TÜRKİYE’DE HIV/AIDS İLE İLGİLİ EPİDEMİYOLOJİK ÇALIŞMALAR: BİR DERLEME

Öz

İnsan Bağışıklık Yetmezliği Virüsü (HIV), Edinsel Bağışıklık Yetmezliği Sendromu (AIDS) tüm dünyada milyonlarca insanı etkilemeye devam eden büyük bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. HIV epidemisinin başından beri HIV ilişkili nedenlere bağlı olarak yaklaşık 79,3 milyon insan hayatını kaybetmiştir. HIV'in birçok farklı bulaşma yolu vardır, bulaşma sıklığı ve en yaygın bulaşma şekli dünyanın farklı yerlerinde farklılık gösterir. Türkiye'de HIV ile ilgili epidemiyolojik verilerde yıllar içinde değişiklikler olmuştur. Bu çalışma bir derleme çalışmasıdır. Türkiye'de HIV/AIDS konusunda yayınlanmış çalışmalar ve raporlar gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı, Türkiye'de HIV/AIDS ile ilgili ilk vakanın görülmesinden bu yana epidemiyolojik yayınları analiz etmek ve ülkedeki HIV bulaşma şeklini araştırmak için yapılan çalışmaların niceliğini ve niteliğini belirlemektir. 1985-2022 yılları arasında yayınlanan tüm yayınlar gözden geçirilmiş,756 çalışma belirlenmiş ve 54 özgün makale, kılavuz, rapor ve sempozyum sunumuna yer verilmiştir. Araştırma türleri, katılımcı sayıları, katılımcı grupları, çalışma yeri, cinsiyet ve bulaş yolları incelenmiştir. HIV/AIDS prevalansı artmaktadır. Heteroseksüel yolla bulaş şekli yaygındır ve erkeklerle cinsel ilişkiye giren erkekler yolu ile bulaş şekli artmaktadır. Ulusal düzeyde yeterince büyük ölçekli çalışmaların olmadığı görülmüştür. HIV/AIDS konusunda ulusal düzeyde veya çok merkezli olarak daha ileri çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Epidemiyoloji
• İnsidans Oranı
• Türkiye
• Prevelans
• HIV
• AIDS

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON HIV/AIDS IN TÜRKİYE: A REVIEW

Öz

Human Immundeficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) is a major public health problem continues to affect millions of people all over the world. An average of 79.3 million people died from HIV-related causes since the start of the epidemic. HIV has many different routes of transmission, and the frequency of transmission and the most common mode of transmission varies in different parts of the world. In Turkiye, there have been changes in epidemiological data on HIV over the years. This is a c review paper. The published studies on HIV/AIDS and reportes in Turkiye were reviewed. The aim of this review is to analyze epidemiologic publications since the first case was seens in Turkiye on HIV/AIDS and to determine the studies quantity and quality to explore mode of transmission of HIV in the country. All publications published between 1985 and 2022 were reviwed. 756 studies were identified and 54 original articles, guidelines, reports and symposium presentation were included. The types of researches, the number of participants, the participant groups, study location, gender and mode of transmission were examined. HIV/AIDS prevelance is increasing. The mode of transmission is common through heterosexual transmission and men who have sex with men transmission mode is increasing. It was seen that there were not enough large-scale studies at the national level. Further studies on HIV/AIDS should be conducted as national level or multicenter.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• mode of transmission
• Türkiye
• Epidemiology
• HIV
• AIDS

Kaynakça

1. 1. C Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses. [Internet]. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1996. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ books/NBK419318/
2. 2. Sharp PM, Hahn BH. Origins of HIV and the AIDS Pandemic. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med [Internet]. 2011;1 (a006841). Available from: http://www.unaids.org/
3. 3. UNAIDS data 2021 [Internet]. Geneva; 2021. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ media_asset/JC3032_AIDS_Data_book_ 2021_En.pdf
4. 4. HIV/AIDS [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 May 17]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-shee ts/detail/hiv-aids
5. 5. Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet | UNAIDS [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 May 17]. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf
6. 6. Frank TD, Carter A, Jahagirdar D, Biehl MH, Douwes-Schultz D, Larson SL, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980–2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. Lancet HIV. 2019 Dec 1;6(12):e831–59.
7. 7. Katie Huynh PGG. HIV Prevention - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing LLC. 2021 [cited 2022 May 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 470281/
8. 8. WHO. Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 May 17]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/97 89240027077

9. 9. UNAIDS. Fact Sheet – World AIDS Day 2021. UNAIDS 2021[Internet]. [cited 2022 May 19]. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/2021-world-ai ds-day
10. 10. Akın, Levent; Bodur, Hürrem; Atahan, Çağatay; Çelik, Gülden; Gökengin, Deniz;Inan D. Türkiye Hıv/Aıds Kontrol Programı (2019-2024) Türkiye Hıv/Aıds Kontrol Programı [Internet]. 1131st ed. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü; 2019. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik. gov.tr/depo/birimler/Bulasici-hastaliklar-d b/hastaliklar/HIV-ADS/Tani-Tedavi_Rehb eri/HIV_AIDS_Kontrol_Programi.pdf
11. 11. HIV-AIDS İstatistik [Internet]. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar ve Erken Uyarı Dairesi Başkanlığı. 2021 [cited 2022 May 17]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik. gov.tr/tr/bulasici-hastaliklar/hiv-aids/hiv-ai ds-liste/hiv-aids-istatislik.html]
12. 12. Quiros-Roldan E et al. Decrease in new diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in the two years period 2019-2020: impact of COVID-19 pandemic. J Public health Res. 2021;11,1: 2256.
13. 13. Mitchell KM, Dimitrov D, Silhol R, Geidelberg L, Moore M, Liu A, et al. The potential effect of COVID-19-related disruptions on HIV incidence and HIV-related mortality among men who have sex with men in the USA: a modelling study. lancet HIV [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1 [cited 2022 May 17];8(4):e206–15. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/336177 83/
14. 14. Catchpole M, Ekdahl K, Kissling EVL, Mozalevskis, Antons; Nielsen, Stine; Noori T, Prodan A, Rosinska M, et al. HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2021 (2020 data) [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 May 17]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publicati ons-data/hiv-aids-surveillance-europe-20 21-2020-data
15. 15. Mumtaz G, Hilmi N, McFarland W, Kaplan RL, Akala FA, Semini I, et al. Are HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men Emerging in the Middle East and North Africa?: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. PLOS Med [Internet]. 2011 Aug [cited 2022 May 17];8(8):e1000444. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/ plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal. pmed.1000444
16. 16. Chow EPF, Wilson DP, Zhang L. The rate of HIV testing is increasing among men who have sex with men in China. HIV Med [Internet]. 2012 May 1 [cited 2022 May 17];13(5):255–63. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10. 1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00974.x
17. 17. Simmons R, Malyuta R, Chentsova N, Medoeva A, Kruglov Y, Yurchenko A, et al. HIV testing and diagnosis rates in Kiev, Ukraine: April 2013 - March 2014. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 31;10(8).
18. 18. Joshi K, Lessler J, Olawore O, Loevinsohn G, Bushey S, Tobian AAR, et al. Declining HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of empiric data. J Int AIDS Soc [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1 [cited 2022 May 17];24(10):e25818. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/full/10.1002/jia2.25818
19. 19. Paz-Bailey G, Noble M, Salo K, Stephen Tregear J. Prevalence of HIV Among U.S. Female Sex Workers: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2016;20.
20. 20. Fofana AA, Mehmet N. Prevalence and Incidence rate of HIV/AIDS in West Africa. Int J Epidemiol Heal Sci. 2022 Jan 6;3(1):1.
21. 21. Shannon CL, Klausner JD. The Growing Epidemic of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents: A Neglected Population. HHS Public Access. 2018;1:137–43.
22. 22. Pettifor A, Stoner M, Pike C, Bekker LG. Adolescent lives matter: preventing HIV in adolescents. Curr Opin HIV AIDS [Internet]. 2018 May 1 [cited 2022 May 17];13(3):265. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5902132/