INVESTIGATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ EXPOSURE TO PHUBBING BEHAVIOR

Abstract

Technological behavioral disorders have become prevalent issues nowadays. Uncontrolled and excessive time spent on the internet, along with the addictive use of mobile phones, brings along problems in social relationships, feelings of deprivation, and situations such as mobile device or technology addiction. The situation of being unable to live without a phone and consciously ignoring people around oneself has begun to be defined as 'Phubbing'. The main aim of this study is to examine high school students' instances of displaying Phubbing behavior concerning various demographic variables such as school type, gender, grade level, family relationships, and friendships. It is believed that this study will create an awareness of Phubbing behavior and contribute to the literature by providing insights into situations negatively affecting interpersonal communication, thereby enabling necessary precautions to be taken. The aim of this study is to examine Phubbing behavior among high school students concerning various demographic variables (school type, gender, grade level, family relationships, friendship relationships, duration of internet usage). The study was conducted based on a quantitative research method using a survey design. The 'General Phubbing Scale’ was employed as the data collection instrument. A total of 353 students from both private and public high schools in a province in the Central Anatolia region participated in the research during the 2022-2023 academic year. In addition to descriptive statistics for the analysis of quantitative data obtained from the scale, tests examining differences between means, such as independent sample t-Test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), were utilized. Upon examination of the findings from the study, no significant difference was found concerning Phubbing behavior based on gender. However, significant differences were observed in demonstrating Phubbing behavior among students based on school type, phone usage durations, and family and friendship relationships. The research concludes with some recommendations.

Keywords

• addiction
• communication
• high school students
• mobile phone
• phubbing

LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TELE-HİÇLEME (PHUBBING) DAVRANIŞINA MARUZ KALMA DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Öz

İnternette geçirilen ve kontrol edilemeyen zaman, bağımlılık düzeyinde kullanılan cep telefonları beraberinde sosyal ilişkilerde yaşanan sorunları, yoksunluk hissiyatını, mobil cihaz veya teknoloji bağımlılığı gibi durumları beraberinde getirmektedir. Telefonsuz yaşayamayıp, bilinçli olarak etrafındaki insanları görmezden gelme durumu ise Phubbing olarak tanımlanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise lise öğrencilerinde Phubbing davranışının farklı demografik değişkenler (okul türü, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, aile ilişkileri, arkadaşlık ilişkileri, internette kalma süreleri) açısından incelenmesidir. Çalışma nicel araştırma yöntemi tarama desenine dayalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Genel Phubbing Ölçeği (Tele-hiçleme Ölçeği)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında İç Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan bir ildeki özel ve devlet liselerinde öğrenim gören toplamda 353 öğrenci katılmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen nicel verilerin analizi için betimsel istatistiklere ek olarak ortalamalar arası farkları inceleyen testler [bağımsız örneklem t-Testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA)] kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, cinsiyet değişkenine göre Phubbing davranışına sahip olma durumunda anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Fakat öğrencilerin okul türü, telefon kullanım süreleri, aile ve arkadaşlık ilişkilerine göre Phubbing davranışını gösterme durumlarında anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda bazı öneriler getirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bağımlılık
• iletişim
• lise öğrencileri
• cep telefonu
• phubbing

Kaynakça

1. Aydoğdu, F., & Çevik, Ö. (2020). The examination of the effect of Phubbing behaviors of school psychological counselors on being phubbed and loneliness. Journal of International Psychological Counseling and Guidance Researches, 2(3), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.810850
2. Bin, G., Liu, Y., Shen, Q., Fu, C., Li, W.,& Li, X. (2023). Why cannot I stop phubbing? Boredom proneness and phubbing: A multiple mediation model. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2023(16), 3727-3738. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S423371
3. Beukeboom, C.J., & Pollmann, M.M.H. (2021). Partner Phubbing: Why using your mobile phone during interactions with your partner can be detrimental for your relationship. Computers in Human Behavior,124,1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106932.
4. Büyükgebiz Koca, E. (2019). A literature review on mobile phone addiction and Phubbing. EJRSE Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 6(6), 401-402. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E.K., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2022). Scientific research methods. Pegem Academy Publishing.
5. Chotpitayasunondth, V., & Douglas, K.M. (2018). The effects of "Phubbing" on social interaction. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,48(6), 304-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12506
6. DataReportal (2023). Digital 2023 Global Overview Report. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3a5-pEBB4Y David, M.E., & Roberts, J.A. (2017). Phubbed and alone: mobile phone snubbing, social exclusion, and attachment to social media. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2(2), 155-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/690940
7. David, M.E., & Roberts, J.A. (2020). Developing and testing a scale designed to measure perceived Phubbing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218152
8. Garrido, E.C., Issa, T., Esteban, P.G., & Delgado, S.C. (2021). A descriptive literature review of Phubbing behaviors. A Cell Press Journal-Heliyon, 7(5), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07037

9. Güler, Ç. & Sevinç, S. (2022). Perceptions towards the effects of exposure to Phubbing behavior on learning-teaching processes. Journal of Ege Education Technologies, 6(1), 77-89.
10. Han, JH., Park, SJ., & Kim, Y. (2021). Phubbing as a millennials’ new addiction and relating factors among nursing students. Psychiat Investig, 19(2), 135–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0163
11. Ivanova, A., Gorbaniuk, O., Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., Mraka, N., Polishchuk, V., & Gorbaniuk, J. (2020). Mobile phone addiction, Phubbing, and depression among men and women: a moderated mediation analysis. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(3), 655-668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09723-8
12. Kalip, K. & Çöl, M. (2020). Recent behaviours due to technology. ESTUDAM Public Health Journal, 5(2), 318-333. https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.712134
13. Kılıç, S. (2012). Sampling methods. Journal of Mood Disorders, 3(1), 44-46. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130325011730
14. Liu, RD., Wang, J., Gu, D., Ding, Y., Oei, T.P., Hong, W., Zhen, R., & Li, YM. (2019). The effect of parental Phubbing on teenager’s mobile phone dependency behaviors: The mediation role of subjective norm and dependency intention. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 1059-1069. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S224133
15. McDaniel, B.T., & Coyne, Sarah. (2014). “Technoference”: The interference of technology in couple relationships and implications for women’s personal and relational well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(1), 85-98. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ppm0000065
16. Monacis, L., De Palo, V., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2017). Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.1556%2F2006.6.2017.023
17. Morgan, G.A., Leech, N.L., Gloeckner, G.W., & Barrett, K.C. (2004). SPSS for introductory statistics use and interpretation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410610539
18. Odacı, H., Erzen, E. & Yeniçeri, İ. (2024). Predictors of phubbing: Interpersonal relationships and family relationships. Trends in Psychology, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-024-00361-8
19. Özdemir, S. (2020). Boss Phubbing: Ascale adaptation study. Dicle University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 10(19), 134-145.
20. Pancani, L., Gui, M., Gerosa, T., & Riva, P. (2020). “Mom, dad, look at me”: The development of the parental Phubbing scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(2), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520964866
21. Parmaksız, A. (2020). Phubbing in communication and relationships. Turkish Journal of Social Research, 24(2), 359-372.
22. Parmaksız, İ. (2021). Relationships between Phubbing and the five factor personality traits. Kastamonu Education Journal, 29(4), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.795620
23. Sepetçi, P., Özdemir, S. & Sever, M. (2021). I’m bored! Boredom, Phubbing and fear of missing out. Mersin University e-journal of Institue of Social Sciences, 5(1), 26-36. https://doi.org/10.55044/meusbd.962572
24. Sevinç, S., Güler, Ç. & Dinci, D. (2019). Turkish adaptation study of general phubbing scale. 3rd ISPEC International Congress of Social and Humanities Sciences.
25. Sünbül, A.M. (2004). The validity reliability of the thinking styles scale. Educaiton and Science, 29(32), 25-42.
26. Tangmunkongvorakul, A., Musumari, P.M., Thongpibul, K., Srithanaviboonchai, K., Techasrivichien, T., Suguimoto, S.P., & Kihara, M. (2019). Association of excessive mobile phone use with psychological well-being among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand. PloS One, 14(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210294
27. TÜİK, (2021). Information technology usage survey by children. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Cocuklarda-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2021-41132 on February 15, 2024.
28. TÜİK, (2023). Household information technology (IT) usage survey. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2023-49407#:~:text=Hanehalk%C4%B1%20bili%C5%9Fim%20teknolojileri%20kullan%C4%B1m%20ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1,artarak%20%95%2C5%20oldu.&text=%C4%B0nternet%20kullan%C4%B1m%20oran%C4%B1%2C%2016%2D74,y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda%20%87%2C1%20oldu. on February 15, 2024.
29. Yıldırım, O. & Ünalan, D. (2020). The evaluation of digital native sociotelism (Phubbing) trends. Gumushane University e-journal of Faculty of Communication, 8(1), 276-297. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.644279
30. Yılmaz, M. B. (2010). Investigation of the tendency to exhibit computer addiction among 6th and 7th grade elementary school students based on different variables. Journal of Educational Technology Research, 1(1), 1-16.