Göçmen Çalışanların Zorlu Çalışma Koşulları: Türkiye'nin Güneyinde Bir Sanayi Bölgesi Örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 42 - 49, 04.02.2025

Onur Acar , Burak Kurt , Orhan Alper Koyu , Muhsin Akbaba , Ersin Nazlıcan , Hüseyin İlter , Erhan Kaya , Musa Sahın

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1563793

Öz

Göçmenlerin iş hayatlarına entegrasyonu halk sağlığı için çok önemli bir konudur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de geçici koruma altındaki Suriyeli işçilerin çalışma hayatına ait özelliklerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de nüfusa oranla en fazla Suriyeli göçmeni barındıran illerden birinde kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak katılımcılar seçilmiştir. Anket yoluyla toplanan veriler, Ki-kare, T testi, Tek yönlü ANOVA ve Pearson korelasyon istatistiksel yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Ankete katılan Suriyeli çalışanların tamamı kayıtsız çalışmakta olup, %42.8’i sanayide çalışmaktadır. Haftalık ortalama çalışma süresi 66.2 saat olup, işçilerin %78.1’i yasal asgari ücretin altında maaş almaktadır. Haftalık çalışma saatleri veya yüksek eğitim seviyesi, maaş artışına yol açmamıştır. Suriyeli çalışanlar, kötü çalışma koşulları nedeniyle sık sık iş değiştirmiş ve %57.2’si Türkiye’de iş kazası geçirmiştir. Suriyeli çalışanların, uzun çalışma saatleri, düşük ücret, mesleki eğitim eksikliği ve yüksek iş kazası riskini içeren olumsuz çalışma koşullarına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Gerekli düzenlemeler ile birlikte ileri çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mülteciler, göçmen işçiler, iş sağlığı, çalışma koşulları, iş kazası

Difficult Working Conditions of Migrant Workers: An Example of an Industrial Area in South of Türkiye

Öz

The integration of refugees into their work lives is crucial issue for public health.This study aimed to reveal some characteristics of the working life of Syrian refugees in Türkiye. This cross-sectional study employed the convenience sampling method to select participants in one of the provinces in Türkiye that hosts the highest number of refugees compared to its population. The data collected via a questionnaire were analyzed using the Chi-square, T test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation statistical methods. All the Syrian workers surveyed were unregistered, and 42.8% worked in the industry. Average weekly working hours were 66.2 hours, and 78.1% of the workers were paid less than the legal minimum wage. Weekly working hours or a high level of education did not lead to an increase in salary. The Syrian refugees changed jobs frequently due to poor working conditions, and 57.2% had a work accident in Türkiye. Syrian workers have been found to have adverse working conditions, including long working hours, low pay, lack of vocational training and a high risk of work accidents. It is recommended to carry out further studies together with the necessary arrangements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Refugees, Work Accident, migrant workers, occupational health, working conditions

Kaynakça

• Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees | UNHCR [Internet]. [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/media/convention-and-protocol-relating-status-refugees
• Situation Syria Regional Refugee Response [Internet]. [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria
• Extending Social Protection to Migrant Workers, Refugees, and their Families: Guide for Policymakers and Practitioners | International Labour Organization [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/publications/extending-social-protection-migrant-workers-refugees-and-their-families
• UNHCR [Internet]. [cited 2024 Oct 8]. The 1951 Refugee Convention. Available from: https://www. unhcr.org/about-unhcr/overview/1951-refugee-convention
• Brorström S, Diedrich A. Boundaries of collaboration–the case of a temporary housing complex for refugees in Sweden. Public Manag Rev. 2022 Apr 3;24(4):536–57.
• Differences in working conditions and employment arrangements among migrant and non-migrant workers in Europe - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/23534504/
• Refugee rights and realities: evolving international concepts and regimes [Internet]. UK; 1999 [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://unesdoc.unesco. org/ark:/48223/pf0000119057
• Gibney MJ. Between Control and Humanitarianism: Temporary Protection in Contemporary Europe. Georgia Immigration Law J. 1999;14:689.
• Chen H shui. Chinatown No More: Taiwan Immigrants in Contemporary New York [Internet]. Sanjek R, editor. Cornell University Press; 1992 [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.jstor. org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt207g616
• Abella MI. Labour migration policy and management: training modules.[Internet]. 2005 [Cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/@asia/@ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_bk_pb_202_en.pdf
• Habib RR, Ziadee M, Abi Younes E, Harastani H, Hamdar L, Jawad M, et al. Displacement, deprivation and hard work among Syrian refugee children in Lebanon. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4(1):e001122.
• Meyer SR, Yu G, Rieders E, Stark L. Child labor, sex and mental health outcomes amongst adolescent refugees. J Adolesc. 2020 Jun;81:52–60.
• Nuwayhid IA, Usta J, Makarem M, Khudr A, El-Zein A. Health of children working in small urban industrial shops. Occup Environ Med. 2005 Feb;62(2):86–94.
• Aydin H, Kaya Y. The educational needs of and barriers faced by Syrian refugee students in Turkey: a qualitative case study. Intercult Educ. 2017 Sep 3;28(5):456–73.
• Hatay / Küçük Sanayi Siteleri - DOĞAKA | T.C. Doğu Akdeniz Kalkınma Ajansı | www.dogaka.gov.tr [Internet]. [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.dogaka.gov.tr/dogu-akdeniz/hatay/hatay-kucuk-sanayi-siteleri
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management [Internet]. [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://en.goc.gov.tr/
• Bahcekapili C, Cetin B. The Impacts of Forced Migration on Regional Economies: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Turkey. Int Bus Res. 2015 Aug 25;8(9):p1.
• Fansa M, Ersoy A. The Life of Syrian Asylum-Seeking Children in a Temporary Shelter Centre in Turkey: An Ethnographic Study on Primary School Education. Int Electron J Elem Educ. 2022;14(5):679–91.
• Chambers R. Hidden losers? The impact of rural refugees and refugee programs on poorer hosts. Int Migr Rev. 1986;20(2):245–63.
• Şahin Mencütek Z, Nashwan AJJ. Employment of Syrian refugees in Jordan: challenges and opportunities. J Ethn Cult Divers Soc Work. 2021 Nov 2;30(6):500–22.
• Vakfı İİG. Syrian refugee livelihood monitor–summary assessment. 2017
• Çoban B. Türkiye’de işsizlik profili bağlamında Suriyeli gençlerin İstanbul işgücü piyasasına katılım sorunları. Çalışma Ve Toplum.2018; 1(56):193–216.
• Akbaş S, Ulutaş ÇÜ. Küresel Fabrika Kentinin Görünmeyen İşçileri: Denizli İşgücü Piyasasında Suriyeli Göçmenler. Çalış Ve Toplum. 2018 Jan;1(56):167–92.
• Kahveci M. From Guest to Second Class Workers: Wage Discrimination among Syrian and Turkish Workers. Bull Econ Theory Anal. 2019;4(2):97–118.
• Statistics | Eurostat [Internet]. [cited 2024 Oct 8]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_mw_cur/default/table?lang=en