COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ VE İNFODEMİ

Öz

İnfodemi, COVID-19 pandemisi ile beraber önem kazanan bir kavramdır. İçinde bulunduğumuz bilgi çağında salgın yönetiminde diğer mücadele alanlarını doğrudan etkileyen merkezi konumda olması nedeniyle COVID-19 salgını sırasında öncelikli olarak gündeme alınmıştır. Pandemi sürecinde bu fenomenin, deneyimlediğimiz bilgi çağının en önemli aracı olan yeni dijital gerçekliğin yanında özellikle politik saha gibi alanlarda da beslenmesi dikkat çekici olmuştur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ)’nün bu süreçte çizdiği yol haritasına göre infodemi yönetimi, koordinasyon ve yönetim haricinde kanıtı tanımlamak, bilimi ve bilgiyi kullanılabilir hale getirmek, eylemi güçlendirmek ve etkiyi ölçmek başlıklarında dört temel adıma dayanmaktadır. Derlemenin amacı, COVID-19 bağlamında infodemi kavramı ve ilişkili olduğu alanlar ile DSÖ önderliğinde dört temelli infodemi yönetimini özetlemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnfodemi
• COVID-19
• yönetim
• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND INFODEMIA

Öz

Infodemia is a concept that has gained importance with the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 outbreak, infodemia was raised primarily due to its central location, which directly affects other areas of struggle in epidemic management in the information age we are in. During the pandemic process, it was especially remarkable that this phenomenon was fed in areas such as the political field, in addition to the new digital reality, which is the most important tool of the information age that we experience. According to the roadmap drawn by the World Health Organization (WHO) in this process, infodemia management is based on four basic steps except for coordination and management: identifying evidence, making science and information available, amplifying action, and measuring the impact. The aim of the review is to summarize the concept of infodemia in the context of COVID-19 and the information about the areas in which it is associated, as well as the four-based infodemia management that is being implemented under the leadership of the WHO.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Infodemia
• COVID-19
• management
• World Health Organization

Kaynakça

1. 1. Munich Security Conference: WHO; 15 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/munich-security-conference.
2. 2. Subject in Focus: Developing trans-disciplinary science: infodemiology, the science behind infodemic management: WHO; 7 July 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200707-covid-19-sitrep-169.pdf?sfvrsn=c6c69c88_2.
3. 3. Eysenbach G. Infodemiology: The epidemiology of (mis)information. Am J Med. 2002;113(9):763-5.
4. 4. An ad hoc WHO technical consultation managing the COVID-19 infodemic: call for action, 7-8 April 2020: World Health Organization. ; 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/334287.
5. 5. Cinelli M, Quattrociocchi W, Galeazzi A, Valensise CM, Brugnoli E, Schmidt AL, et al. The covid-19 social media infodemic. arXiv preprint arXiv:200305004. 2020.
6. 6. Rovetta A, Bhagavathula AS. COVID-19-Related Web Search Behaviors and Infodemic Attitudes in Italy: Infodemiological Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19374.
7. 7. Oyeyemi SO, Gabarron E, Wynn R. Ebola, Twitter, and misinformation: a dangerous combination? BMJ : British Medical Journal. 2014;349:g6178.
8. 8. Johnson NF, Velásquez N, Restrepo NJ, Leahy R, Gabriel N, El Oud S, et al. The online competition between pro-and anti-vaccination views. Nature. 2020:1-4.

9. 9. Stone R. Iran confronts coronavirus amid a ‘battle between science and conspiracy theories’: Science; Mar. 29, 2020 [Available from: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/iran-confronts-coronavirus-amid-battle-between-science-and-conspiracy-theories.
10. 10. Paraguassu L. Brazil's Bolsonaro says coronavirus is not all the media makes it out to be: Reuters; MARCH 10, 2020 [Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-bolsonaro/brazils-bolsonaro-says-coronavirus-is-not-all-the-media-makes-it-out-to-be-idUSKBN20X24P.
11. 11. 'Nobody knew there'd be a pandemic!' Donald Trump claims coronavirus was totally unforeseen as he is challenged on hospital shortage crisis and says 'I can't explain the gap' 19 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8131751/Nobody-knew-thered-pandemic-Donald-Trump-claims-coronavirus-totally-unforeseen.html.
12. 12. McFadden SM, Malik AA, Aguolu OG, Willebrand KS, Omer SB. Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(4):e0231808.
13. 13. IFRC U, WHO. Social Stigma associated with COVID-19: World Health Organization; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid19-stigma-guide.pdf?sfvrsn=226180f4_2.
14. 14. Considerations in adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19, Interim guidance: World Health Organization 16 April 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331773/WHO-2019-nCoV-Adjusting_PH_measures-2020.1-eng.pdf.
15. 15. Eysenbach G. How to Fight an Infodemic: The Four Pillars of Infodemic Management. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e21820.
16. 16. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 169: World Health Organization; 7 July 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200707-covid-19-sitrep-169.pdf?sfvrsn=c6c69c88_2.
17. 17. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report - 13: World Health Organization. ; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200202-sitrep-13-ncov-v3.pdf?sfvrsn=195f4010_6.
18. 18. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 13: World Health Organization; 2 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200202-sitrep-13-ncov-v3.pdf?sfvrsn=195f4010_6.
19. 19. Kasperson RE, Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H.S., Emel J., Goble,R., Kasperson,, J.X. R, S. The Social Maplification of Risk: a Conceptual Framevvork, Risk Analysis,8. 1988:177-87.
20. 20. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 45: World Health Organization; 2020 [Available from: source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200305-sitrep-45-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=ed2ba78b_4.
21. 21. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 60: World Health Organization; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200320-sitrep-60-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=d2bb4f1f_2.
22. 22. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 93 World Health Organization; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200422-sitrep-93-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=35cf80d7_4.
23. 23. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 73: WHO; 2 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200402-sitrep-73-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=5ae25bc7_6.
24. 24. Infodemic management – Infodemiology World Health Organization; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/risk-communication/infodemic-management.
25. 25. WHO reports fivefold increase in cyber attacks, urges vigilance World Health Organization; 23 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-04-2020-who-reports-fivefold-increase-in-cyber-attacks-urges-vigilance.
26. 26. COVID-19 message library, COVID-19: Risk communication and community engagement: World Health Organization; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid-19-message-library
27. 27. WHO ad-hoc online consultation on managing the COVID-19 infodemic World Health Organization; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/risk-communication/who-ad-hoc-online-consultation-on-managing-the-covid-19-infodemic.
28. 28. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 100 World Health Organization; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200429-sitrep-100-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=bbfbf3d1_6.
29. 29. 1st WHO Infodemiology Conference, 30 June – 16 July 2020: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2020/06/30/default-calendar/1st-who-infodemiology-conference.
30. 30. Ecker UKH, O'Reilly Z, Reid JS, Chang EP. The effectiveness of short-format refutational fact-checks. British Journal of Psychology. 2020;111(1):36-54.
31. 31. Amin AB, Bednarczyk RA, Ray CE, Melchiori KJ, Graham J, Huntsinger JR, et al. Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy. Nature Human Behaviour. 2017;1(12):873-80.
32. 32. First WHO infodemiology conference, public pre-conference event: World Health Organization; 29 June 2020 [Live graphic recordings, Sam Bradd]. Available from: https://www.who.int/images/default-source/departments/epi-win/infodemic-management/1st-im-conference/haydarov.jpg?sfvrsn=45e0fd5c_4.
33. 33. Advice on the use of masks in the community, during home care and in health care settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, Interim guidance, 29 January 2020: World Health Organization. ; [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/330987/WHO-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
34. 34. Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Interim guidance, 27 February 2020: World Health Organization. ; [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331215/WHO-2019-nCov-IPCPPE_use-2020.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
35. 35. Considerations for quarantine of individuals in the context of containment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), 19 March 2020: World Health Organization. ; [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/considerations-for-quarantine-of-individuals-in-the-context-of-containment-for-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19).
36. 36. Infection Prevention and Control for the safe management of a dead body in the context of COVID-19, Interim guidance, 24 March 2020: World Health Organization.; [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331538/WHO-COVID-19-lPC_DBMgmt-2020.1-eng.pdf.
37. 37. Infection Control Guidance for Healthcare Professionals about Coronavirus (COVID-19): CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ; [Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control.html.
38. 38. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 66: World Health Organization. ; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2.
39. 39. Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and considerations during severe shortages Interim guidance 6 April 2020: World Health Organization. ; [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331695/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_PPE_use-2020.3-eng.pdf.