FACTORS AFFECTING ANTI-VACCINATION

Öz

The main purpose of health services is to protect the health of individuals and prevent diseases. One of the most important public health practices in the prevention of infectious diseases is vaccination. The success of childhood vaccination programs in our country is very high. Increasing concerns about vaccination in recent years are noteworthy. Elimination of concerns about vaccination practices; achieving the objectives of the Extended Immunization Program is important to protect the community against diseases with death and serious complications. Although there is an increase in vaccination rates in our country, as in many countries, hesitations about vaccines are increasing. Therefore, the need to revise the factors that affect the vaccination has arisen. In 2012, the World Health Organization established a commission to investigate vaccination rejections. According to the report prepared as a result of the work of this commission, vaccine rejection and vaccine hesitancy are defined as different concepts. This concept, which is a combination of many social, cultural, political and personal factors, affects the continuity and successful implementation of vaccination practices. In a number of studies, the reasons for rejecting, delaying or hesitating the vaccination of the children of their parents were investigated. In vaccination rejections, parents' lack of knowledge is one of the most important reasons. Physicians play an important role in parental education as the most reliable source of information on vaccination. Although the safety of the contents of the vaccines has been demonstrated by studies, the public opinion on the vaccination schedule was determined by the vaccine producers. The fact that diseases and complications are seen less during vaccination does not eliminate the need for vaccines. What can happen if the vaccination is terminated is explained by the CDC's report. Studies have shown that if parents can be informed about efficacy and risks of vaccines and vaccination components; the potential side effects and the potential benefits of vaccination; they can be conscious of their children.

AŞI REDLERİNİN ARTMASI VE AŞI KARŞITLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Öz

Sağlık hizmetlerinin temel amacı, bireylerin sağlığını korumak ve hastalıkları engellemektir. Bulaşıcı hastalıkların önlenmesinde en önemli halk sağlığı uygulamalarından biri aşılamadır. Ülkemizde çocukluk çağı aşılama programlarının başarısı oldukça yüksektir. Aşı uygulamalarına ve etkilerine yönelik son yıllarda artan endişeler dikkat çekmektedir. Aşı uygulamalarına yönelik endişelerin giderilmesi; GBP hedeflerine ulaşılabilmesi, toplumu ölüm ve ciddi komplikasyon riskleri olan hastalıklara karşı korumak için önemlidir. Ülkemizde aşılanma oranlarında artış olsa da birçok ülkede olduğu gibi aşılar konusunda tereddütler artmaktadır. Bu nedenle aşı uygulamalarını etkileyen faktörlerin yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ihtiyacı doğmuştur.

Aşı redlerinde, ebeveynlerin bilgisiz olması en önemli nedenlerden biridir. Aşılama konusunda en güvenilir bilgi kaynağı olarak hekimler, ebeveyn eğitiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Aşıların içeriğinin güvenilirliği her ne kadar yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konmuş olsa da, aşı takviminin aşı üreticileri tarafından belirlendiğine dair kamuoyunu meşgul eden görüşler ortaya atılmıştır. Aşılama sonucunda hastalıkların ve komplikasyonlarının daha az görülüyor olması, aşıya olan ihtiyacı ortadan kaldırmamaktadır. Aşılamaya son verilmesi halinde neler olabileceği CDC’nin raporuyla açıklanmıştır.

İncelenen çalışmalar göstermiştir ki, ebeveynlerin çocukluk çağı aşılamaları hakkında, özellikle aşıların ve aşı bileşenlerinin etkinliğine; olası yan etkiler ve aşılamanın yararları gibi risklere ilişkin yeterince bilgilendirilmesi, çocuklarını aşılatma konusunda bilinçli bir seçim yapmalarını sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aşı,aşılama,bağışıklama,aşı reddi,aşı tereddüdü,aşı uyumu,aşı karşıtlığı,aşı güvenliği

Kaynakça

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