Kadınların Yaşadıkları Finansal Sıkıntılar ve Çözüm Önerileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Kadınların karşı karşıya kaldıkları ekonomik sıkıntı ve finansal zorlukların temel nedenlerini inceleyen araştırmalar popüler hale gelmektedir. Bu araştırmada kadınların yaşadıkları finansal sıkıntıları ve söz konusu sıkıntıların nedenlerini ortaya koyduktan sonra çözüm önerileri sunarak kadınların finansal refahını artırmalarını sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Veri toplama kısmında kullanılan finansal sıkıntı anketi Erzincan ilinde yaşayan kadınlara uygulanmıştır. Bu veriler SPSS 27 programından faydalanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde güvenirlik, faktör, bağımsız örneklem t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda kadınların medeni durumları, eğitim durumları, çalışma durumları ve konut mülkiyet durumları ile yaşanan finansal sıkıntı arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların finansal bilgi düzeylerinin yeteri düzeyde olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca ikili ilişkilerde, fiziksel ve psikolojik durumlarda, kredi kartı kullanımında ve fatura ödemelerindeki sıkıntıların düşük düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçta ise genel olarak finansal sıkıntı yaşama düzeylerinin düşük olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal Sıkıntı
• Finansal Refah
• Kadın
• Erzincan
• İstatistiksel Analiz

A Study on The Financial Distress Faced by Women and Possible Solutions

Abstract

Research examining the root causes of the economic hardships and financial distress faced by women has been gaining popularity. The aim of this study is to identify the financial distress experienced by women and their underlying causes, and subsequently propose solutions to enhance women’s financial well-being. The financial distress questionnaire used for data collection was administered to women living in Erzincan. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27 software. Reliability analysis, factor analysis, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA were employed in the analysis. The findings revealed significant differences in financial distress based on women’s marital status, education level, employment status, and housing ownership status. It has been revealed that women’s financial knowledge levels are sufficient. Moreover, it has been determined that difficulties in interpersonal relationships, physical and psychological conditions, credit card use, and bill payments are at a low level. Consequently, it has been observed that, in general, their level of experiencing financial difficulties is low.

Keywords

• Financial Distress
• Financial Well-Being
• Woman
• Erzincan
• Statistical Analysis

Kaynakça

1. Abbas, A., & Frihatni, A. A. (2023). Gender diversity and firm performances suffering from financial distress: evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Capital Markets Studies, 7(1), 91-107.
2. Agarwal, S., Mikhed, V., & Scholnick, B. (2019). Peers’ income and financial distress: Evidence from lottery winners and neighboring bankruptcies. The Review of financial studies, 33(1), 433-472.
3. Aldana, S. G., & Liljenquist, W. (1998). Validity and reliability of a financial strain survey. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 9(2), 11.
4. Archuleta, K. L., Dale, A., & Spann, S. M. (2013). College students and financial distress: Exploring debt, financial satisfaction, and financial anxiety. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 24(2), 50-62.
5. Barbaret, C., Brosse, C., Rhondali, W., Ruer, M., Monsarrat, L., Michaud, P., ... & Filbet, M. (2017). Financial distress in patients with advanced cancer. PloS one, 12(5), e0176470.
6. Boylu, A. A. (2014). Tek Ebeveynli Ailelerde Finansal Sıkıntı ve Fonksiyonlar Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 55-72.
7. Chase, E., Calhoun, B. H., Khosropour, C. M., Lee, C. M., & Rhew, I. C. (2024). Trajectories of financial distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their associations with mental health and substance use outcomes in a cohort of young adults. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 16(2), 442-459.
8. Fachrudin, K. A., & Latifah, S. (2022). Relationship between individual characteristics, neurotic personality, personal financial distress, and financial behavior. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2105565.

9. García, C. J., & Herrero, B. (2021). Female directors, capital structure, and financial distress. Journal of Business Research, 136, 592-601.
10. Görtz, C., McGowan, D., & Yeromonahos, M. (2023). Furlough and household financial distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 85(6), 1157-1184.
11. Guizani, M., & Abdalkrim, G. (2023). Does gender diversity on boards reduce the likelihood of financial distress? Evidence from Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 15(2), 287-306.
12. Kahl, M. (2002). Economic distress, financial distress, and dynamic liquidation. The Journal of Finance, 57(1), 135-168.
13. Kalbuana, N., Taqi, M., Uzliawati, L., & Ramdhani, D. (2022). The effect of profitability, board size, woman on boards, and political connection on financial distress conditions. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2142997.
14. Karagöz, Y. (2019). Spss-Amos-Meta Uygulamalı İstatiksel Analizler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
15. Luotonen, N., Puttonen, V., & Rantapuska, E. (2022). Ability, Educational Attainment, and Household Financial Distress. Journal of Consumer Policy, 45(4), 655-672.
16. McCarthy, Y. (2011). Behavioural characteristics and financial distress (No. 1303). ecb Working Paper.
17. Meeker, C. R., Geynisman, D. M., Egleston, B. L., Hall, M. J., Mechanic, K. Y., Bilusic, M., ... & Wong, Y. N. (2016). Relationships among financial distress, emotional distress, and overall distress in insured patients with cancer. Journal of oncology practice, 12(7), e755-e764.
18. O'Neill, B., Prawitz, A., Sorhaindo, B., Kim, J., & Garman, E. T. (2006). Changes in health, negative financial events, and financial distress/financial well-being for debt management program clients. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 17(2).
19. Outecheva, N. (2007). Corporate financial distress: An empirical analysis of distress risk (Doctoral dissertation, Verlag nicht ermittelbar).
20. Platt, H. D., & Platt, M. B. (2006). Understanding differences between financial distress and bankruptcy. Review of applied economics, 2(2), 141-157.
21. Prawitz, A., Garman, E. T., Sorhaindo, B., O'Neill, B., Kim, J., & Drentea, P. (2006). InCharge financial distress/financial well-being scale: Development, administration, and score interpretation. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 17(1).
22. Purnanandam, A. (2008). Financial distress and corporate risk management: Theory and evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 87(3), 706-739.
23. Saracel, N., Özkara, B., Karakaş, M., Özdemir, Ş., Yelken, R., Dündar, S., & Karaca, Y. (2002), “Afyon İli Tüketim Analizi, Tüketici Davranışları ve Eğilimleri”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, Cilt:27, Afyonkarahisar
24. Thai, S. B., Goh, H. H., HengTeh, B., Wong, J., & San Ong, T. (2014). A revisited of Altman z-score model for companies listed in Bursa Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(12).
25. TÜİK, https://www.tuik.gov.tr/
26. Xu, Y., Beller, A. H., Roberts, B. W., & Brown, J. R. (2015). Personality and young adult financial distress. Journal of Economic Psychology, 51, 90-100.
27. Whittred, G. & Zimmer, I. (1984). Timeliness of financial reporting and financial distress. Accounting Review, 287-295.
28. Zhou, Y., Lu, W., Liu, C., & Gan, H. (2023). The gender gap in financial distress. Applied Economics, 1-16.