EVALUATION OF TRANSMISSION DURING ACTIVE DENTAL PROCEDURES DURING THE SARS-COV-2 PANDEMIC

Yıl 2022, , 133 - 144, 11.08.2022

İnan Kürem , Duygu Kılıç , Taner Öztürk , Fatma Doğruel , Soley Arslan

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1027803

Cited By: 1

Öz

The aim of the study was to evaluate the measures taken in a dentistry faculty due to the COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic and their application methods and based to create a guide for infection control management in dentistry. After the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, performed in the Dentistry Faculty of Erciyes University were only emergency treatments in the first 3 months (T1) and after this period, normalization procedures and routine treatments (T2) were performed by recruiting patients at much lower capacity than before the pandemic. COVID-19 infection and isolation status of all staff working in the hospital during these periods were recorded. The source of infection that reveals these situations is defined as an internal source (IS) from within the hospital and as an external-source (ES) from contact outside the hospital. In the T1 period, no physician had COVID-19 infection or was put into isolation. In the T2 period, 3 out of 176 physicians had COVID-19 infection due to ES, and a total of 12 physicians, 5 from IS and 7 from ES, were put into isolation. That there were no physicians, who had COVID-19 infection in the T1 and T2 time intervals due to IS, shows that the measures taken in our faculty were sufficient. We think that these rules, which were arranged separately for the needs of each department, in accordance with the pandemic conditions by our faculty's infection board, are an effective guide for dental clinics, oral and dental health polyclinics, hospitals, and dentistry faculties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

infection control, dentistry, COVID-19, dental procedures.

Teşekkür

Thank you to Prof. Dr. Duygu Percin Renders (in Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Saglik Bilimleri University) for her help and contribution.

SARS-COV-2 PANDEMİSİNDE AKTİF DENTAL PROSEDÜRLER SIRASINDAKİ BULAŞMANIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir diş hekimliği fakültesinde COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemisi nedeniyle alınan önlemleri ve uygulama yöntemlerini değerlendirmek ve diş hekimliğinde enfeksiyon kontrol yönetimi için bir rehber oluşturmaktır. COVID-19 pandemisinin başlamasından sonar Erciyes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi'nde ilk 3 ayda sadece acil tedaviler (T1) yapılmış ve bu dönemden sonra pandemi öncesi kapasiteye göre çok daha düşük sayıda alınarak hasta normalleşme işlemleri ve rutin tedaviler (T2) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu dönemlerde hastanede çalışan tüm personelin COVID-19 enfeksiyon ve izolasyon durumu kayıt altına alınmıştır. Bu durumları ortaya çıkaran enfeksiyon kaynağı, hastanede işlemler sırasındaki bir iç kaynaktan (İK) ve hastane dışındaki bir temastan bir dış kaynaktan (DK) olarak tanımlanmıştır. T1 döneminde hiç bir doktor COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmedi veya izole edilmedi. T2 döneminde 176 hekimden 3'ü ES'ye bağlı COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirdi ve İK'tan 5 ve DK'tan 7 olmak üzere toplam 12 hekim izole edildi. İK nedeniyle T1 ve T2 zaman aralığında COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren hekimin olmaması fakültemizde alınan tedbirlerin yeterli olduğunu göstermektedir. Fakültemiz enfeksiyon kurulu tarafından pandemi koşullarına uygun olarak her bölümün ihtiyacına göre ayrı ayrı düzenlenen bu kuralların diş klinikleri, ağız ve diş sağlığı poliklinikleri, hastaneler ve diş hekimliği fakülteleri için etkili bir rehber olduğunu düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

enfeksiyon kontrolü, diş hekimliği, COVID-19, dental prosedürler

Kaynakça

• 1. Ali S, Noreen S, Farooq I, Bugshan A, Vohra F. Risk Assessment of Healthcare Workers at the Frontline against COVID-19. Pak J Med Sci. 2020 May;36(COVID19-S4): S99-S103.
• 2. Wu YT, Ho WZ, Huang YW, Jin DY, Li Shi, Liu SL, Liu X et al. SARS-CoV-2 is an appropriate name for the new coronavirus. Lancet. 2020 Mar 21;395(10228):949-50.
• 3. Hamid H, Khurshid Z, Adanir N, Zafar MS, Zohaib S. COVID-19 Pandemic and Role of Human Saliva as a Testing Biofluid in Point-of-Care Technology. Eur J Dent. 2020 Dec; 14(S 01): S123-9.
• 4. Ather A, Patel B, Ruparel NB, Diogenes A, Hargreaves KM. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental care. J Endod. 2020 May; 46(5): 584-96.
• 5. Wax RS, Christian MD. Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients. Can J Anaesth. 2020 May; 67(5): 568-76.
• 6. Li JY, You Z, Wang Q, Zhou ZJ, Qiu Y, Luo R, Ge XY et al. The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future. Microbes Infect 2020 Mar; 22(2): 80-5.
• 7. Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold. JAMA. 2020 Feb 25; 323(8):707-8.
• 8. World Health Organization. Infection Prevention and Control of Epidemic- and Pandemic-Prone Acute Respiratory Infections in Health Care. Geneva: WHO; 2014.
• 9. Ge ZY, Yang LM, Xia JJ, Fu XH, Zhang YZ. Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2020 May;21(5): 361-8.
• 10. Holshue ML, De Bolt C, Lindquist S, Lofy KH, Wiesman J, Bruce H, Spitters C et al. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 5; 382(10): 929-36.
• 11. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15; 395(10223):497-506.
• 12. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Mar; 55(3):105924.
• 13. Alharbi A, Alharbi S, Alqaidi S. Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Saudi Dent J. 2020 May; 32(4):181-6.
• 14. Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Porter AL, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. (Comment) COVID‑19 vaccine safety. Int J Mol Med. 2020 Nov; 46(5):1599-1602.
• 15. Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. J Clin Invest. 2020 Apr 1; 130(4):1545-8.
• 16. Chughtai A, Malik A. Is Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case fatality ratio underestimated? Global Biosecurity. 2020; 1 (3). Available from: https://jglobalbiosecurity.com/articles/10.31646/gbio.56/?fbclid=IwAR38WUIQuZQ30LrggKwdcKGlH4nbl79O4WbvWrNqLoyyDgrXITEP8djYkEg
• 17. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1708-20.
• 18. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. 2020. Available on: (https://www. WHO. Int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/20200221-sitrep-32-covid Web site.) Published 2020. Accessed 29.03.2020.
• 19. Gamio L. The Workers Who Face the Highest Coronavirus Risk. New York Times. 15 March (2020).
• 20. Harrel SK, Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Apr; 135(4):429-37.
• 21. To KKW, Tsang OTY, Yip CCY, Chan KH, Wu TC, Chan JMC, Leung WS et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28; 71(15): 841-3.
• 22. Liu L, Wei Q, Alvarez X, Wang H, Du Y, Zhu H, Jiang H et al. Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques. J Virol. 2011 Apr; 85(8): 4025-30.
• 23. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020 Mar 3; 12(1): 9.
• 24. Clarkson J, Ramsay C, Aceves M, Brazzelli M, Colloc T, Dave M, et al. Recommendations for the re-opening of dental services: a rapid review of international sources. COVID-19 Dental Services Evidence Review (CoDER) Working Group. Cochrane Oral Health. pp. 1-36, 2020.
• 25. Schillie SF, Murphy TV, Sawyer M, Ly K, Hughes E, Jiles R, de Perio MA et al. CDC guidance for evaluating health-care personnel for hepatitis B virus protection and for administering postexposure management. MMWR. Recomm and Rep. 2013; 62 (RR-10): 1-19.
• 26. Shan S. Study Highlights Cancer Risks From Betel-Nut Chewing. Taipei Times 20062.
• 27. “U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration” Guidance on preparing workplaces for COVID-19 (2020). Website https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3990.pdf Published 2020. (Accessed 28 May 2020)
• 28. Beltrán-Aguilar E, Benzian H, Niederman R. Rational Perspectives on Risk and Certainty for Dentistry During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Infect Cont. 2021 Jan; 49(1):131-3.
• 29. Dziedzic A, Tanasiewicz M, Tysiąc-Miśta M. Dental Care Provision during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Importance of Continuous Support for Vulnerable Patients. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Jun 12; 56(6): 294.
• 30. Benzian H, Niederman R. A Dental Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic—Safer Aerosol-Free Emergent (SAFER) Dentistry. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Aug 12; 7:520. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00520. eCollection 2020.
• 31. Santé CSrdl. Recommandations relatives à la maîtrise des infections lors des soins réalisésen médecine dentaire. In. PUBLICATION DU CONSEIL SUPERIEUR DE LA SANTE N°8363. Vol rue de l’Autonomie 4. 1070 Bruxelles 2011.
• 32. Günaydın M, Perçin D, Esen Ş, Zenciroğlu D. Recommendations Guide for Infection Control in Dentistry “Diş Hekimliğinde Enfeksiyon Kontrolüne Yönelik Öneriler”. Istanbul: Disinfection Antisepsis Sterilization (DAS) Association “Dezenfeksiyon Antisepsi Sterilizasyon (DAS) Derneği”; 2015.