AIR POLLUTION AND COVID-19

Öz

COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world and has caused socio-economic damage as a major public health problem. Risk factors; when grouped as sociodemographic, medical condition, and environmental exposures; one of the environmental risk factors is air pollution; It is thought that it may play an important role in increasing the sensitivity of the population to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Measures that restrict human mobility, such as a curfew; considering the decrease in food, entertainment, industry, mining, transportation, and trade activities, it can be predicted that air pollutants may have a reducing effect on their emissions. Studies have shown that increases in the main pollutant parameters used when assessing air quality are a facilitator of transmission, the course, and results of the disease, viral transmission, and an increase in the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In the examination of the factors used in calculating the R0 coefficient for COVID-19, air pollution; is seen that it has effects on contact rate, transmission route, and the infected period. Some people who also have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease with long-term exposure to a high concentration of particulate matter receive treatment for high blood pressure. The angiotensin-converting enzyme acts as an entry point into cells for some coronaviruses. ACE inhibitors and ARB used to treat high blood pressure have both been shown to increase the amount of ACE2 and therefore may increase the severity of coronavirus infections. Professional societies recommend continuing standard-ACEinhibitor and ARB therapy. Effective public health interventions have been made because the implementation of restrictions generally reduces the amount of activity-related pollutants, and in the process also reduces people's exposure to air pollutants. By health professionals; evidence-based studies should be conducted and shared to prevent air pollution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• public health
• air pollution
• coronavirus
• particulate matter

HAVA KİRLİLİĞİ VE COVID-19

Öz

Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı-2019 hızla dünyaya yayılmış ve büyük bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak, sosyal ve ekonomik zararlara neden olmuştur. Risk faktörleri; sosyodemografi, tıbbi durum ve çevresel maruziyetler şeklinde gruplandığında; çevresel risk faktörlerinden biri de hava kirliliğidir; nüfusun COVID-19 patogenezine olan duyarlılığının artmasında önemli rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Sokağa çıkma yasağı gibi insan hareketliliğini kısıtlayan önlemlerin; yemek, eğlence, endüstri, madencilik, ulaşım ve ticaret faaliyetlerinin azalması dikkate alındığında hava kirleticilerinin emisyonu üzerinde azaltıcı etki gösterebileceği öngörülebilir. Hava kalitesi değerlendirilirken kullanılan ana kirletici parametrelerin artışlarının bulaş, hastalığın seyri ve sonuçları üzerinde, viral iletimde kolaylaştırıcı olduğu, solunum ve kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini arttırdığı çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. COVID-19 için R0 katsayısı hesaplanırken kullanılan faktörlerin incelenmesinde hava kirliliğinin; temas oranı, bulaş yolu, enfekte dönem üzerinde etkileri olduğu görülmektedir. Yüksek partikül madde konsantrasyonuna uzun süreli maruziyet ile kardiyovasküler hastalık riskleri de artmış olan bazı insanlar yüksek kan basıncı nedeniyle tedavi almaktadır. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2), bazı korona virüsler için hücrelere giriş noktası görevini üstlenir. Yüksek kan basıncını tedavi etmek için kullanılan ACE inhibitörleri ve anjiyotensin reseptör blokerlerinin (ARB'lerin) ikisinin de ACE2 miktarını arttırdığı ve bu nedenle koronavirüs enfeksiyonlarının şiddetini arttırabileceği gösterilmiştir. Profesyonel topluluklar standart ACE inhibitörü ve ARB tedavisine devam edilmesini önermektedir. Kısıtlamaların uygulanması ile genel olarak faaliyet kaynaklı kirleticilerin miktarının azalması ve bu süreçte insanların hava kirleticilerine maruz kalmalarının da azalmasından dolayı etkili halk sağlığı müdahaleleri yapılmıştır. Sağlık profesyonellerince; hava kirliliğini önlemeye yönelik kanıt temelli çalışmalar yapılmalı ve paylaşılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• halk sağlığı
• hava kirliliği
• koronavirüs
• partikül madde

Kaynakça

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