COVID-19'UN BULAŞMA İLE İLGİLİ ÖZELLİKLERİ: PROSPEKTİF HANEHALKI ARAŞTIRMASI

Öz

Hane içi bulaş çalışmaları birçok çevresel değişkeni kontrol ederek, bulaşıcı hastalıkların epidemiyolojik ve klinik özelliklerini incelenmek için uygun bir ortam sağlamaktadır. SARS-CoV-2'nin hane içi bulaşma dinamiklerinin incelenmesi, uygun önleme ve kontrol politikalarının oluşturulması açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma indeks vakaların demografik ve davranışsal özelliklerini ve hane halkı temaslılarını değerlendiren vaka bazlı prospektif bir çalışmadır. Çalışma, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün hazırladığı ve COVID-19’un hane içi bulaşını değerlendiren standart bir protokolden uyarlanmıştır. Temaslı kişilere RT-PCR testi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcılara anket formu uygulanmıştır. Hane içi bulaşmayı değerlendirmek için Sekonder Atak Hızı (SAR) hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı analizler yapılmış, ayrıca Ki-kare testi ve Lojistik Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 42 indeks vaka ve 112 temaslı dahil edilmiştir. İndeks olguların %43'ü ve temaslıların %54'ü kadındır. İndeks olguların ortanca yaşı 40,5, temaslıların yaşı ise 34,5'tir. Sekonder atak hızı %25’dir. Kadın indeks vakaların temaslılarında, kalabalık ailelerde yaşayanlarda, indeks olguların eş veya çocuğunda enfeksiyon riski daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kalabalık evlerde yaşamanın enfeksiyon bulaşmasında en önemli risk faktörü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sosyal teması azaltmaya yönelik evde kalma önlemleri, evdeki bulaşmanın artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Pandemi sürecinde sosyal temasın azaltılmasının yanı sıra yurt içi bulaşın önlenmesine yönelik politikalar geliştirilmelidir. Evde maske kullanmak, evi sık sık havalandırmak, aynı odada bulunmamak gibi teması azaltacak önlemler hayata geçirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19
• prospektif çalışma
• aile özellikleri
• temas

CONTAMINATION-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19: PROSPECTIVE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY

Öz

Household transmission studies provide a suitable environment to examine the epidemiological and clinical features of the disease by controlling many environmental variables. Examining the household transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 is important to establish appropriate prevention and control policies. This study is a case-based prospective study evaluating the demographic and behavioral characteristics of index cases and their household contacts. In the study, a protocol prepared by the World Health Organization evaluating the domestic transmission of COVID-19 was adapted. RT-PCR test was performed on contacted individuals. In addition, a questionnaire form was applied to the participants. SAR was calculated to assess household transmission. Descriptive analyses were made in the study, and Chi-square test and Logistic Regression analysis were used. The study included 42 index cases and 112 contacts. 43% of index cases and 54% of contacts are women. The median age of index cases was 40.5, and the contacts were 34.5. The secondary attack rate was 25%. The risk of infection is higher in the contacts of female index cases, in crowded families, and in the spouse or child of index maturity. Living in crowded households has been identified as the most important risk factor for infection transmission. Stay-at-home measures to reduce social contact may lead to increased transmission in the household. In addition to reducing social contact during the pandemic process, policies should be developed to prevent domestic transmission. Measures to reduce contact should be implemented, such as using a mask at home, airing the house frequently, and being in the same room.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19
• prospective studies
• family characteristics
• contact

Kaynakça

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