Surviving in Global Shocks: A Study from the Perspective of Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Resilience

Öz

Covid-19 gibi büyük şok dönemlerinde firmalar için en önemli durum hayatta kalmak olabilir. Firmaların bu tür dönemlerde hayatta kalmasını sağlayan biz dizi faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu faktörlerden önce çıkanlardan birisi dayanıklılıktır. Bu araştırmada firmaların Covid-19 sonrasında dayanıklılıklarını dinamik yetenekler açısından incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı; firmaların dinamik yeteneklerinin covid-19 sonrasında iyileşmeye etkisinde sağlamlığın rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma İstanbul ilindeki seçili sektörlerdeki 433 beyaz yakalı çalışanların katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre firmaların dinamik yetenekleri onların sağlamlıklarını ve iyileşme seviyelerini arttırmaktadır. Ayrıca sağlamlık firmanın iyileşmesini de arttırmaktadır. Son olarak dinamik yeteneklerin iyileşmeyi sağlamlık üzerinden etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, dinamik yetenekleri dayanıklılık literatürüne bağlamak, sağlamlık ile iyileşme arasında ilişki kurmak ve şok dönemlerinde faaliyetleri devam ettirme açısından bilgiler sunmaktadır. Araştırma sonunda pratik ve teorik açıdan öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dynamic capabilities
• Resilience
• Robustness
• Recovery
• COVID-19

Küresel Şoklarda Hayatta Kalmak: Dinamik Yetenekler ve Örgütsel Dayanıklılık Perspektifinden Bir Araştırma

Öz

Covid-19 gibi büyük şok dönemlerinde firmalar için en önemli durum hayatta kalmak olabilir. Firmaların bu tür dönemlerde hayatta kalmasını sağlayan biz dizi faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu faktörlerden önce çıkanlardan birisi dayanıklılıktır. Bu araştırmada firmaların Covid-19 sonrasında dayanıklılıklarını dinamik yetenekler açısından incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı; firmaların dinamik yeteneklerinin covid-19 sonrasında iyileşmeye etkisinde sağlamlığın rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma İstanbul ilindeki seçili sektörlerdeki 433 beyaz yakalı çalışanların katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre firmaların dinamik yetenekleri onların sağlamlıklarını ve iyileşme seviyelerini arttırmaktadır. Ayrıca sağlamlık firmanın iyileşmesini de arttırmaktadır. Son olarak dinamik yeteneklerin iyileşmeyi sağlamlık üzerinden etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, dinamik yetenekleri dayanıklılık literatürüne bağlamak, sağlamlık ile iyileşme arasında ilişki kurmak ve şok dönemlerinde faaliyetleri devam ettirme açısından bilgiler sunmaktadır. Araştırma sonunda pratik ve teorik açıdan öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dinamik yetenekler
• Dayanıklılık
• Sağlamlık
• İyileşme
• COVID-19

Kaynakça

1. Abidi, N., El Herradi, M., & Sakha, S. (2023). Digitalization and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telecommunications Policy, 47(4), 102522.
2. Acquaah, M., Amoako-Gyampah, K., & Jayaram, J. (2011). Resilience in family and nonfamily firms: An examination of the relationships between manufacturing strategy, competitive strategy and firm performance. International Journal of Production Research, 49(18), 5527-5544. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563834
3. Akgün, A. E., & Keskin, H. (2014). Organisational resilience capacity and firm product innovativeness and performance. International Journal of Production Research, 52(23), 6918-6937. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.910624
4. Akpan, E. E., Johnny, E., & Sylva, W. (2022). Dynamic capabilities and organizational resilience of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Vision, 26(1), 48-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262920984
5. Ali, A., Mahfouz, A. & Arisha, A. (2017). Analyzing supply chain resilience: Integrating the constructs in a concept mapping framework via a systematic literature review. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 22(1), 16-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-06-2016-0197
6. Bal, H. (2001). Bilimsel araştirma yöntem ve teknikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Basımevi.
7. Bari, N., Chimhundu, R., & Chan, K. C. (2022). Dynamic capabilities to achieve corporate sustainability: a roadmap to sustained competitive advantage. Sustainability, 14(3), 1531.
8. Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108

9. Barreto, I. (2010). Dynamic capabilities: A review of past research and an agenda for the future. Journal of Management, 36(1), 256-280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309350776.
10. Brandon‐Jones, E., Squire, B., Autry, C. W., & Petersen, K. J. (2014). A contingent resource‐based perspective of supply chain resilience and robustness. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(3), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12050
11. Brewton, K. E., Danes, S. M., Stafford, K., & Haynes, G. W. (2010). Determinants of rural and urban family firm resilience. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(3), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.08.003
12. Bruhn, M., Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Singer, D. (2023). Competition and firm recovery post-COVID-19. Small Business Economics, 61(4), 1555-1586.
13. Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: Comparative approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. International Journal of Testing, 1(1), 55-86.
14. Calabrò, A., Frank, H., Minichilli, A., & Suess-Reyes, J. (2021). Business families in times of crises: The backbone of family firm resilience and continuity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 12(2), 100442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2021.100442
15. Çetin, A. (2018). Örgütsel dayanıklılık. İçinde; Örgütsel davranış odaklı yönetsel yaklaşımlar. Ed. Aydoğan, E. Gazi Kitabevi.
16. Collis, D. J., & Anand, B. N. (2019). The limitations of dynamic capabilities. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Business School.
17. Dash, G.; Paul, J. CB-SEM vs. PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 2021, 173, 121092.
18. Dovbischuk, I. (2022). Innovation-oriented dynamic capabilities of logistics service providers, dynamic resilience and firm performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 33(2), 499-519. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-01-2021-0059
19. Eisenhardt, K.M. & Martin, J.A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1105–1121.
20. Ellström, D., Holtström, J., Berg, E., & Josefsson, C. (2021). Dynamic capabilities for digital transformation. Journal of Strategy and Management, 15(2), 272-286. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-04-2021-0089
21. Essuman, D., Boso, N. & Annan, J. (2020). Operational resilience, disruption, and efficiency: Conceptual and empirical analyses. International Journal of Production Economic, 229, (2020), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107762
22. Felin, T., & Powell, T. C. (2016). Designing organizations for dynamic capabilities. California Management Review, 58(4), 78-96. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.4.78
23. Fornell, C.; Larcker, D. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variable and measurement error. J. Mark. Res. 1981, 18, 39–50.
24. George, D. & Mallery, M. (2001). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 10.0 update. Allyn and Bacon.
25. Gupta, A. (2023). R&D and firm resilience during bad times. Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics.
26. Gürbüz, S. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri (2. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
27. Hair J. F. Jr., Anderson R. E., Tatham R. L. & Black W. C. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. Macmillan.
28. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education.
29. Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1352100
30. Helfat, C.E. (1997). Know-how and asset complementarity and dynamic capability accumulation: The case of R&D. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 339–360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3088165
31. Hohenstein N-O, Feisel E, Hartmann E, & Giunipero L (2015). Research on the phenomenon of supply chain resilience. Int J Phys Distr Log, 45, 90–117. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-05-2013-0128
32. Iftikhar, A., Purvis, L., & Giannoccaro, I. (2021). A meta-analytical review of antecedents and outcomes of firm resilience. Journal of Business Research, 135, 408-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.06.048
33. Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., Sokolov, B. & Ivanova, M. (2017), Literature review on disruption recovery in the supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 55(20), 6158-6174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1330572
34. Jüttner, U. & Maklan, S. (2011). Supply chain resilience in the global financial crisis: An empirical study. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 16(4), 246-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541111139062
35. Kähkönen, A. K., Evangelista, P., Hallikas, J., Immonen, M., & Lintukangas, K. (2023). COVID-19 as a trigger for dynamic capability development and supply chain resilience improvement. International Journal of Production Research, 61(8), 2696-2715.
36. Karahan, M. (2017). Denetim raporlarının yayınlanma süresini etkileyen faktörler BİST 100 endeksinde yer alan şirketler üzerine ampirik bir uygulama. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research. 4(15), 1819-1830. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.262
37. Kilubi, I. & Haasis, H.-D. (2015). Supply chain risk management enablers - a framework development through systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2015. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 10 (1), 35-54.
38. Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
39. Kocaay, F., Demir, B. T., & Biçer, B. K. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinde internet, sosyal medya ve oyun bağımlılığının değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer, 12(3), 511-519. https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1130278
40. Kochan, C.G. & Nowicki, D.R. (2018). Supply chain resilience: A systematic literature review and typological framework. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 48(8), 842-865. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-02-2017-0099
41. Kyrdoda, Y., Balzano, M., & Marzi, G. (2023). Learn to survive crises: The role of firm resilience, innovation capabilities and environmental dynamism. Technology in Society, 74, 102285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102285
42. Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E. & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001
43. Li, D. Y. & Liu, J. (2014). Dynamic capabilities, environmental dynamism, and competitive advantage: Evidence from China. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), 2793-2799 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.08.007
44. Li, L., Wang, Z., Ye, F., Chen, L., & Zhan, Y. (2022). Digital technology deployment and firm resilience: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Industrial Marketing Management, 105, 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.06.002
45. Linnenluecke, M. K. & Grıffıths, A. (2010). Beyond adaptation: Resilience for business in light of climate change and weather extremes. Business & Society, 49 (3), 477- 511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650310368814
46. Macdonald, J.R., Zobel, C.W., Melnyk, S.A. & Grifs, S.E. (2018) Supply chain risk and resilience: Theory building through structured experiments and Simulation. Int J Prod Res 56, 4337–4355. https://doi. org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1421787
47. Mahto, R. V., Llanos-Contreras, O., & Hebles, M. (2022). Post-disaster recovery for family firms: The role of owner motivations, firm resources, and dynamic capabilities. Journal of Business Research, 145, 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.089
48. Orlando, B., Tortora, D., Pezzi, A., & Bitbol-Saba, N. (2022). The disruption of the international supply chain: Firm resilience and knowledge preparedness to tackle the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of International Management, 28(1), 100876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100876
49. Parast, M. M., Sabahi, S., & Kamalahmadi, M. (2019). The relationship between firm resilience to supply chain disruptions and firm innovation. Revisiting Supply Chain Risk, 279-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03813-7_17
50. Penrose, E.T. (1959). The theory of the growth of the firm. John Wiley.
51. Polyviou, M., Croxton, K. L., & Knemeyer, A. M. (2020). Resilience of medium-sized firms to supply chain disruptions: The role of internal social capital. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 40(1), 68-91. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-09-2017-0530
52. Ponomarov, S.Y. & Holcomb, M.C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 20(1), 124-143. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090910954873
53. Preacher, K. J. & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717-731. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206553
54. Priem, R.L. & Butler, J.E. (2001a). Is the resource-based ‘view’ a useful perspective for strategic management research? Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/259392
55. Priem, R.L. & Butler, J.E. (2001b). Tautology in the resource-based view and the implications of externally determined resource value: Further comments. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.2307/259394
56. Pu, G., Li, S. & Bai, J. (2023). Effect of supply chain resilience on firm’s sustainable competitive advantage: a dynamic capability perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 4881–4898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22483-1
57. Ridder, A. K. (2012). External dynamic capabilities: Creating competitive advantage in innovation via external resource renewal. Academy Management Proceeding, 1-48. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.10356abstract
58. Ruel, S., & El Baz, J. (2023). Disaster readiness’ influence on the impact of supply chain resilience and robustness on firms’ financial performance: A COVID-19 empirical investigation. International Journal of Production Research, 61(8), 2594-2612.
59. Sabahi, S., & Parast, M. M. (2020). Firm innovation and supply chain resilience: A dynamic capability perspective. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 23(3), 254-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2019.1683522
60. Schoemaker, P.J., Day, G.S. & Snyder, S.A. (2013). Integrating organizational networks, weak signals, strategic radars and scenario planning. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80 (4), 815-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.10.020
61. Sinha, R., & Ola, A. (2021). Enhancing business community disaster resilience. A structured literature review of the role of dynamic capabilities. Continuity & Resilience Review, 3(2), 132-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/CRR-03-2021-0009
62. Stadtfeld, G. M., & Gruchmann, T. (2024). Dynamic capabilities for supply chain resilience: A meta-review. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 35(2), 623-648. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-09-2022-0373
63. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
64. Tatlı, H.S. (2022). Dinamik yeteneklerin inşasında örgüt içi güç ilişkilerinin rolü. (Doktora Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi.
65. Teece, D. J. (2018). Business models and dynamic capabilities. Long range planning, 51(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.06.007
66. Teece, D.J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640
67. Teece, D.J., & Pisano, G., (1994). The dynamic capabilities of forms: An introduction. Ind Corp Chang, 3, 537–556. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/3.3.537-a
68. Torres, R., Sidorova, A. & Jones, M. C. (2018). Enabling firm performance through business ıntelligence and analytics: A dynamic capabilities perspective. Information & Management, 55(7), 822-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2018.03.010
69. Tukamuhabwa, B.R., Stevenson, M., Busby, J. & Zorzini, M. (2015). Supply chain resilience: Definition, review and theoretical foundations for further study. International Journal of Production Research, 53(18), 5592-5623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1037934
70. Uysal, İ., & Kılıç, A. (2022). Normal dağilim ikilemi. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 12(1), 220-248. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.962653
71. Wall, T., & Bellamy, L. (2019). Redressing small firm resilience: Exploring owner-manager resources for resilience. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(2), 269-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-02-2018-1364
72. Wang, C. L., & Ahmed, P. K. (2007). Dynamic capabilities: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00201.x
73. Weaven, S., Quach, S., Thaichon, P., Frazer, L., Billot, K., & Grace, D. (2021). Surviving an economic downturn: Dynamic capabilities of SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 128, 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.009
74. Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5, 795-815. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2486175
75. Winter, S.G. (2003). Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 991-995. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20060593
76. Xi, M., Liu, Y., Fang, W., & Feng, T. (2024). Intelligent manufacturing for strengthening operational resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A dynamic capability theory perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 267, 109078.
77. Yu, W., Jacobs, M. A., Chavez, R., & Yang, J. (2019). Dynamism, disruption orientation, and resilience in the supply chain and the impacts on financial performance: A dynamic capabilities perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 218, 352-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.07.013
78. Zhang, S., Sun, Q., Dai, L. & Wang, X. (2023). Turn calamities into blessings: the impact of resource reconfiguration and firm resilience on the company's recovery and growth in the COVID-19 times. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36(2), 257-272. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-04-2022-0115