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CONTAMINATION-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19: PROSPECTIVE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 12, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1356522

Öz

Household transmission studies provide a suitable environment to examine the epidemiological and clinical features of the disease by controlling many environmental variables. Examining the household transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 is important to establish appropriate prevention and control policies. This study is a case-based prospective study evaluating the demographic and behavioral characteristics of index cases and their household contacts. In the study, a protocol prepared by the World Health Organization evaluating the domestic transmission of COVID-19 was adapted. RT-PCR test was performed on contacted individuals. In addition, a questionnaire form was applied to the participants. SAR was calculated to assess household transmission. Descriptive analyses were made in the study, and Chi-square test and Logistic Regression analysis were used. The study included 42 index cases and 112 contacts. 43% of index cases and 54% of contacts are women. The median age of index cases was 40.5, and the contacts were 34.5. The secondary attack rate was 25%. The risk of infection is higher in the contacts of female index cases, in crowded families, and in the spouse or child of index maturity. Living in crowded households has been identified as the most important risk factor for infection transmission. Stay-at-home measures to reduce social contact may lead to increased transmission in the household. In addition to reducing social contact during the pandemic process, policies should be developed to prevent domestic transmission. Measures to reduce contact should be implemented, such as using a mask at home, airing the house frequently, and being in the same room.

Kaynakça

  • WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard [cited 2023 May 15] [Available from: https://covid19.who.int/.
  • Ilhan MN, Tüzün H, Kiliç R, Yildirim N. Nonpharmaceutical interventions in Turkey and worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51(Si-1):3207-14.
  • Barlas G, Öztürk H, Pehlivantürk G, Aydin S. Turkey’s response to COVID-19 pandemic: strategy and key actions. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51(Si-1):3150-6.
  • Jing QL, Liu MJ, Yuan J, Zhang ZB, Zhang AR, Dean NE, et al. Household Secondary Attack Rate of COVID-19 and Associated Determinants. MedRxiv. 2020.
  • Liu J, Liao X, Qian S, Yuan J, Wang F, Liu Y, et al. Community Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(6):1320-3.
  • Jing QL, Liu MJ, Zhang ZB, Fang LQ, Yuan J, Zhang AR, et al. Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(10):1141-50.
  • Marks M, Millat-Martinez P, Ouchi D, Roberts C, Alemany A, Corbacho-Monné M, et al. Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(5):629-36.
  • Chaw L, Koh WC, Jamaludin SA, Naing L, Alikhan MF, Wong J. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Different Settings, Brunei. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(11):2598-606.
  • Ng OT, Marimuthu K, Koh V, Pang J, Linn KZ, Sun J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(3):333-43.
  • Martínez-Baz I, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Burgui C, Casado I, Castilla J. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors in a cohort of close contacts. Postgrad Med. 2022;134(2):230-8.
  • Wang Z, Ma W, Zheng X, Wu G, Zhang R. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Infection. 2020;81(1):179-82.
  • Carraturo F, Del Giudice C, Morelli M, Cerullo V, Libralato G, Galdiero E, et al. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and COVID-19 transmission risk from environmental matrices and surfaces. Environmental Pollution. 2020;265:115010.
  • Koh WC, Naing L, Chaw L, Rosledzana MA, Alikhan MF, Jamaludin SA, et al. What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate and associated risk factors. PLoS One. 2020;15(10):e0240205.
  • Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM, Halloran ME, Dean NE. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(12):e2031756-e.
  • World Health Organization, Household transmission investigation protocol for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 23 March 2020.
  • Şensoy EB EA, Keskin S, Alpay EE, Süner AF, Şiyve N, Turunç Ö, Ünal B. Presence of positive cases in the household and related factors in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. 5th International and 23rd National Public Health Congress, 2021. pp. 895.
  • Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Health, General Directorate Of Public Health, COVID-19 (Sars-Cov-2 Infection) Contact Follow-Up, Outlook Management, Patient Follow-Up And Filation At Home. 2 Oct 2021.
  • McLean HQ, Grijalva CG, Hanson KE, Zhu Y, Deyoe JE, Meece JK, et al. Household Transmission and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Pediatrics. 2022;149(3).
  • Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM, Jr, Halloran ME, Dean NE. Factors Associated With Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(8):e2122240-e.
  • Tsang TK, Lau LLH, Cauchemez S, Cowling BJ. Household Transmission of Influenza Virus. Trends Microbiol, 2016;24(2):123-33.
  • Jing Q-L, Liu M-J, Zhang Z-B, Fang L-Q, Yuan J, Zhang A-R, et al. Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020;20(10):1141-50.
  • Miyahara R, Tsuchiya N, Yasuda I, Ko YK, Furuse Y, Sando E, et al. Familial Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in 10 Prefectures, Japan, February−May 2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2021;27(3):915.
  • Musa S, Kissling E, Valenciano M, Dizdar F, Blažević M, Jogunčić A, et al. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective observational study in Bosnia and Herzegovina, August–December 2020. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;112:352-61.
  • Lewis NM, Chu VT, Ye D, Conners EE, Gharpure R, Laws RL, et al. Household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;73(7):e1805-e13.
  • Li W, Zhang B, Lu J, Liu S, Chang Z, Peng C, et al. Characteristics of Household Transmission of COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(8):1943-6.
  • Federgruen A, Naha S. Crowding Effects Dominate Demographic Attributes in COVID-19 Cases. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;102:509-16.
  • Maroko AR, Nash D, Pavilonis BT. COVID-19 and inequity: a comparative spatial analysis of New York City and Chicago hot spots. Journal of Urban Health. 2020;97(4):461-70.
  • Qiu X, Nergiz AI, Maraolo AE, Bogoch II, Low N, Cevik M. The role of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infection in SARS-CoV-2 transmission—a living systematic review. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2021;27(4):511-9.
  • Ng OT, Marimuthu K, Koh V, Pang J, Linn KZ, Sun J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(3):333-43.
  • Donnelly MA, Chuey MR, Soto R, Schwartz NG, Chu VT, Konkle SL, et al. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant-United States, 2021. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022.

COVID-19'UN BULAŞMA İLE İLGİLİ ÖZELLİKLERİ: PROSPEKTİF HANEHALKI ARAŞTIRMASI

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 12, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1356522

Öz

Hane içi bulaş çalışmaları birçok çevresel değişkeni kontrol ederek, bulaşıcı hastalıkların epidemiyolojik ve klinik özelliklerini incelenmek için uygun bir ortam sağlamaktadır. SARS-CoV-2'nin hane içi bulaşma dinamiklerinin incelenmesi, uygun önleme ve kontrol politikalarının oluşturulması açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma indeks vakaların demografik ve davranışsal özelliklerini ve hane halkı temaslılarını değerlendiren vaka bazlı prospektif bir çalışmadır. Çalışma, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün hazırladığı ve COVID-19’un hane içi bulaşını değerlendiren standart bir protokolden uyarlanmıştır. Temaslı kişilere RT-PCR testi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcılara anket formu uygulanmıştır. Hane içi bulaşmayı değerlendirmek için Sekonder Atak Hızı (SAR) hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı analizler yapılmış, ayrıca Ki-kare testi ve Lojistik Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 42 indeks vaka ve 112 temaslı dahil edilmiştir. İndeks olguların %43'ü ve temaslıların %54'ü kadındır. İndeks olguların ortanca yaşı 40,5, temaslıların yaşı ise 34,5'tir. Sekonder atak hızı %25’dir. Kadın indeks vakaların temaslılarında, kalabalık ailelerde yaşayanlarda, indeks olguların eş veya çocuğunda enfeksiyon riski daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kalabalık evlerde yaşamanın enfeksiyon bulaşmasında en önemli risk faktörü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sosyal teması azaltmaya yönelik evde kalma önlemleri, evdeki bulaşmanın artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Pandemi sürecinde sosyal temasın azaltılmasının yanı sıra yurt içi bulaşın önlenmesine yönelik politikalar geliştirilmelidir. Evde maske kullanmak, evi sık sık havalandırmak, aynı odada bulunmamak gibi teması azaltacak önlemler hayata geçirilmelidir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma Sanofi tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard [cited 2023 May 15] [Available from: https://covid19.who.int/.
  • Ilhan MN, Tüzün H, Kiliç R, Yildirim N. Nonpharmaceutical interventions in Turkey and worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51(Si-1):3207-14.
  • Barlas G, Öztürk H, Pehlivantürk G, Aydin S. Turkey’s response to COVID-19 pandemic: strategy and key actions. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51(Si-1):3150-6.
  • Jing QL, Liu MJ, Yuan J, Zhang ZB, Zhang AR, Dean NE, et al. Household Secondary Attack Rate of COVID-19 and Associated Determinants. MedRxiv. 2020.
  • Liu J, Liao X, Qian S, Yuan J, Wang F, Liu Y, et al. Community Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(6):1320-3.
  • Jing QL, Liu MJ, Zhang ZB, Fang LQ, Yuan J, Zhang AR, et al. Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(10):1141-50.
  • Marks M, Millat-Martinez P, Ouchi D, Roberts C, Alemany A, Corbacho-Monné M, et al. Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(5):629-36.
  • Chaw L, Koh WC, Jamaludin SA, Naing L, Alikhan MF, Wong J. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Different Settings, Brunei. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(11):2598-606.
  • Ng OT, Marimuthu K, Koh V, Pang J, Linn KZ, Sun J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(3):333-43.
  • Martínez-Baz I, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Burgui C, Casado I, Castilla J. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors in a cohort of close contacts. Postgrad Med. 2022;134(2):230-8.
  • Wang Z, Ma W, Zheng X, Wu G, Zhang R. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Infection. 2020;81(1):179-82.
  • Carraturo F, Del Giudice C, Morelli M, Cerullo V, Libralato G, Galdiero E, et al. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and COVID-19 transmission risk from environmental matrices and surfaces. Environmental Pollution. 2020;265:115010.
  • Koh WC, Naing L, Chaw L, Rosledzana MA, Alikhan MF, Jamaludin SA, et al. What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate and associated risk factors. PLoS One. 2020;15(10):e0240205.
  • Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM, Halloran ME, Dean NE. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(12):e2031756-e.
  • World Health Organization, Household transmission investigation protocol for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 23 March 2020.
  • Şensoy EB EA, Keskin S, Alpay EE, Süner AF, Şiyve N, Turunç Ö, Ünal B. Presence of positive cases in the household and related factors in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. 5th International and 23rd National Public Health Congress, 2021. pp. 895.
  • Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Health, General Directorate Of Public Health, COVID-19 (Sars-Cov-2 Infection) Contact Follow-Up, Outlook Management, Patient Follow-Up And Filation At Home. 2 Oct 2021.
  • McLean HQ, Grijalva CG, Hanson KE, Zhu Y, Deyoe JE, Meece JK, et al. Household Transmission and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Pediatrics. 2022;149(3).
  • Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM, Jr, Halloran ME, Dean NE. Factors Associated With Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(8):e2122240-e.
  • Tsang TK, Lau LLH, Cauchemez S, Cowling BJ. Household Transmission of Influenza Virus. Trends Microbiol, 2016;24(2):123-33.
  • Jing Q-L, Liu M-J, Zhang Z-B, Fang L-Q, Yuan J, Zhang A-R, et al. Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020;20(10):1141-50.
  • Miyahara R, Tsuchiya N, Yasuda I, Ko YK, Furuse Y, Sando E, et al. Familial Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in 10 Prefectures, Japan, February−May 2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2021;27(3):915.
  • Musa S, Kissling E, Valenciano M, Dizdar F, Blažević M, Jogunčić A, et al. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective observational study in Bosnia and Herzegovina, August–December 2020. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;112:352-61.
  • Lewis NM, Chu VT, Ye D, Conners EE, Gharpure R, Laws RL, et al. Household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;73(7):e1805-e13.
  • Li W, Zhang B, Lu J, Liu S, Chang Z, Peng C, et al. Characteristics of Household Transmission of COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(8):1943-6.
  • Federgruen A, Naha S. Crowding Effects Dominate Demographic Attributes in COVID-19 Cases. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;102:509-16.
  • Maroko AR, Nash D, Pavilonis BT. COVID-19 and inequity: a comparative spatial analysis of New York City and Chicago hot spots. Journal of Urban Health. 2020;97(4):461-70.
  • Qiu X, Nergiz AI, Maraolo AE, Bogoch II, Low N, Cevik M. The role of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infection in SARS-CoV-2 transmission—a living systematic review. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2021;27(4):511-9.
  • Ng OT, Marimuthu K, Koh V, Pang J, Linn KZ, Sun J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(3):333-43.
  • Donnelly MA, Chuey MR, Soto R, Schwartz NG, Chu VT, Konkle SL, et al. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant-United States, 2021. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Halk Sağlığı (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hanife Ece Erik 0000-0002-0707-0306

Şahin Can Özaltun 0000-0002-0932-5253

Duygu Atılmış 0000-0003-4357-6571

Gülçin Telli 0000-0001-8195-3345

Gizem Karahan 0000-0003-0769-8862

İlke Toker Önder 0000-0001-6713-7982

Alpaslan Alp 0000-0001-7856-7590

Levent Akın 0000-0003-4705-413X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Erik HE, Özaltun ŞC, Atılmış D, Telli G, Karahan G, Toker Önder İ, Alp A, Akın L. COVID-19’UN BULAŞMA İLE İLGİLİ ÖZELLİKLERİ: PROSPEKTİF HANEHALKI ARAŞTIRMASI. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2024;9(1):1-12.

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