Comparison of the Opinions of Bodybuilding Sportsmen Regarding the Use of Doping and Values Education of Sportsmen in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 527 - 534, 15.04.2019

Mehtap Yildiz Ozer Yildiz

https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.527

Öz

The purpose of this research is to examine the opinions of bodybuilding sportsmen regarding the use of doping by comparing them with the sportsmen values dimension. The research was carried out with qualitative research pattern, and interview method was used. The study group was consisted of 2 women, 10 men in total of 12 national sportsmen in bodybuilding branch from Turkey. The data were obtained through face to face interviews with bodybuilding sportsmen using the interview form. Then, the data were analyzed through content analysis method. As a result, it was determined that success without doping is difficult in bodybuilding sport, and almost all of the sportsmen use doping in this sports branch, yet doping causes health problems and unfair competition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bodybuilding, sportsmen, doping, sportsmen values

Kaynakça

• Alaranta, A., Alaranta, H., Holmila, J., Palmu, P, Pietila, K., & Helenius, I. (2006). Self-reported attitudes of elite athletes towards doping: Differences between type of sport. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(10), 842-846. doi: : 10.1055/s-2005-872969
• Barkoukis, V., Lazuras, L., Tsorbatzoudis, H., & Rodafinos, A. (2013). Motivational and social cognitive predictors of doping intentions in elite sports: An integrated approach. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 23(5), 330-340.
• Barkoukis, V., Lazuras, L., & Tsorbatzoudis, H. (2014). Beliefs about the causes of success in sports and susceptibility for doping use in adolescent athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(3), 212-219.
• Baron, D. A., Martin D. M., & Magd, S. A. (2007). Doping in sports and its spread to at-risk populations: An international review. World Psychiatry, 6(2), 118-123.
• Bloodworth, A., & McNamee, M. (2010). Clean olympians? Doping and anti-doping: The views of talented young British athletes. International Journal of Drug Policy, 21(4), 276–282.
• Creado, S., & Reardon, C. (2016). The sports psychiatrist and performance-enhancing drugs. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(6), 564-571.
• Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative enquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
• Cruz, J., Boixadós, M., Valiente, L., & Capdevilla, L. (1995). Prevalent values in young Spanish soccer players. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30(3-4), 353-371.
• Deligiannis, A. P., & Kouidi, E. I. (2012). Cardiovascular adverse effects of doping in sports. Hellenic Journal of Cardiology, 53(6), 447-457.
• Demirhan, G. (2014). Sports values and their education. Toplum ve Hekim [Comminity and Physcian], 29(5), 351-355.
• Devine, C., & Telfer, H. (2016). Beden egitimi ve spor neden degerlidir? [Why are sport and physical education valuable?]. In J. Whitehead, H. Telfer, & J. Lambert (Eds.). Altyapi sporlarinda ve beden egitiminde degerler [Values in Youth Sport and Physical Education](B. Gurpinar, Trans.). Ankara, Turkey: Nobel. (Original work published 2013)
• Dincer, N. (2010). The determining of knowledge level related to doping in elite athletes (Unpublished master’s thesis). Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
• Elbe, A. M., Schlegel, M., & Brand, R. (2012). Being a fair sportsman-ethical decision-making as a chance for doping prevention? Final report for the world anti-doping agency, social science research grant (2008-2011). Copenhagen, Denmark: University of Copenhagen.
• Eroz, M. F. (2007). Determination of information levels of doping and ergogenic help in the sportsmen of national level, athletics, wrestling, judo and weightlifting (Unpublished master’s thesis). Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
• Gau, L.-S., & James, J. D. (2013). A ten-value-type framework associated with spectator sports: A qualitative inquiry. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013485580
• Gencturk, G., Colakoglu, T., & Demirel, M. (2009). A research for determine the intelligence level of national sportsman for doping (wrestling sample). Nigde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 3(3), 213-221.
• Kurtipek, S., Celik, O. B., Yilmaz, B., & Yenel, I. F. (2016). Determination of the thoughts of national team athletes on the concept of doping: A study of metaphor analysis. Nigde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 10(2), 318-327.
• Lee, M. J., Whitehead, J., & Balchin, N. (2000). The measurement of values in youth sport: Development of the youth sport values questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 22(4), 307-326.
• Lee, M. J., & Cockman, M. (1995). Values in children's sport: spontaneously expressed values among young athletes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30(3-4), 337-350.
• Lee, M. J., Whitehead, J., & Ntoumanis, N. (2007). Development of the attitudes to moral decisions in youth sport questionnaire. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(3), 369-392.
• Lumpkin, A., Stoll, S. K., & Beller, J. M. (2003). Sport ethics applications for fair play. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
• Melzer, M., Elbe, A. M. & Brand, R. (2010). Moral and ethical decision-making: A chance for doping prevention in sports? Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, 4(1), 69-85.
• Morente-Sanchez, J. M., & Zabala, M. (2013). Doping in sport: a review of elite athletes’ attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge. Sports Medicine, 43(6), 395-411.
• Ongel, H. B. (1997). Doping in sport in terms of ethical values. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 2(2), 68-79.
• Ozturk Kuter, F., & Kuter, M. (2012). Moral education through physical education and sports. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, 3(6), 75-94.
• Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel arastirma ve degerlendirme yontemleri [Qualitative research and evaluation methods]. (M. Butun & S. B. Demir, Trans.Eds). Ankara, Turkey: Pegem Akademi. (Original work published 1990)
• Pitts, S. L. (2015). Sport values of bantam, midget and intermediate female hockey players and their minor hockey associations (Unpublished master’s thesis). Brock University, Ontario, Canada.
• Sahin, M. (2003). The problem of ethical values in activities (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
• Sahin, M. (1998). Spor ahlaki ve sorunlari [Sports morality and issues]. Istanbul, Turkey: Evrensel.
• Sapci, H. A. (2010). Examine the attitudes of students who participate in intercollegiate sport events towards doping usage (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Savulescu, J., Foddy, B., & Clayton, M. (2003). Why we should allow performance enhancing drugs in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(6), 666-674.
• Simon, R. L. (2003). Sports, relativism, and moral education. In J. Boxill (Ed.), Sports ethics: An anthology. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell.
• Simon, R. L. (2007). Internalism and internal values in sport (2nd ed., pp. 35-50). In W. J. Morgan (Ed.), Ethics in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Solberg, H. A., Hanstad, D. V., & Thoring, T. A. (2010). Doping in elite sport-do the fans care? Public opinion on the consequences of doping scandals. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(3), 2-16.
• Tavsancil, E., & Aslan, E. (2001). Icerik analizi ve uygulama ornekleri [Content analysis and application examples]. Istanbul, Turkey: Epsilon.
• Taware, G. B., & Bansode, D. G. (2015). Doping in sports. National Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 6(2), 89-92.
• Turkcapar, U., Koc, M., & Koc, M. (2014). Analyzing the attitudes of elite wrestlers related to the use of doping. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 16(1), 128-134.
• Turkcephe, G., Kumartasli, M., & Mamak, H. (2013). A research on information levels of weightlifters participated in Turkey youth championship about doping and on their doping utilization frequency. International Journal of Academic Research, 5(6), 17-22.
• Waddington, I. (2002). Sport, health and drugs: A critical sociological perspective. New York: Taylor & Francis.
• Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2015). Yarisma ve is birligi [Competition and cooperation]. (S. A. Ozdurmus, Trans.). In M. Sahin, & Z. Koruc (Trans. Eds.), Spor ve egzersiz psikolojisinin temelleri [Foundations of sport and exercise psychology] Ankara, Turkey: Nobel. (Original work published 1995)
• Yildirim, S. (2008). Investigating of weightlifters levels of knowledge about doping and ergogenic aids and frequency of using doping (Unpublished master’s thesis). Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
• Yildirim, A., & Simsek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastirma yontemleri [Qualitative research methods in social sciences]. Ankara, Turkey: Seckin.
• Yildiz, A. (2006). Investigation of the rate of doping use of sports in different branches in Cumhuriyet University Physical Education and Sports School and Sivas Amateur League (Unpublished master’s thesis). Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.