Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerinde Görev Yapan Sağlık Çalışanlarının COVID-19 Aşılarına Karşı Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışları

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisinin yeni olması ve yeni aşıların hızlı bir şekilde geliştirilmesi, toplumda aşıya yönelik tereddütlerin ortaya çıkmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, aile sağlığı merkezlerinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının COVID-19 aşılarına ilişkin bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını incelemektir. Çalışmanın evrenini Malatya’da aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan 408 sağlık çalışanı oluşturmuştur. Örneklem hesabı yapılmamış, çalışmada evrenin tamamına ulaşılması hedeflenmiş ve katılmayı kabul eden 292 kişi ile çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Kullanılan anket formu; sosyodemografik özellikler, COVID-19 ve COVID-19 aşılarına ilişkin sorular ile COVID-19 Korku Ölçeği’nden oluşmaktadır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Ki-kare testi ve gruplar arasında anlamlılığı belirlemek için de post hoc ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların %97,3’ü COVID-19 aşısını yaptırmış olup, %47,9’u aşı konusunda tereddüt yaşadığını belirtmiştir. COVID-19 aşısını önermeyenlerin aşı tereddüt düzeyi anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Aşı üreten firmalara güvenmediği görüşüne katılmayanların aşı tereddüt düzeyi, bu görüşe katılanlar ve kararsız olanlara göre anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Araştırmaya katılan sağlık çalışanlarının neredeyse tamamı COVID-19 aşısını yaptırmış olmasına rağmen, yaklaşık yarısı aşı konusunda tereddüt yaşadığını ifade etmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarına, aşı geliştirme ve güvenlik süreçlerini açıklayan; yan etkilere ilişkin tereddütleri bilimsel kanıtlara dayalı olarak ele alan, şeffaf ve erişilebilir bilgiler içeren eğitimler verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• aşı
• endişe

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Health Workers Working in Family Health Centres Towards COVID-19 Vaccines

Öz

The novelty of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid development of new vaccines have contributed to vaccine-related hesitancy in society. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of healthcare professionals working in family health centres towards COVID-19 vaccines. The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of 408 health workers working in family health centres in Malatya. No sample calculation was conducted. The study attempted to reach the whole population and was completed with 292 people who agreed to participate. The questionnaire used included sociodemographic characteristics, questions about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines and the COVID-19 Fear Scale. Chi-square test and post hoc chi-square test were used in statistical analyses. Of the participants, 97.3% had received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 47.9% stated that they were hesitant about the vaccine. The hesitancy level of those who did not recommend the COVID-19 vaccine was significantly higher (p<0.05). The hesitancy level of those who disagreed with the idea of “I do not trust” vaccine-producing companies was significantly lower than those who agreed and were undecided (p<0.05). Almost all the healthcare workers participating in the research received the COVID-19 vaccine, and almost half of them stated that they were hesitant about vaccines. Healthcare workers should be provided with training that explains vaccine development and safety processes, along with transparent and accessible information that addresses hesitancy about side effects based on scientific evidence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• vaccine
• concern

Kaynakça

1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health COVID-19 Information Platform. What is COVID-19? [cited 16 June 2022]. Available from: https://covid19.saglik. gov.tr/TR-66300/covid-19-nedir-.html
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) interactive timeline. [cited 16 June 2022]. Available from: https://www.who. int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline
3. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health COVID-19 Information Platform. General Information, Epidemiology and Diagnosis. [Cited 16 June 2022]. Available from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66337/genel-bilgiler-epidemiyoloji-ve-tani.html
4. Callaway E. The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide. Nature. 2020;580(7805):576-7. DOI:10.1038/d41586-020-01221-y.
5. World Health Organization (WHO). Ten threats to global health in 2019. [Cited 18 June 2022]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019
6. MacDonald NE, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4161-4. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
7. Ozisik L, Tanriover MD, Altinel S, Unal S. Vaccinating healthcare workers: Level of implementation, barriers and proposal for evidence-based policies in Turkey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13(5):1198-206. DOI:10.1080/21645515.2016.1269992.
8. Paris C, Benezit F, Geslin M, Polard E, Baldeyrou M, Turmel V, et al. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers. Infect Dis Now. 2021;51(5):484-7. DOI:10.1016/j.idnow.2021.04.001.

9. Dzieciolowska S, Hamel D, Gadio S, Dionne M, Gagnon D, Robitaille L, et al. Covid-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal among Canadian healthcare workers: a multicenter survey. Am J Infect Control. 2021;49(9):1152-7. DOI:10.1016/j. ajic.2021.04.079.
10. Gungor S, Atik D, Akyol N. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in nurses and fear of catching the disease. Yeni Yüzyıl Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;3(1):59-71. DOI:10.46629/JMS.2022.65.
11. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(3):1537-45. DOI:10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
12. Ladikli N, Bahadir E, Yumusak FN, Akkuzu H, Karaman G, Turkan Z. Turkish reliability and validity study of Covid-19 Fear Scale. Int J Soc Sci. 2020;3(2):71-80.
13. Wang J, Feng Y, Hou Z, Lu Y, Chen H, Ouyang L, et al. Willingness to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among healthcare workers in public institutions of Zhejiang Province, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(9):2926-33. DOI:10.1080/21645515.2021. 1909328.
14. Turbat B, Sharavyn B, Tsai FJ. Attitudes towards mandatory occupational vaccination and intention to get COVID-19 vaccine during the first pandemic wave among Mongolian healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;19(1):329. DOI:10.3390/ijerph19010329.
15. Gagneux-Brunon A, Detoc M, Bruel S, Tardy B, Rozaire O, Frappe P, et al. Intention to get vaccinations against COVID-19 in French healthcare workers during the first pandemic wave: a cross-sectional survey. J Hosp Infect. 2021;108:168-73. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.020.
16. Maltezou HC, Pavli A, Dedoukou X, Georgakopoulou T, Raftopoulos V, Drositis I, et al. Determinants of intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 among healthcare personnel in hospitals in Greece. Infect Dis Health. 2021;26(3):189-97. DOI:10.1016/j. idh.2021.03.002.
17. Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li Z. Intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 among nursing students: a cross-sectional survey. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;107:105152. DOI:10.1016/j. nedt.2021.105152.
18. Belingheri M, Ausili D, Paladino ME, Luciani M, Di Mauro S, Riva MA. Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine and reasons for adherence or not among nursing students. J Prof Nurs. 2021;37(5):923-7. DOI:10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.07.015.
19. Li M, Zheng Y, Luo Y, Ren J, Jiang L, Tang J, et al. Hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines among medical students in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(11):4021-7. DOI:10.1080/21645515.2021. 1944744.
20. Fotiadis K, Dadouli K, Avakian I, Bogogiannidou Z, Mouchtouri VA, Gogosis K, et al. Factors associated with healthcare workers’ (HCWs) acceptance of COVID-19 vaccinations and indications of a role model towards population vaccinations from a cross-sectional survey in Greece. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10558. DOI:10.3390/ijerph181910558.
21. Li XH, Chen L, Pan QN, Liu J, Zhang X, Yi JJ, et al. Vaccination status, acceptance, and knowledge towards a COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(11):4065-73. DOI:10.1080/21645515.2021.1957415.
22. Youssef D, Abou-Abbas L, Berry A, Youssef J, Hassan H. Determinants of acceptance of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among Lebanese health care workers using health belief model. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0264128. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0264128.
23. Maraqa B, Nazzal Z, Rabi R, Sarhan N, Al-Shakhra K, Al-Kaila M. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in Palestine: a call for action. Prev Med. 2021;149:106618. DOI:10.1016/j. ypmed.2021.106618.
24. Noushad M, Rastam S, Nassani MZ, Al-Saqqaf IS, Hussain M, Yaroko AA, et al. A global survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers. Front Public Health. 2022;9:794673. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2021.794673.