AFGANİSTAN’DA SU VE SANİTASYONUN BEŞ YAŞ ALTINDAKİ ÇOCUK ÖLÜMLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ NEDENSEL ETKİSİ

Öz

Afgan çocukları, hanelerin sağlığa uygun içme suyuna ve güvenli sanitasyona erişimi olmaması nedeniyle erken çocukluk döneminde ölmektedir. Bu çalışma, güvenli olmayan içme suyunun ve yetersiz sanitasyonun Afganistan'daki 5 yaş altı ölümler üzerindeki etkisini incelemek için deneysel kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Beş yaş altı çocuklarda hanenin sanitasyon ortamı ve içme suyu kaynakları arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek için beş yaşın altındaki çocuklar “yenidoğan”, “bebek” ve “beş yaş altı” olarak sınıflandırıldı. Afganistan'da beş yaş altı çocuk ölüm hızı ile su ve sanitasyon etkisini ortaya çıkarabilmek için binary lojistik regresyon ve marjinal etki kullanıldı. Bulgularda, güvenli olmayan içme suyu ve yetersiz sanitasyon gibi iyileştirilmemiş ortamlarda doğan çocukların ölme olasılığının bebeklik döneminde daha yüksek olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Beş yaş altı çocuk ölüm hızı için Afganistan'daki yetersiz sanitasyon tesislerinin riski, güvenli olmayan su tedariğinden daha anlamlıdır. Sonuçta, kirli bir çevre Afganistan'da beş yaş altı çocuk ölüm hızını istatistiksel olarak artırmaktadır. Bulgulara göre suyun ve yetersiz sanitasyonun beş yaş altındaki çocuklar üzerindeki etkisini azaltmak için hükümetin güvenli bir su temini sağlaması, hanehalkı bireylerin sanitasyon hakkında farkındalığının artırılması, kırsal alanlarda kamu sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini artırması önerilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yenidoğan
• bebek
• 5 yaş altı çocuk ölümü
• sanitasyon
• su

THE CAUSAL EFFECT OF WATER AND SANITATION ON CHILDREN UNDER FIVE-YEAR MORTALITY IN AFGHANISTAN

Öz

Due to the inaccessibility of households to improved drinking water and safe sanitation, Afghan children die at the early age of childhood. This study provides empirical evidence to examine the causal effect of unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation on children under 5-year mortality in Afghanistan. To testify the relationship between household’s sanitation environment and drinking water sources on children under five-year mortality, the children under five-year categorized into the neonatal, infant, and under five-year ages. The binary logistic regression and marginal effect model have been used to discover the impact of water and sanitation on children under-five year mortality. The result revealed that children born in unimproved environments such as unclean drinking water sources and poor sanitation facilities are more likely to die in infancy age. The risk of poor sanitation facilities is significantly higher than unsafe water supply on child mortality at the age of less than 5. In conclusion, an unprotected environment is statistically more likely to increase the risk of children under five-year mortality in Afghanistan. The result recommended to the government to provide a safe water supply, increase the awareness of household members about sanitation, and improve the quality of public healthcare services to decrease the casual effect of water and poor sanitation on children under five-year mortalities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Neonatal mortality
• infant mortality
• children under 5-year mortality
• sanitation
• water

Kaynakça

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