ULUSLARARASI İNSANCIL HUKUK İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARININ KULLANILDIĞI OPERASYONLARDA ŞEFFAFLIK YÜKÜMLÜLÜĞÜ YARATIR MI?

Öz

İnsansız hava araçlarının silahlı çatışmalarda aktif olarak kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla beraber saldırıların hukuki dayanağının açıklanması, hedeflerin kimliğinin belirlenmesi, sivil kayıpların kamuoyuyla paylaşılması, tarafsız ve etkin soruşturmaların yürütülmesine yönelik endişeler giderek artmaktadır. Bu gerekçelerle, şeffaflık eksikliği insansız hava araçlarının kullanıldığı operasyonlarda hayati bir konumdadır. Uluslararası insancıl hukuk devletlere açık bir şeffaflık yükümlülüğü getirmemektedir. Ancak uluslararası toplumda şeffaflığın sağlanmasına yönelik bir eğilim bulunmaktadır. Bu makale uluslararası insancıl hukukta şeffaflık yükümlülüğünün hukuki temellerini araştırmaktadır. Cenevre Sözleşmeleri’nin Ortak 1. Maddesinde yer alan saygı gösterme, saygı gösterilmesini sağlama ve soruşturma görevinin şeffaflık yükümlülüğü için bir temel oluşturduğu savunulmaktadır. Etkili başvuru hakkı ve hakikat hakkı, şeffaflık yükümlülüğüne doğru bir yönelim yarattığı için makalede incelenmektedir. Şeffaflık yükümlülüğünün hukukun üstünlüğünün sağlanmasında öneme sahip olduğu gerekçesiyle, bu makalenin araştırma sonuçları uluslararası insancıl hukukta şeffaflık için bir hukuki temel oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası insancıl hukuk
• şeffaflık
• insansız hava araçları
• ortak madde 1

DOES INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW CREATE AN OBLIGATION OF TRANSPARENCY IN OPERATIONS USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES?

Öz

With the active use of unmanned aerial vehicles in armed conflicts, there are growing concerns about the legal basis for attacks, the identification of targets, the public disclosure of civilian casualties, and the conduct of impartial and effective investigations. For these reasons, lack of transparency is crucial in operations using drones. International humanitarian law does not impose a clear transparency obligation on states. However, there is a trend in the international community towards transparency. This article explores the legal foundations of the transparency obligation in international humanitarian law. It is argued that the duty to respect, ensure respect and investigate in Common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions provides a basis for the obligation of transparency. The right to effective remedy and the right to truth are examined in the article as they create a trend towards the obligation of transparency. Given the importance of the duty of transparency in ensuring the rule of law, the research results of this article aim to provide a legal basis for transparency in international humanitarian law.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• International humanitarian law
• transparency
• unmanned aerial vehicles
• common article 1

Kaynakça

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