KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE ON BREAST SELF EXAMINATION AMONG FEMALES IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Öz

Breast self-examination (BSE) is recommended by the World Health Organization for resource-limited countries for the early detection and management of breast cancer. This study will assess the knowledge attitude, and practice of breast self-examination among adult females living in Addis Ababa. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2022 among adult females in Addis Ababa. Structured questionnaires were entered into Google form and then shared using different social media, 302 participants were obtained. IBM SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. The total score for knowledge and attitude was 18 and 5 respectively, those who scored above average were considered as having good knowledge and attitude. 60.6%of participants were between the age of twenty and forty, and 62.2% of respondents were graduated from high school or undergraduate level. Knowledge of the respondents about breast cancer was significantly different by religion (p<0.001), educational level (p<0.001), and profession (p<0.001). Those who perform BSE were having good knowledge about breast cancer compared with those who did not perform. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants were not significantly related to the attitude towards breast cancer. BSE showed a significant association with educational level and profession. 22.6% of participants had good knowledge regarding BSE, the majority of respondents had knowledge about signs and symptoms but the least of respondents had knowledge about the risk factor of breast cancer. 69.9% had a good attitude toward BSE, 48.7% of respondents had performed BSE in the previous year and among them, 19.46% practiced monthly, the major reason for not performing BSE was lack of technique to perform.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Breast self-examination
• Breast cancer
• Knowledge
• Attitude
• practice
• Addis Ababa

Etiyopya, Addis Ababa’da kadınlarda kendi kendine meme muayenesi bilgi, tutum ve davranışlar

Öz

Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi (KKMM) meme kanserinin erken teşhisi ve tedavisi için kaynakları kısıtlı ülkelerde dünya sağlık örgütü tarafından önerilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Addis Ababa'da yaşayan yetişkin kadınların bilgi, tutumunu ve kendi kendine meme muayenesi uygulamasını değerlendirecektir. Mart 2022'de Addis Ababa'da yetişkin kadınlar arasında toplum temelli bir kesitsel çalışma yapılmıştır. Yapılandırılmış anketler Google formuna girilmiş ve daha sonra farklı sosyal medya kaynakları kullanılarak paylaşılmıştır ve 302 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Analiz için IBM SPSS sürüm 26 kullanılmıştır. Bilgi ve tutum toplam puanı sırasıyla 18 ve 5 olup ortalamanın üzerinde puan alanlar iyi bilgi ve tutuma sahip olarak kabul edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %60,6'sı yirmi ile kırk yaş arasındaydı, %62,2'si lise veya lisans düzeyini tamamlamıştı. Ankete katılanların meme kanseri hakkındaki bilgileri dine göre önemli ölçüde farklılık göstermiştir. KKMM uygulayanlar uygulamayanlara göre meme kanseri hakkında daha iyi bilgi sahibiydiler. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri ile meme kanserine karşı tutum arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. KKMM, eğitim düzeyi ve meslek ile önemli bir ilişki göstermiştir. Katılımcıların %22,6'sı KKMM konusunda iyi bilgiye sahipti, yanıt verenlerin çoğunluğu belirti ve semptomlar hakkında bilgi sahibiydi, ancak katılımcılardan çok azının meme kanserinin risk faktörleri hakkında bilgisi vardı. %69.9’u KKMM'ye karşı iyi bir tutuma sahipti, yanıt verenlerin %48.7'si bir önceki yıl KKMM yapmıştı, bunların %19.46'sı KKMM’ni aylık uygulamıştı. KKMM uygulamamanın başlıca nedeni de uygulama tekniğinin bilinmemesiydi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Addis Ababa
• kendi kendine meme muayenesi
• meme kanseri
• bilgi
• tutum
• pratik

Kaynakça

1. 1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, Soerjomataram I. The ever-increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer [Internet]. 2021 Aug 15 [cited 2022 Jan 25];127(16):3029–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/340863 48/
2. 2. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49.
3. 3. Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia Disease Prevention and Control Directorate National Cancer Control Plan. 2016;
4. 4. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J cancer [Internet]. 2019 Apr 15 [cited 2022 Jan 26];144(8):1941–53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/303503 10/
5. 5. Memirie ST, Habtemariam MK, Asefa M, Deressa BT, Abayneh G, Tsegaye B, et al. Estimates of cancer incidence in Ethiopia in 2015 using population-based registry data. J Glob Oncol. 2018 Mar 1;2018(4):1–11.
6. 6. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J cancer [Internet]. 2015 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Jan 26];136(5):E359–86. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/252208 42/
7. 7. Experience of initial symptoms of breast cancer and triggers for action in ethiopia - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 9]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/22315692/
8. 8. McPherson K, Steel CM, Dixon JM. ABC of breast diseases. Breast cancer- epidemiology, risk factors, and genetics. BMJ [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2022 Feb 8]; 321(7261):624–8. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977847/

9. 9. Lauver D. Theoretical perspectives relevant to breast self-examination. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 1987;9(4):16–24.
10. 10. Teknologi U, Shah M, Malaysia A(, Mohamed ), Bpharm AH, Bpharm AAS. Evaluation of breast cancer awareness among female university students in Malaysia. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2010 Mar 15 [cited 2022 Feb 8];8(1):29–34. Available from: https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/p p/article/view/128
11. 11. Elias LN, Worku DH, Alemu SM. Assessment of breast self-examination practice and associated factors among female health professionals in Western Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. Int J Med Med Sci. 2017;9(12):148–57.
12. 12. Sama CB, Dzekem B, Kehbila J, Ekabe CJ, Vofo B, Abua NL, et al. Awareness of breast cancer and breast self- examination among female undergraduate students in a higher teachers training college in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Mar 9];28. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29255561/
13. 13. Mehmet N, Rahimi A, Donkor AG, Alabed AA, Lotfizadeh M. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening Among Health Science Students in Shahrekord City, Iran. Malaysian J Public Heal Med. 2020;20(2):178–84.
14. 14. Nur N. Breast Cancer Knowledge and Screening Behaviors of the Female Teachers. Women Heal. 2010 Jan; 50(1):37–52.
15. 15. Rosmawati NHN. Attitude and Practice of Breast Self Examination in Malaysia. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2010; 11:1503–8.
16. 16. Siddharth R, Gupta D, Narang R, Singh P. Knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer and breast self-examination among women seeking out-patient care in a teaching hospital in central India. Indian J Cancer. 2016 Apr 1;53(2):226–9.
17. 17. Azubuike S, Okwuokei S. Knowledge, attitude and practices of women towards breast cancer in Benin City, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013;3(2):155.
18. 18. Breast cancer screening in Dakar: Knowledge and practice of breast self examination among a female population in Senegal | Request PDF [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication /26284030_Breast_cancer_screening_in _Dakar_Knowledge_and_practice_of_br east_self_examination_among_a_femal e_population_in_Senegal
19. 19. Sathian B, Nagaraja SB, Banerjee I, Mittal A, De A, Roy B, et al. Awareness of breast cancer warning signs and screening methods among female residents of pokhara valley, Nepal. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(11): 4723–6.
20. 20. Santhanakrishnan N, Prabakaran S, Singh Z. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding breast cancer and its screening methods among nursing staff working in a tertiary-care hospital located in South India. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 2016;5(8):1650.
21. 21. Hajian Tilaki K, Auladi S. Awareness, attitude and practice of breast cancer screening women, and the associated socio-demographic characteristics, in northern Iran. Int J Cancer Manag. 2015;8(4).
22. 22. Breast Cancer Awareness, Attitude and Screening Practices Among University Students: Intervention Needed | Samina Rafique - Academia. edu [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www. academia. edu/54523212/Breast_Cancer_Awarene ss_Attitude_and_Screening_Practices_ Among_University_Students_Interventio n_Needed
23. 23. Andegiorgish AK, Kidane EA, Gebrezgi MT. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast Cancer among nurses in hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea. BMC Nurs. 2018;17(1):1–7.
24. 24. Mudaber MJ, Mehmet N. Breast cancer screening practices among Afghan women visiting Istiqlal and Jumhuriat hospitals in Kabul city, Afghanistan. Int J Res Med Sci. 2020;8(6):1973.
25. 25. Kudzawu E, Agbokey F, Ahorlu CSK, Kudzawu E, Agbokey F, Ahorlu CSK. A Cross Sectional Study of the Knowledge and Practice of Self-Breast Examination among Market Women at the Makola Shopping Mall, Accra, Ghana. Adv Breast Cancer Res [Internet]. 2016 Jun 21 [cited 2022 Mar 9];5(3):111–20. Available from: http://www.scirp.org/ journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID =67779
26. 26. Elsie KM, Gonzaga MA, Francis B, Michael KG, Rebecca N, Rosemary BK, et al. Current knowledge, attitudes and practices of women on breast cancer and mammography at mulago hospital. Pan Afr Med J. 2010;5:1–13.