TOPLUMDA COVID-19 PANDEMİSİYLE İLGİLİ FARKINDALIK, TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

COVID-19, halk sağlığına ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Salgında merkezi yaklaşımlarla önlemler alınması ve kişilerin de bunlara uyması önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmamızda, COVID-19 salgınının önemli boyutlara ulaştığı bir dönemde toplumun hastalığa karşı farkındalık, tutum ve davranışları ve ilgili faktörleri belirleyerek, düzenlemelere katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kesitsel tipte olup Türkiye’de yaşayan 18 yaş üstü 1179 kişide 40 soruluk bir anket formu 22.04.2020 tarihinde online uygulama başlatılmıştır. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İnsan Araştırmaları Etik Kurulundan onay alınmış, verilerin analizinde SPSS 26.0 programında ki-kare ve multiple lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunun %25’ini sağlık çalışanları, %19’unu öğrenciler ve geri kalanını farklı mesleklerden kişiler oluşturmuştur. Çalışanların %65’i bu döneminde daha az işe giderken, erkekler (OR:1,8), genç yaş grupları (OR:2,6 ve 4,0), düşük eğitimliler (OR:4,3) ve sağlık çalışanları (OR:4,8) işlerine daha çok gitmişlerdir. Çalışanların %11,2’si maaşını almakta sıkıntı yaşamış, %3.5’i işini kaybetmiş olup düşük eğitim düzeyi iş kaybı üzerine etkili bulunmuş (OR:4,9), %24,0’ünde kronik hastalık, %12,6’sında kendini güvende hissetmeme durumu, %16,6’sında psikolojik destek ihtiyacı belirlenmiştir. Kadınlar erkeklere göre (OR:2,8) ve 18-39 yaş grubu 60 yaş üstüne göre (OR:4,7) psikolojik desteğe daha çok ihtiyaç duymuşlardır. COVID-19 tanısı almış olanlar 13 kişi olup sıklık %1,1’dir. Evlerinde yaşayanlarla birlikte değerlendirildiğinde ‰7,5 oranında COVID-19 geçirildiği görülmüştür. Katılımcıların %63,3’ü bilgi düzeyini yeterli bulurken en sık bilgiye ulaşma yolları televizyon, bilimsel kaynaklar ve sosyal medyadır. Bireysel korunma önlemlerini toplumun oldukça yüksek oranlarda yerine getirdiği, el yıkamanın %98,0, evi havalandırmanın %91,0, maske takmanın %83,0 oranında, sosyal mesafeyi korumanın %76,9 oranında olduğu görülmüştür. Önlemlerin zamanında ve yeterli şekilde alındığını (%34,6) ve toplumun uyum sağladığını düşünenlerin oranı (%15,3) düşüktür. Sonuçta, salgının bu döneminde korunma önlemlerinin yüksek oranda uygulandığı, bunda toplumun bilgilendirilmesinin rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Ancak bunun sürdürülebilmesinde medya ve sağlık otoritelerinin vereceği mesajlar önemlidir. İş ve ekonomik kayıplar için gerekli önlem ve destek sağlanmalıdır. Yüksek oranda psikolojik destek ihtiyacı için risk gruplarına yönelik yaklaşımlar geliştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• farkındalık
• tutum
• davranış

EVALUATION OF AWARENESS, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SOCIETY

Öz

COVID-19 poses a serious threat to public health. It is important to take measures with central approaches in the epidemic and to comply with them. In our study, it was aimed to contribute to the regulations by determining the awareness, attitude, and behavior of the society towards the disease and related factors in a period when the COVID-19 epidemic reached important dimensions. The cross-sectional study in 1179 people aged over 18 living in Turkey was conducted by a 40-item online questionnaire which has been launched on 22.04.2020. Approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, and chi-square and multiple logistic regression analyses were used in SPSS 26.0 program to analyze the data. Health professionals are 25% of the study group, 19% are students and the rest is from different professions. While 65% of the employees went to work less during this period, men (OR: 1.8), young age groups (OR: 2.6 and 4.0), low educated (OR: 4.3), and health workers (OR: 4.8) went to their jobs more, 11.2% of the employees had difficulties in getting their salaries, 3.5% lost their jobs and low education level was found effective on job loss (OR: 4.9). Chronic disease was found in 24%, feeling unsafe in 12.6%, and the need for psychological support in 16.6%. Women (OR: 2.8) and 18-39 age group (OR: 4.7) needed psychological support more. Those diagnosed with COVID-19 were 13 people and the frequency is 1.1%. When other people living at home were added, it was determined that 7.5‰ of them had the disease. While 63.3% of the participants find their level of knowledge sufficient, the most common ways to access information are television, scientific resources, and social media. It has been observed that the society carries out the individual prevention measures at very high rates, hand washing is 98%, ventilation is 91%, masks are 83%, and social distance is 76.9%. The proportion of those who think that the measures are taken on time and adequately (34.6%) and that the society adapts is low (15.3%). As a result, it was observed that prevention measures were applied at a high rate during this period of the epidemic, and informing the society played a role in this. However, the messages to be given by the media and health authorities are important for sustaining this. Necessary measures and support should be provided for the job and economic losses. Approaches to risk groups should be developed for the high need for psychological support.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• awareness
• attitude
• behavior

Kaynakça

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