respıratıon type and soft palate shape

Yıl 2023, , 13 - 18, 25.12.2023

Taner Öztürk , Elshan Mammadov , Sertan Soylu

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1314020

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between respiratory type (nasal or mouth breathing) and soft palate shape in adults. The material of the study consisted of lateral cephalometric radiographs of 65 individuals (33 males, 32 females) with a mean age of 22.27±2.58 years with mouth breathing and 65 individuals (30 males, 35 females) with a mean age of 21.98±3.10 years with nasal (normal) breathing, who applied to the Orthodontic Clinic of Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry for treatment. The soft palate shape is classified into 6 categories as leaf type, rat tail type, butt-like type, straight line, S-shaped and crooked type. The Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance value was accepted as p<0.05. No significant relationship could be established between soft palate shape and gender (p>0.05). The butt-like type soft palate shape was found to be more common (30.2%) in males, while the rat tail type was more common (32.8%) in females. There was no significant relationship between breathing type and soft palate shape (p>0.05). It was determined that rat tail type soft palate shape (33,8%) was higher in mouth breathing, while leaf type (26.2%) soft palate shape was found to be high in nasal breathing. There is no relationship between the shape variations of the soft palate and the gender and respiratory type of the individual (mouth or nasal). Respiratory type does not affect the shape of the soft palate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mouth breathing, cephalometrics, soft palate

SOLUNUM TİPİ İLE YUMUŞAK DAMAK ŞEKLİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada erişkinlerdeki solunum tipi (burun veya ağız solunumu) ile yumuşak damak şekli arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini Erciyes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ortodonti Kliniğine tedavi amacıyla başvuran ağız solunumu teşhisi konulan ortalama yaşı 22.27±2.58 yıl olan 65 birey (33 erkek, 32 kadın) ve burun (normal) solunumu yapan ortalama yaşı 21.98±3.10 yıl olan 65 bireye (30 erkek, 35 kadın) ait lateral sefalometrik radyografiler oluşturmuştur. Yumuşak damak şekli yaprak tipi, sıçan kuyruğu tipi, geniş yaprak tipi, düz çizgi, S şeklinde ve eğrilmiş tip olarak 6 kategoride sınıflandırılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, Pearson Chi-Saure ve Fisher’s Exact testleri kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yumuşak damak şekli ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişki kurulamamıştır (p>0.05). Erkeklerde yaprak şeklindeki yumuşak damak şekli daha yüksek oranda (%30.2) bulunurken kadınlarda ise sıçan kuyruğu tipi daha yüksek oranda (%32.8) bulunmaktadır. Solunum tipi ile yumuşak damak şekli arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur (p>0.05). Ağız solunumu yapanlarda sıçan kuyruğu tipi yumuşak damak şekli (%33.8) daha yüksek oranda bulunurken burun solunumu yapanlarda ise yaprak (%26.2) şeklinde yumuşak damak şeklinin yüksek oranda bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yumuşak damağın şekil varyasyonları ile cinsiyet ve bireyin solunum tipi (ağız veya burun) bir ilişki yoktur. Solunum tipi yumuşak damak şeklini etkilememektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ağız solunumu, sefalometri, yumuşak damak

Kaynakça

• Linder-Aronson S. Respiratory function in relation to facial morphology and the dentition. Br J Orthod 1979;6:59-71. doi: 10.1179/bjo.6.2.59.
• Ziylan D, Aktören O. Çocuklarda Ağız Solunumunun Kraniyofasiyal Gelişime ve Ağız Sağlığına Etkileri. Çocuk Dergisi 2022;22:131-136. doi: 10.26650/jchild.2022.947700
• Phulari BS. Orthodontics: Principles and Practice. JP Medical Ltd, New Delhi 2011; pp 23-78.
• Abreu RR, Rocha RL, Lamounier JA, Guerra AF. Etiology, clinical manifestations and concurrent findings in mouth-breathing children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2008;84:529-535. doi: 10.2223/JPED.1844.
• Godinho R, Britto AT, Carvalho DG, Mocellin M. The role of adenotonsillar hipertrophy in mouth-breathing syndrome. In: Sıh T, Chinski A, Eavey R, Godinho R (eds), IV IAPO Manual of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngologhy. Interamerican Association of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngologhy, Sao Paulo 2005; pp 83-8.
• Yıldırım M. , Aktören O. Çocuklarda Ağizdan Solunumun Ağiz Diş Sağliğina Ve Çevre Dokulara Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent 2007; 41: 65-74. Site: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jiufd/issue/8844/110479
• Valera FC, Travitzki LV, Mattar SE, Matsumoto MA, Elias AM, et al. Muscular, functional and orthodontic changes in pre school children with enlarged adenoids and tonsils. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2003;67:761-770. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5876(03)00095-8.
• Ülgen M. Ortodonti: Anomaliler, Sefalometri, Etioloji, Büyüme ve Gelişim, Tanı. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Yayınları, İstanbul 1999; pp 213-305.
• Maspero C, Giannini L, Galbiati G, Rosso G, Farronato G. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a literature review. Minerva Stomatol 2015;64:97-109. PMID: 25747430
• Erverdi N. Çağdaş Ortodonti. Quintessence Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2017; pp 209-2021.
• Erdur Ö, Erdur E, Erol M. Çocuklarda ağız solunumunun kraniyofasiyal gelişim üzerine etkisi. KBB Uygulamaları 2018;6:6-10. doi: 10.5606/kbbu.2018.30301
• Warren DW. Effect of airway obstruction upon facial growth. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1990;23:699-712. PMID: 2199902.
• Aisha Khoja. Soft Palate Dimensions and Nasopharyngeal Depth (Need’s Ratio) In Different Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Lateral Cephalometric Study. Adv Dent & Oral Health 2018; 8: 555726. doi:10.19080/ADOH.2018.07.555726
• Kaurani H, Suchita T. Correlation of soft palate shape with skeletal malocclusion. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2021;12:103-107. doi: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_1_21
• Toygar Memikoğlu U, Pakir M. Yumuşak Damak ve Velofarengeal Yetersizlik. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Dergisi 2001;28:223-232.
• Samdani D, Saigal A, Garg E. Correlation of morphological variants of soft palate and types of malocclusion: A digital lateral cephalometric study. J Indian Acad Oral M 2015;27:366-371. doi: 10.4103/0972-1363.170451
• You M, Li X, Wang H, Zhang J, Wu H, et al. Morphological variety of the soft palate in normal individuals: a digital cephalometric study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008;37:344-349. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/55898096.
• Pépin JLD, Veale D, Ferretti GR, Mayer P, Lévy PA. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: hooked appearance of the soft palate in awake patients—cephalometric and CT findings. Radiology 1999;210:163-170. doi: 10.1148/radiology.210.1.r99ja10163.
• Cohen SR, Chen L, Trotman CA, Burdi AR. Soft-palate myogenesis: a developmental field paradigm. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1993;30:441-446. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_1993_030_0441_spmadf_2.3.co_2.
• Taylor M, Hans MG, Strohl KP, Nelson S, Broadbent BH. Soft tissue growth of the oropharynx. Angle Orthod 1996;66:393-400. doi: 10.1043/0003-3219(1996)066<0393:STGOTO>2.3.CO;2.
• Simpson RK, Austin AA. A cephalometric investigation of velar stretch. Cleft Palate J. 1972;9:341-351. PMID: 4509238.
• Ülgen M. Ortodontik Tedavi Prensipleri. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Yayınları, İstanbul 1999; pp 104-196.
• Proffit W, Fields Jr H. Contemporary Orthodontics. Mosby–Year Book Inc., St. Louis 1993; pp 105-138.
• Chung Leng Muñoz I, Beltri Orta P. Comparison of cephalometric patterns in mouth breathing and nose breathing children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78:1167-1172. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.04.046.
• Rodenstein DO, Stănescu DC. Soft palate and oronasal breathing in humans. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1984;57:651-657. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.651.
• Juliano ML, Machado MA, Carvalho LB, Prado LB, do Prado GF. Mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2009;67:860-865. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x2009000500015.
• Aljahdali AA, Reda AS, Ahmad RG, Barnawi RA, Abduljabbar AH, et al. Correlation between Clinical and Radiographic Findings in the Assessment of Adenoid Hypertrophy. J Evolution Med Dent Sci 2020;9:378-382. doi: 10.14260/jemds/2020/87
• Matsuo K, Metani H, Mays KA, Palmer JB. Effects of respiration on soft palate movement in feeding. J Dent Res 2010;89:1401-1406. doi: 10.1177/0022034510377336.
• Subramaniam N. Correlation of morphological variants of soft palate and types of occlusion in patients seeking orthodontic assessment. Int J Sci Res. 2015;6:1923-1926.
• Praveen B, Shubhasini A, Vaseemuddin S, Amrutesh S, Pal S. Various Shapes of Soft Palate: A Lateral Cephalometric Study. World J Dent 2011;2:207-210. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1084
• Modak R. Morphology of Soft Palate – Analysis by Digital Cephalometric Study. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 2019;18:57-62. doi: 10.9790/0853-1808095762.
• Guttal KS, Breh R, Bhat R, Burde KN, Naikmasur VG. Diverse Morphologies of Soft Palate in Normal Individuals: A Cephalometric Perspective. J Indian Aca Oral Med Radiol 2012;24:15-19. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1252.