YENİ KAMU YÖNETİMİ VE GÜVENLİK HİZMETLERİNE VATANDAŞ KATILIMI: KAHRAMANMARAŞ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2016, , 0 - 0, 15.04.2016

Murat Gözübenli

https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.37408

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Yeni Kamu Yönetimi (YKY) anlayışının en önemli unsurlarından biri olan vatandaş katılımını güvenlik hizmetleri açısından araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş İl Emniyet Müdürlüğü tarafından toplum destekli polislik kapsamında 18 Aralık 2012 ile 21 Ocak 2104 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen 1,718 vatandaş vatandaşın katıldığı 64 adet Huzur ve Bilgi Paylaşım Toplantısı incelenmiştir. Sivil toplum kuruluşlarının, diğer kamu kurumlarının ve vatandaşların toplantılara aktif olarak katıldığı ve bu katılım mekanizmasını faydalı buldukları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın yazarının da katılımcı-gözlemci olarak dâhil olduğu toplantılarda, katılımcıların sadece polisiye konularda değil, belediye ve diğer kamu kurumlarının hizmet alanlarına girse bile güvenlik sorunu olarak gördükleri her türlü konularla ilgili şikâyet, talep ve beklentilerini ilettikleri gözlemlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

• Abramson, M. A., Breul, J. D., & Kamensky, J. M. (2006). Six Trends Transforming Government. Washington, DC: IBM Center for the Business of Government.
• Akdoğan, H. (2014). Yeni Kamu Hizmeti Anlayışının Güvenlik Yönetiminde Uygulama Alanları. Türk İdare Dergisi, 478, 359-380.
• Aydın, A. H. (2001). Postmodern Toplumda Polisin İşlevi. İbrahim Cerrah ve Emin Semiz (Ed.), Türkiye’de Suç ve Polislik içinde (s. 73-88). Ankara: Güner Matbaacılık.
• Aydın, A. H. (2006). Kamu Yönetimi ve Polis. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
• Banger, G. (2011). Sivil Toplum Örgütleri İçin Yönetişim Rehberi. Ankara: Odak Ofset Matbaacılık.
• Barnes, M., Newman, J., Knops, A., & Sullivan, H. (2003). Constituting the Public in Public Participation. Public Administration, 81 (2), p. 379-399.
• Berman, E. M. (1997). Dealing with Cynical Citizens. Public Administration Review, 57(2), 105-112.
• Blake, G., Diamond, J., Foot, J., Gidley, B., Mayo, M., Shukra, K., & Yarnit, M. (2008). Community Engagement and Community Cohesion. London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
• Boschken, H. L. (1994). Organizational Performance and Multiple Constituencies. Public Administration Review, 54(3), 308-312.
• Bryer, T. A., & Sahin, I. (2012). Administrators as Deliberative Representatives: A Revised Public Service Role. International Journal of Public Administration, 35(14), 925-933.
• Bryer, T. A. (2008). Warning: The Hollow State can be Deadly. Public Administration Review, 68(3), 587-590.
• Bryer, T. A. (2009). Explaining Responsiveness in Collaboration: Administrator and Citizen Role Perceptions. Public Administration Review, 69 (2), 271-283.
• Bryson, J. M. (1995). Strategic Planning for Public and Non-Profit Organizations. USA: Jossey-Bass,
• Butterfield, R., Edwards, C. & Woodall, J. (2005). The New Public Management and Managerial Roles: The Case of the Police Sergeant, British Journal of Management, 16(4), 329-341.
• Callahan, K. (2007). Citizen Participation: Models and Methods. Journal of Public Administration, 30, 1179–1196.
• Casey, L. (2008). Engaging Communities in Fighting Crime. London:Cabinet Office, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/18_06_08_caseyreport.pdf
• Cerrah, İ. & Semiz, E. (2001). Türkiye’de Suç ve Polislik. Ankara: Asa Kitabevi.
• Cerrah, İ. (2000). 21.Yüzyılda Polis: Temel Sorunlar-Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Sibel Matbaası,
• Cerrah, İ. (2011). Demokratik Toplumlarda İç Güvenlik. Ankara: Polis Akademisi Yayınları.
• Cinoğlu, H., & Sever, M. (2011). Terörle Mücadelede Toplum Destekli Polislik Uygulamalarının Etkinliği. Suçla Mücadelede Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar: Toplum Destekli Polislik Teori ve Uygulamaları içinde (s. 23-41). Ankara: Polis Akademisi Yayınları.
• Cooper, T. L., & Bryer, T. A. & Meek, J. M. (2006). Citizen‐centered Collaborative Public Management. Public Administration Review, 66(1), 76-88.
• Cordner, G. (2002). Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police. U.S. Department of Justice Office of COPS, http://www.popcenter.org/library/reading/pdfs/ReducingFearGuide.pdf
• Cordner, G. W. (1997). Community Policing: Elements and Effects. Roger G Dunham and Geoffrey P. Alpert (Ed.). In Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings. (pp.451-468). Waveland, IL: Prospect Heights.
• Creasy, S. (2007). Participation Nation: Reconnecting Citizens to the Public Realm. London: Involve.
• Crosby, N., Kelly, J. M., & Schaefer, P. (1986). Citizens Panels: A New Approach to Citizen Participation. Public Administration Review, 46, 170-178.
• Çukurçayır, M. A. (2003). Yurttaş Odaklı Yerel Yönetim. Ankara: Çizgi Kitabevi.
• Dalgleish, D., & Myhill, A. (2004). Reassuring the Public: A Review of the International Policing Interventions. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, http://tna.europarchive.org/20071104144843/homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/hors284.pdf
• Delice, M., & Duman, A. (2012). Toplum Destekli Polislik Kapsamında Halkın Polis Algısının Ölçülmesi: Erzurum İli Örneği. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(2), 1-31.
• Denhardt, R. B., & Denhardt, J. V. (2000). The New Public Service: Serving Rather than Steering. Public Administration Review, 60(6), 549-559.
• Derdiman, R. C. (2010). Kentleşmenin Suça Etkisi ve Kentlilerin Suçla Mücadelesinin Sosyalve Hukukî Boyutları. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi, 19(3), 49-73.
• Diamond, L. (1994). Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic Consolidation. Journal of Democracy, 5, 4–18.
• Ebdon, C., & Franklin, A. L. (2006). Citizen Participation in Budgeting Theory. Public Administration Review, 66(3), 437-447.
• Ebdon, C. (2000). The Relationship Between Citizen İnvolvement in the Budget Process and City Structure and Culture. Public Productivity & Management Review, 23(3), 383-393.
• Ebdon, C. (2002). Beyond the Public Hearing: Citizen Participation in the Local Government Budget Process. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, 14(2), 273-294.
• Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü (2007). Toplum Destekli Polislik. Ankara: Başkent Ofset.
• Ferraro, K. F. (1996). Women’s Fear of Victimization: Shadow of Sexual Assault? Social Forces, 75, 667-690.
• Field, J. (2003). Social Capital. London: Routledge,
• Firsby, M., & Bowman, M. (1996). What We Have Here is a Failure to Communicate. The Case for Citizen Involvement in Decision Making’’ ICMA (Eds.), In The Future of Local Govermnemt: Involving Citinzens in Community Decision Making (pp. A1- A5). Wasington, D.C.: ICMA.
• Fisher, B. S., & Sloan J. J. (2003). Unraveling the Fear of Victimization Among College Women: Is the Shadow Of Sexual Assault Hypothesis Supported?.Justice Quarterly, 20(3), 633-659.
• Franklin, A. L., & Ebdon, C. (2002). Citizen Participation: Looks Good on Paper but Hard to do. In Practice, Annual Meeting of the ABFM Conference, Kansas City, MO. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/aspa/unpan005971.pdf
• Fung, A. (2006). Varieties of Participation in Complex Governance. Public Administration Review, 66(1), 66-75.
• Garland, D. (2001). The Culture of Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Genç N. F. (2010). Yeni Kamu Hizmeti Yaklaşımı. Türk İdare Dergisi, 466 (Mart 2010), 145-159.
• Goldstein, H. (1987). Toward Community Oriented Policing: Potential, Basic Requirements, and Threshold Questions. Crime and Delinquency, 31(1), 6-30.
• Goldstein, H. (1990). Problem-oriented Policing. New York: McGraw Hill.
• Greene, H. T. (1993). Community-Oriented Policing in Florida. American Journal of Police,12, 141-155.
• Greene, J. R. (2000). Community Policing in America: Changing the Nature, Structure, and Function of the Police, Criminal Justice, 3, 299-370.
• Grinc, R. (1994). Angels in Marble: Problems in Stimulating Community Involvement in Community Policing. Crime and Delinquency, 40(3), 437-468.
• Gurwitt, R. (1992). A Government that Runs on Citizen Power. Governing, 6(3), 48-54.
• Gültekin, S., & Gültekin, R. (2011). Toplum Destekli Polislik: Sorun mu Çözüm mü? Türk İdare Dergisi, 470, 93-112.
• Hatry, H. P., & Blair, L. H. (1976). Citizen Surveys for Local Governments: A Copout, Manipulative Tool, or a Policy Guidance and Analysis Aid?.Policy & Politics, 4(4), 129-140.
• Haynie, D. L. (1998). The Gender Gap in Fear of Crime, 1973-1994: A Methodological Approach. Criminal Justice Review, 23(1), 29-50.
• Hirschi, T. (1998). Social Bond Theory. Criminological Theory: Past to Present. Los Angeles: Roxbury.
• Hood, C. (1991). A Public Management for all Seasons?.Public Administration, 69, 3-19.
• Hornbein, R., & King, C. S. (2012). Should We be Teaching Public Participation? Student Responses and MPA Program Practices. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 18(4), 717–737.
• Hummel, R. H., & Stivers, C. M. (1998). Government Isn’t Us: The Possibility of Democratic Knowledge in Representative Government”. In C. S. King and C. Stivers (Eds.), Government is Us: Public Administration in an Anti-Government Era. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Innes, M. (2014). Strategic Police-Community Engagement: A Report to the Scottish Police Authority. Scottish Police Authority Report, http://www.spa.police.uk/assets/128635/consultationandengagement
• Irvin, R. A., & Stansbury, J. (2004). Citizen Participation in Decision Making: Is it Worth the Effort? Public Administration Review, 64(1), 55-65.
• Jones, T., & Newburn, T. (2007). Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice. Maidenhead: Open University Press
• Kaptan, S. (1998). Bilimsel Araştırma ve İstatistik Teknikleri (11.Baskı). Ankara: Tek Işık Web Ofset.
• Kathlene L. & Martin, J. A. (1991). Enhancing Citizen Participation: Panel Designs, Perspectives, and Policy Formation. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 10(1), 46–63.
• Kavgacı, H. İ. (1997). Demokratik Polislik Temel Yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Maset Maatbacılık.
• King, C. S.,& Stivers, C. (1998), Government is us: Public Administration in an Anti-government Era, Thosand Oaks, California: SAGE.
• King, C. S., & Feltey, K. M. & SuselKing, B. O. (1998). The Question of Participation: Toward Authentic Public Participation in Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 58(4), 317–326.
• Liao, Y. & Zhang, Y. (2012) .Citizen Participation in Local Budgeting: Mechanisms, Political Support, and City Manager’s Moderating Role. International Review of Public Administration, 17(2), 19-38.
• Lloyd, K. & Foster, J. (2009). Citizen Focus and Community Engagement. A Review of the Literature: The Police Foundation, http://www.policefoundation.org.uk/uploads/catalogerfiles/citizen-focus-and-community-engagement-a-review-of-the-literature/citizen_focus.pdf
• Loader, I. (2000). Plural Policing and Democratic Governance. Social & Legal Studies, 9(3), 323-345.
• Lowndes, V., Pratchett, L., & Stoker, G. (2001). Trends in Public Participation: Part 1–Local Government Perspectives. Public Administration, 79(1), 205-222.
• Lukensmeyer, C., & Torres, H. (2006). Public Deliberation: A Manager’s Guide to Citizen Engagement”, IMB Center for The Business of Government, https://www.whitehouse.gov/files/documents/ostp/opengov_inbox/ibmpubdelib.pdf
• Mark, M. M., & Shotland, R. L. (1985). Stakeholder-based Evaluation and Value Judgments. Evaluation Review, 9(5), 605-626.
• Marschall, M. J. (2004). Citizen Participation and the Neighborhood Context: A New Look at the Coproduction of Local Public Goods. Political Research Quarterly, 57(2), 231-244.
• Mohan, G. (2007). Participatory Development: From Epistemological Reversals to Active Citizenship. Geography Compass, 1(4), 779-796.
• Moynihan, D. P. (2003). Normative and Instrumental Perspectives on Public Participation Citizen Summits in Washington, DC. The American Review of Public Administration, 33(2), 164-188.
• Myhill, A. (2012). Community Engagement in Policing: Lessons from the Literature.London: Home Office, http://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Documents/Community_engagement_lessons.pdf
• Neyroud, P. (2001). Public Participation in Policing. London: IPPR.
• Osborne, D., & Gaebler, T. (1992), Reinventing Government. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
• Reich, R. B. (1985). Public Administration and Public Deliberation: An Interpretive Essay”, The Yale Law Journal, 94(7), 1617-1641.
• Roberts, N. (2004). Public Deliberation in an Age of Direct Citizen Participation. The American Review of Public Administration, 34(4), 315-353.
• Roh, S., & Oliver, W. M. (2005). Effects of Community Policing Upon Fear of Crime: Understanding the Causal Linkage. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 28(4), 670-683.
• Rosenbaum, D. P., Schuck, A. M., Costello, S. K., Hawkins, D. & Ring, M. K. (2005). Attitudes Toward the Police: The Effects of Direct and Vicarious Experience. Police Quarterly, 8(3), 343-365.
• Roussell, A., & Gascon, L. D. (2014). Defining “Policeability: Cooperation, Control and Resistance in South Los Angeles Community-Police Meetings. Social Problems, 61(2), 237-258.
• Sahin, İ. (2014). Governance Tools in Public Administration and Emergent Trends: Contracting, Citizen Participation and Networks. International Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 1082-1103.
• Scheider, M. C., Rowell, T., & Bezdikian, V. (2003). The Impact of Citizen Perceptions of Community Policing on Fear of Crime: Findings from Twelve Cities. Police Quarterly, 6(4), 363-386.
• Seyhan, K. (2002). Polislik ve Suçun Önlenmesi. Hasan H. Çevik ve Turgut Göksu (Ed.), Türkiye’de Devlet, Toplum ve Polis içinde (s.173-197).Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Sherman, L., Farrington, D., Welsh, B. & Mackenzie, D. is (2002). Evidence-Based Crime Prevention. London and New York: Routledge.
• Skogan W. G. (2003). Community Policing:Can It Work? Belmond, CA:Wadsworth Company.
• Skogan, W. G., & Hartnett, S. M. (1997). Community Policing, Chicago Style. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Skogan, W. G. (1994). The Impact of Community Policing on Neighborhood Residents: A Cross-site Analysis. In D. P. Rosenbaum (Ed.), The Challenge of Community Policing: Testing the Promises (pp. 167-181). London: Sage.
• Skolnick, J. H., & Bayley, D. H. (1986). The New Blue Line: Police Innovation in Six American Cities, New York: The Free Press.
• Stivers, C. (1994). The Listening Bureaucrat: Responsiveness in Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 54(4), 364-369.
• Trojanowicz, R. C., & Bucqueroux, B. (1990). Community Policing: A Contemporary Perspective. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Company.
• Tuffin, R., & Morris, J., & Poole, A. P. (2006). An Evaluation of the Impact of the National Reassurance Policing Programme. London: Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, Home Office,
• Türker, M. (1999). Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde Mahalli İdareler, Dünyada Mahalli İdareler. Ankara: İçişleri Bakanlığı Mahalli İdareler Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları,
• USAK (Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu) (2014). İstanbul Kent Güvenliği. Ankara: USAK Yayınları.
• Wang, X. (2001). Assessing Public Participation in U.S. Cities. Public Performance & Management Review, 24(4), 322–336.
• Wells, W., Joseph A., Schafer, V., Sean P. & Bynum, T. S. (2006). Neighborhood Residents’ Production of Order: The Effects of Collective Efficacy on Responses to Neighborhood Problems. Crime & Delinquency, 52(4), 523-550.
• Wilson, J. Q., & Kelling, G. (1982). Broken Windows and Neighborhood Safety. Atlantic Monthly, 249(3), 29-38.
• Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Zeren, H. E. & Özmen, A. (2010). Halkın Belediye Faaliyetlerine Katılma Duyarlılığı ve Hizmet Memnuniyeti: Karaman Belediyesi Örneği. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(19), 165-173.