Health behaviors changing and attitudes about restriction measures in people who applied to a hospital outpatient clinic during the pandemic period and the factors they were associated with

Öz

It was aimed to examine that firstly changes in health behaviors that are including physical activity, healthy eating, change in the amount of cigarettes smoked, and secondly attitudes regarding restriction measures during pandemic with their associated factors. It was conducted by applying a face-to-face interview technique to individuals over the age of 18 who applied to an university hospital outpatient clinics. 1081 (86.4%) people were reached. An attitude score was obtained by scoring the answers to the questions created to evaluate the attitudes about the restraint measures, with higher values indicating more support. 6.5% of the participants stated that the level of physical activity increased, 62.1% decreased; 22% stated that they have a healthier diet, 17.9% stated that they have a more unhealthy diet. 9.9% of smokers stated that the amount of cigarettes they smoked decreased, while 30% stated that it increased. According to regression model, the risk of decreased physical activity level is higher in the highest income group (OR; 95% CI: 1.629;1.013-2.619), and in those were catching COVID-19 (1.451; 1.0149-2.076). This risk is increased in groups concerned about the transmission of COVID-19, except for those who are partially concerned. This risk is lower in different age groups, including the age group of 36-65, compared to the 18-25 age group. The risk of more unhealthy diets is lower in different age groups, which includes 46 years and older. People with a history of catching COVID-19 have a higher risk of increased cigarette smoking (2.205; 1.318-3.689). The restrictions that the participants think are very necessary or necessary at a lower rate are the curfew with 61%, the closure of schools with 66%. Those who consider it very necessary or partially necessary for all of the other restriction measures evaluated are over 70%. Attitude score increases from the group with no worries to the group who is very worried about the transmission of COVID-19 (p<0,001). It is seen that there is a significant deterioration in health behaviors during the pandemic period. It may be recommended to organize health promotion programs that primarily consider higher-risk groups for negative behavioral changes. The high support of restriction measures may be the factor that played a role in the success of these practices in suppressing the epidemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• pandemic
• health behaviours
• restriction measures

PANDEMİ DÖNEMİNDE BİR HASTANE POLİKLİNİĞİNE BAŞVURAN KİŞİLERDE SAĞLIK DAVRANIŞLARI DEĞİŞİMİ VE KISITLAMA ÖNLEMLERİ HAKKINDAKİ TUTUMLAR İLE İLİŞKİLİ OLDUKLARI FAKTÖRLER

Öz

Pandemi döneminde fiziksel aktivite, sağlıklı beslenme, içilen sigara miktarında değişimi içeren sağlık davranışları değişimi ve kısıtlama önlemleri hakkındaki tutumlar ile bunların ilişkili oldukları faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bir üniversite hastanesi polikliniklerine başvuran 18 yaş üstü bireylerde yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile anket uygulanarak yürütülmüş, 1081(%86,4) kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Kısıtlama önlemleri hakkındaki tutumları değerlendirmek üzere oluşturulan sorulara verilen cevaplar, yüksek değerler daha çok desteklemeyi belirtecek biçimde puanlanarak tutum skoru elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %6,5’i fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin arttığını, %62,1’i azaldığını; %22’si daha sağlıklı beslendiğini, %17,9’u daha sağlıksız beslendiğini belirtmiştir. Sigara içenlerin %9,9’u içtikleri sigara miktarının azaldığını, %30’u arttığını belirtmiştir. Lojistik regresyon modeline göre, fiziksel aktivite düzeyinde azalma riski, en üst gelir grubunda (OR; %95 GA: 1,629; 1,013-2,619) ve COVID-19 geçirenlerde (1,451; 1,149-2,076) daha yüksektir. Bu risk, kısmen endişeli olanlar hariç, COVID-19 bulaşından endişeli olan gruplarda artmakta,18-25 yaş grubuna göre ise, 36-65 arasını içeren farklı yaş gruplarında daha azalmaktadır. Daha sağlıksız beslenme riski 46 yaş ve üzerini içeren farklı yaş gruplarında daha düşüktür. COVID-19 geçirme öyküsü olanlarda içilen sigara miktarında artış riski daha yüksektir (2,205; 1,318-3,689). Katılımcıların daha düşük oranda çok gerekli ya da gerekli olduklarını düşündükleri kısıtlama uygulamaları %61’le sokağa çıkma yasağı, %66’ıyla okulların kapatılmasıdır. İncelenen diğer kısıtlama önlemlerinin tümü için çok gerekli ya da kısmen gerekli olduğunu düşünenler %70’in üzerindedir. Tutum skoru COVID-19 bulaşından hiç endişesi olmayan gruptan, çok endişeli gruba doğru artmaktadır (p<0,001). Pandemi döneminde sağlık davranışlarında önemli derecede kötüleşme yaşandığı görülmektedir. Davranış değişimleri için daha yüksek riskli grupları öncelikle dikkate alan sağlığı geliştirme programları düzenlenmesi önerilebilir. Kısıtlama uygulamalarının yüksek oranda desteklenmesi, bu uygulamaların salgını baskılamada başarılı olmasında rol oynayan bir faktör olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• pandemi
• sağlık davranışları
• kısıtlama önlemleri

Kaynakça

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