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada öncelikle, yapay zekânın teknik altyapısı detaylı bir biçimde analiz edilmekte; zayıf ve güçlü yapay zekâ ayrımı üzerinden teknolojinin mevcut sınırları ve potansiyeli tartışılmaktadır. Zayıf yapay zekâ, spesifik görevleri yerine getirmek üzere tasarlanmış ve bu görevler dışında genel bir zekâ sergilemeyen sistemleri içerirken; güçlü yapay zekâ, insan benzeri genel zekâ ve esnek düşünme kapasitesine sahip sistemleri ifade etmektedir. Günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan yapay zekâ uygulamalarının çoğu zayıf yapay zekâ kategorisindedir. Ancak, güçlü yapay zekânın gelişimi, insanlık için çeşitli etik ve teolojik sonuçları beraberinde getirmektedir. Yapay zekânın etik sorunları arasında özerklik, sorumluluk, şeffaflık, adalet ve mahremiyet gibi temel başlıklar bulunmaktadır. Otonom sistemlerin karar alma süreçleri, toplumsal düzeyde ciddi etik sorular doğurmaktadır. Özellikle otonom silahlar ve yapay zekâ tarafından yönetilen adalet sistemleri, insan hakları ve bireysel özgürlükler açısından endişelere neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yapay zekânın etik çerçevesi yalnızca teknolojik sınırlarla sınırlı kalmayıp, insanlığın geleceği ve insan-makine etkileşimi üzerine derin etkiler bırakmaktadır. Teolojik boyutlar açısından, yapay zekânın insan zihnini ve yaratıcı süreçleri taklit etmesi, Tanrı’nın yaratıcılığı, insanın evrendeki yeri ve bilinç gibi derin teolojik meseleleri gündeme getirmektedir. Yapay zekâ sistemlerinin bilinç kazanıp kazanamayacağı ve bu bilinçli sistemlerin ruhsal bir statüye sahip olup olamayacağı soruları, teoloji ve felsefe alanında yeni tartışmalara yol açmaktadır. Yapay zekânın etik ilkeleri, şeffaflık, hesap verebilirlik, özerklik, insan denetimi ve veri yönetimi gibi prensipler etrafında şekillenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, yapay zekânın geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması sürecinde dikkat edilmesi gereken etik ve teolojik ilkelerin belirlenmesi, insanlığın geleceği açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin etik ve teolojik boyutlarının kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesi, bu teknolojinin toplumsal etkilerini anlamak ve yönetmek için gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, yapay zekânın toplumsal değerlerle uyumlu bir şekilde geliştirilmesi ve insanlığın faydasına kullanılması için disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımın gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışma, yapay zekânın gelişimi ve yaygınlaşmasıyla ortaya çıkan karmaşık etik ve teolojik meselelere ışık tutarak, gelecekteki araştırmalar için önemli bir teorik çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, etik kurul izni gerektirmeyen nitelikte olup kullanılan veriler literatür taraması/yayınlanmış kaynaklar üzerinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırmayı desteklemek için dış fon kullanılmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akgun, Selin - Greenhow, Christine. “Artificial Intelligence in Education: Addressing Ethical Challenges in K-12 Settings”. AI and Ethics 2/3 (2022), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00096-7
  • Arslan, Mahmut. İş ve Meslek Ahlakı Dünya ve Türkiye Örnekleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık, 2012.
  • Baloğlu, Adnan Bülent. “Nihilist Transhümanizm: İnsanın Buharlaşması”. Yapay zekâ: Transhümanizm ve Din. 211-216. Ankara: T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2022.
  • Bjork, Russeoo C. “Artificial Intelligence and the Soul”. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 60/2 (2008), 95-101.
  • Budak, Selçuk. Psikoloji Sözlüǧü. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları, 2005.
  • Cevizci, Ahmet. Etiğe Giriş. İstanbul: Paradigma, 2002.
  • Chang, Mark. Artificial Intelligence for Drug Development, Precision Medicine, and Healthcare. Boca Raton London New York: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
  • Chornomordenko, Ivan et al. “Modification of Religion in the Future under the Influence of IT”. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security 22/8 (2022), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2022.22.8.18
  • CNN "Kullanıcılara Büyük Şok! ChatGPT Kişisel Verileri Sızdırdı". Erişim 25.07.2024. https://www.cnnturk.com/teknoloji/kullanicilara-buyuk-sok-chatgpt-kisisel-verileri-sizdirdi?page=1
  • Coppin, Ben. Artificial intelligence illuminated. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2004.
  • Daily Mail "Tesla robot Attacks An Engineer at Company's Texas Factory During Violent Malfunction - Leaving Trail of Blood and Forcing Workers to Hit Emergency Shutdown Button". Erişim 06.01.2024. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-12869629/Tesla-robot-ATTACKS-engineer-companys-Texas-factory-violent-malfunction-leaving-trail-blood-forcing-workers-hit-emergency-shutdown-button.html
  • Demirkasımoğlu, Nihan. Etik ve Eğitim. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 2020.
  • Descartes, R. Meditations on First Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Dignum, Virginia. “Ethical Decision-Making”. Responsible Artificial Intelligence. kitap editörü Virginia Dignum, 35-46. Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30371-6_3
  • Dignum, Virginia. “Taking Responsibility”. Responsible Artificial Intelligence. kitap editörü Virginia Dignum, 47-69. Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30371-6_4
  • Dünya. "Erişim Engeli Uygulayan İlk Batı Ülkesi: ChatGPT İtalya'da Yasaklandı!". Erişim 24.07.2024. https://www.dunya.com/dunya/erisim-engeli-uygulayan-ilk-bati-ulkesi-chatgpt-italyada-yasaklandi-haberi-690100
  • Ekmekci, Perihan Elif - Arda, Berna. Artificial Intelligence and Bioethics. Cham: Springer, 2020.
  • Ertel, Wolfgang - Mast, Florian. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. çev. Nathanael Black. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, Second edition., 2017.
  • Flanagan O. The Problem of the Soul: Two Visions of Mind and How to Reconcile Them. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
  • Frana, Philip L. - Michael J. Klein (ed.). Encyclopedia of artificial intelligence: the past, present, and future of AI. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2021.
  • Gaudet, Matthew J. et al. (ed.). Encountering Artificial Intelligence: Ethical and Anthropological Investigations. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2024.
  • Graves, Mark. “Theological Foundations for Moral Artificial Intelligence”. Journal of Moral Theology 11/SI1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.55476/001c.34130
  • Guardian "From the Archive, 9 December 1981: Robot Kills Factory Worker". Erişim 16.01.2024. https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2014/dec/09/robot-kills-factory-worker
  • Herzfeld, Noreen. “Human and Artificial Intelligence: A Theological Response”. Human Identity at the Intersection of Science, Technology and Religion. ed. Nancey C. Murphy - Christopher Knight. Ashgate Science and Religion Series. London New York: Routledge, 2016.
  • Iafrate, Fernando. Artificial Intelligence and Big Data: The Birth of a New Intelligence. London: ISTE, 2018.
  • John Rivers, Theodore. “Technology and Religion: A Metaphysical Challenge”. Technology in Society 28/4 (2006), 517-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2006.09.003
  • Karimian, Golnar et al. “The Ethical Issues of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Systematic Scoping Review”. AI and Ethics 2/4 (2022), 539-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00131-7
  • Lee, Raymond S. T. Artificial Intelligence in Daily Life$nRaymond S.T. Lee. Singapore: Springer, 2020.
  • Li, H Y et al. “Ethical Problems and Countermeasures of Artificial Intelligence Technology”. ed. K.H.M. Mansur - Y. Fu. E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021), 01063. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101063
  • Lilley, Stephen. Transhumanism and Society: The Social Debate over Human Enhancement. Dordrecht New York: Springer, 2013.
  • Modern, John Lardas. Neuromatic, or, a particular history of religion and the brain. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press, 2021.
  • Nath, Rajakishore - Sahu, Vineet. “The Problem of Machine Ethics in Artificial Intelligence”. AI & SOCIETY 35/1 (2020), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0768-6
  • Neapolitan, Richard E. - Jiang, Xia. Artificial Intelligence: With An Introduction to Machine Learning. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Second edition., 2018.
  • NTV, "AB ChatGPT Görev Gücü Kuruyor". Erişim 24.07.2024. https://www.ntv.com.tr/teknoloji/ab-chatgpt-gorev-gucu-kuruyor,1twewaJCQUqUy0JcTWckgQ
  • Oguike, Osondu. A First Course in Artificial Intelligence. Sharjah: Bentham Science Publishers, 2021.
  • Ödemiş, Mehmet. “Yapay Zekada Ruh/Bilinç ve Menşei Problemi”. Yapay zekâ: Transhümanizm ve Din. Ankara: T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2022.
  • Pickover, Clifford A. Artificial Intelligence: An Illustrated History: From Medieval Robots to Neural Networks. New York: Sterling, 2019.
  • Say, Cem. 50 Soruda Yapay Zekâ. İstanbul: Bilim ve Gelecek Kitaplığı, 2018.
  • Stahl, Bernd Carsten. “Concepts of Ethics and Their Application to AI”. Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future. kitap editörü Bernd Carsten Stahl, 19-33. SpringerBriefs in Research and Innovation Governance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69978-9_3
  • Stahl, Bernd Carsten. “Ethical Issues of AI”. Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future. kitap editörü Bernd Carsten Stahl, 35-53. SpringerBriefs in Research and Innovation Governance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69978-9_4
  • Sturgill, Amanda F. C. “Artificial Intelligence Its Future Uses in Religious Compassion”. Religion online: How digital technology is changing the way we worship and pray. ed. August E. Grant vd. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019.
  • Suguna, S. Kanimozhi et al. Artificial Intelligence (AI): Recent Trends and Applications. Boca Raton: CRC press, 2021.
  • The Conversation (2023). Gods in the Machine? The Rise of Artificial Intelligence May Result in New Religions. https://theconversation.com/gods-in-the-machine-the-rise-of-artificial-intelligence-may-result-in-new-religions-201068. Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2024.
  • Taulli, Tom. “AI Foundations: History Lessons”. Artificial Intelligence Basics. kitap editörü Tom Taulli, 1-17. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5028-0_1
  • Thomas, Peggy. Artificial intelligence. Farmington Hills, Mich: Lucent Books, 2005.
  • Turing, A. M. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”. Mind 59/236 (1950), 433-460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433
  • Waters, Brent. “From Human to Posthuman Theology and Technology”. Human Identity at the Intersection of Science, Technology and Religion. ed. Nancey C. Murphy - Christopher Knight. Ashgate Science and Religion Series. London New York: Routledge, 2016.
  • Yao, Mariya et al. Applied Artificial Intelligence: A Handbook for Business Leaders. ed. Natalia Zhang. Middletown: Topbots, 2017.

Ethical and Theological Problems Related to Artificial Intelligence

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Din ve Yapay Zeka, 1 - 19, 15.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1583408

Öz

Artificial intelligence is defined as the totality of systems and programs that imitate human intelligence and can eventually surpass this intelligence over time. The rapid development of these technologies has raised various ethical debates such as moral responsibility, privacy, bias, respect for human rights, and social impacts. This study examines the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence, the differences between weak and strong artificial intelligence, ethical issues, and theological dimensions in detail, providing a comprehensive perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in human life and the problems it brings. The historical development of artificial intelligence has been shaped by the contributions of various disciplines such as mathematical logic, cognitive science, philosophy, and engineering. From the ancient Greek philosophers to the present day, thoughts on artificial intelligence have raised deep philosophical questions such as human nature, consciousness, and responsibility. The algorithms developed by Alan Turing have contributed to the modern shaping of artificial intelligence and have put forward the first models to assess whether machines have human-like intelligence, such as the “Turing Test”. The study first analyzes the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence in detail and discusses the current limits and potential of the technology through the distinction between weak and strong artificial intelligence. Weak artificial intelligence includes systems designed to perform specific tasks and do not exhibit general intelligence outside of those tasks, while strong artificial intelligence refers to systems with human-like general intelligence and flexible thinking capacity. Most of the widely used artificial intelligence applications today fall into the category of weak artificial intelligence. However, the development of strong artificial intelligence brings various ethical and theological consequences for humanity. The ethical issues of artificial intelligence include fundamental topics such as autonomy, responsibility, transparency, fairness, and privacy. The decision-making processes of autonomous systems raise serious ethical questions at the societal level. Especially autonomous weapons and artificial intelligence-managed justice systems raise concerns in terms of human rights and individual freedoms. In this context, the ethical framework of artificial intelligence has deep impacts on the future of humanity and human-machine interaction, not just limited to technological boundaries. From a theological perspective, the ability of artificial intelligence to imitate the human mind and creative processes raises deep theological issues such as the creativity of God, the place of human beings in the universe, and consciousness. The questions of whether artificial intelligence systems can gain consciousness and whether these conscious systems can have a spiritual status have led to new debates in theology and philosophy. The ethical principles of artificial intelligence are shaped around principles such as transparency, accountability, autonomy, human control, and data management. In conclusion, determining the ethical and theological principles that need to be considered in the development and application of artificial intelligence is critical for the future of humanity. A comprehensive examination of the ethical and theological dimensions of artificial intelligence technologies is necessary to understand and manage the social impacts of this technology. This study emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach for the development of artificial intelligence in harmony with social values and for the benefit of humanity. The study provides an important theoretical framework for future research by shedding light on the complex ethical and theological issues arising from the development and widespread use of artificial intelligence.

Etik Beyan

This study does not require ethics committee approval, as the data used were obtained from literature review/published sources. It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited.

Destekleyen Kurum

The author acknowledges that he received no external funding in support of this research.

Kaynakça

  • Akgun, Selin - Greenhow, Christine. “Artificial Intelligence in Education: Addressing Ethical Challenges in K-12 Settings”. AI and Ethics 2/3 (2022), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00096-7
  • Arslan, Mahmut. İş ve Meslek Ahlakı Dünya ve Türkiye Örnekleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık, 2012.
  • Baloğlu, Adnan Bülent. “Nihilist Transhümanizm: İnsanın Buharlaşması”. Yapay zekâ: Transhümanizm ve Din. 211-216. Ankara: T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2022.
  • Bjork, Russeoo C. “Artificial Intelligence and the Soul”. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 60/2 (2008), 95-101.
  • Budak, Selçuk. Psikoloji Sözlüǧü. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları, 2005.
  • Cevizci, Ahmet. Etiğe Giriş. İstanbul: Paradigma, 2002.
  • Chang, Mark. Artificial Intelligence for Drug Development, Precision Medicine, and Healthcare. Boca Raton London New York: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
  • Chornomordenko, Ivan et al. “Modification of Religion in the Future under the Influence of IT”. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security 22/8 (2022), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2022.22.8.18
  • CNN "Kullanıcılara Büyük Şok! ChatGPT Kişisel Verileri Sızdırdı". Erişim 25.07.2024. https://www.cnnturk.com/teknoloji/kullanicilara-buyuk-sok-chatgpt-kisisel-verileri-sizdirdi?page=1
  • Coppin, Ben. Artificial intelligence illuminated. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2004.
  • Daily Mail "Tesla robot Attacks An Engineer at Company's Texas Factory During Violent Malfunction - Leaving Trail of Blood and Forcing Workers to Hit Emergency Shutdown Button". Erişim 06.01.2024. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-12869629/Tesla-robot-ATTACKS-engineer-companys-Texas-factory-violent-malfunction-leaving-trail-blood-forcing-workers-hit-emergency-shutdown-button.html
  • Demirkasımoğlu, Nihan. Etik ve Eğitim. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 2020.
  • Descartes, R. Meditations on First Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Dignum, Virginia. “Ethical Decision-Making”. Responsible Artificial Intelligence. kitap editörü Virginia Dignum, 35-46. Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30371-6_3
  • Dignum, Virginia. “Taking Responsibility”. Responsible Artificial Intelligence. kitap editörü Virginia Dignum, 47-69. Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30371-6_4
  • Dünya. "Erişim Engeli Uygulayan İlk Batı Ülkesi: ChatGPT İtalya'da Yasaklandı!". Erişim 24.07.2024. https://www.dunya.com/dunya/erisim-engeli-uygulayan-ilk-bati-ulkesi-chatgpt-italyada-yasaklandi-haberi-690100
  • Ekmekci, Perihan Elif - Arda, Berna. Artificial Intelligence and Bioethics. Cham: Springer, 2020.
  • Ertel, Wolfgang - Mast, Florian. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. çev. Nathanael Black. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, Second edition., 2017.
  • Flanagan O. The Problem of the Soul: Two Visions of Mind and How to Reconcile Them. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
  • Frana, Philip L. - Michael J. Klein (ed.). Encyclopedia of artificial intelligence: the past, present, and future of AI. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2021.
  • Gaudet, Matthew J. et al. (ed.). Encountering Artificial Intelligence: Ethical and Anthropological Investigations. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2024.
  • Graves, Mark. “Theological Foundations for Moral Artificial Intelligence”. Journal of Moral Theology 11/SI1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.55476/001c.34130
  • Guardian "From the Archive, 9 December 1981: Robot Kills Factory Worker". Erişim 16.01.2024. https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2014/dec/09/robot-kills-factory-worker
  • Herzfeld, Noreen. “Human and Artificial Intelligence: A Theological Response”. Human Identity at the Intersection of Science, Technology and Religion. ed. Nancey C. Murphy - Christopher Knight. Ashgate Science and Religion Series. London New York: Routledge, 2016.
  • Iafrate, Fernando. Artificial Intelligence and Big Data: The Birth of a New Intelligence. London: ISTE, 2018.
  • John Rivers, Theodore. “Technology and Religion: A Metaphysical Challenge”. Technology in Society 28/4 (2006), 517-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2006.09.003
  • Karimian, Golnar et al. “The Ethical Issues of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Systematic Scoping Review”. AI and Ethics 2/4 (2022), 539-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00131-7
  • Lee, Raymond S. T. Artificial Intelligence in Daily Life$nRaymond S.T. Lee. Singapore: Springer, 2020.
  • Li, H Y et al. “Ethical Problems and Countermeasures of Artificial Intelligence Technology”. ed. K.H.M. Mansur - Y. Fu. E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021), 01063. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101063
  • Lilley, Stephen. Transhumanism and Society: The Social Debate over Human Enhancement. Dordrecht New York: Springer, 2013.
  • Modern, John Lardas. Neuromatic, or, a particular history of religion and the brain. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press, 2021.
  • Nath, Rajakishore - Sahu, Vineet. “The Problem of Machine Ethics in Artificial Intelligence”. AI & SOCIETY 35/1 (2020), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0768-6
  • Neapolitan, Richard E. - Jiang, Xia. Artificial Intelligence: With An Introduction to Machine Learning. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Second edition., 2018.
  • NTV, "AB ChatGPT Görev Gücü Kuruyor". Erişim 24.07.2024. https://www.ntv.com.tr/teknoloji/ab-chatgpt-gorev-gucu-kuruyor,1twewaJCQUqUy0JcTWckgQ
  • Oguike, Osondu. A First Course in Artificial Intelligence. Sharjah: Bentham Science Publishers, 2021.
  • Ödemiş, Mehmet. “Yapay Zekada Ruh/Bilinç ve Menşei Problemi”. Yapay zekâ: Transhümanizm ve Din. Ankara: T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2022.
  • Pickover, Clifford A. Artificial Intelligence: An Illustrated History: From Medieval Robots to Neural Networks. New York: Sterling, 2019.
  • Say, Cem. 50 Soruda Yapay Zekâ. İstanbul: Bilim ve Gelecek Kitaplığı, 2018.
  • Stahl, Bernd Carsten. “Concepts of Ethics and Their Application to AI”. Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future. kitap editörü Bernd Carsten Stahl, 19-33. SpringerBriefs in Research and Innovation Governance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69978-9_3
  • Stahl, Bernd Carsten. “Ethical Issues of AI”. Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future. kitap editörü Bernd Carsten Stahl, 35-53. SpringerBriefs in Research and Innovation Governance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69978-9_4
  • Sturgill, Amanda F. C. “Artificial Intelligence Its Future Uses in Religious Compassion”. Religion online: How digital technology is changing the way we worship and pray. ed. August E. Grant vd. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019.
  • Suguna, S. Kanimozhi et al. Artificial Intelligence (AI): Recent Trends and Applications. Boca Raton: CRC press, 2021.
  • The Conversation (2023). Gods in the Machine? The Rise of Artificial Intelligence May Result in New Religions. https://theconversation.com/gods-in-the-machine-the-rise-of-artificial-intelligence-may-result-in-new-religions-201068. Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2024.
  • Taulli, Tom. “AI Foundations: History Lessons”. Artificial Intelligence Basics. kitap editörü Tom Taulli, 1-17. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5028-0_1
  • Thomas, Peggy. Artificial intelligence. Farmington Hills, Mich: Lucent Books, 2005.
  • Turing, A. M. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”. Mind 59/236 (1950), 433-460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433
  • Waters, Brent. “From Human to Posthuman Theology and Technology”. Human Identity at the Intersection of Science, Technology and Religion. ed. Nancey C. Murphy - Christopher Knight. Ashgate Science and Religion Series. London New York: Routledge, 2016.
  • Yao, Mariya et al. Applied Artificial Intelligence: A Handbook for Business Leaders. ed. Natalia Zhang. Middletown: Topbots, 2017.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Psikolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Necmi Karslı 0000-0002-2975-9307

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 16 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: Din ve Yapay Zeka

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Karslı, Necmi. “Ethical and Theological Problems Related to Artificial Intelligence”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12/Din ve Yapay Zeka (Mayıs2025), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1583408.

Creative Commons Lisansı

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ESOGUIFD) Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.