YAŞLANMA VE KARDIYOVASKÜLER HASTALIKLAR

Öz

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’ne göre yaşlı terimi; 65 yaşın üstündeki kişiler için ifade edilmektedir. Yaşlanmayla birlikte kalp atım hacminde, kalp işlevinde, oksijenin tüketiminde ve atım sayısında düşmeler meydana gelmektedir. Yaşlanma ile birlikte kardiyovasküler sistemde birçok değişiklik meydana gelmekte ve bu durum hastalıklara zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu derleme makale de yaşlanma ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar arasındaki fizyolojik ilişkiye değinmek amaçlanmıştır. Genetik zemindeki farklılıklara ve yaşa bağlı olarak kalbin kan pompalama becerisi düşer, miyokard esnekliğini kaybeder, kalp kapaklarının çapında kalınlaşma ve artma meydana gelir. Yaşlanma yaşamın kaçınılmaz bir bölümüdür ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için en önemli risk faktörünü oluşturmaktadır. Arterioskleroza bağlı olarak kan damarlarının kalınlığı artarken elastikiyeti düşer. Yaşlılıkta kardiyovasküler sistemdeki işlevsel ve yapısal değişimler koroner arter hastalığı, kalp hastalıkları, kalp yetmezliği, venöz tromboz ve hipertansiyon görülme riskini artırmaktadır. Yaşlanma ile kardiyak debi ve stroke volüme düşüp, postural hipotansiyon riski yükselmektedir. İlerleyen yaşla damarların sertleşip elastikiyetinin düşmesi sonucu sistolik kan basıncında sürekli bir yükseliş meydana gelir. 60 ve sonrasında diyastolik kan basıncında ise ya hafifçe bir düşme görülür ya da değişiklik görülmez.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşlanma
• kardiyovasküler hastalıklar
• kronik hastalıklar

AGING AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Öz

According to the World Health Organization, the term “elderly” refers to people over the age of 65. Decreases in heart rate, heart function, oxygen consumption and stroke rate occur with aging. Many changes occur in the cardiovascular system with aging, and this predisposes to diseases. The aim of this review article is to examine the physiological relationship between aging and cardiovascular diseases. Depending on genetic differences and age, the heart's ability to pump blood decreases, the myocardium loses flexibility, and the heart valves thicken and increase in diameter. Aging is an inevitable part of life and constitutes the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Arteriosclerosis increases the thickness of blood vessels while decreasing their elasticity. Functional and structural changes in the cardiovascular system in older ages increase the risk of coronary artery disease, heart diseases, heart failure, venous thrombosis, and hypertension. Cardiac output and stroke volume decreases and the risk of postural hypotension increases. With advancing age, a continuous rise in systolic blood pressure occurs as a result of a hardening of the vessels and their diminished elasticity. After the age of 60, either a slight decrease or no change is seen in diastolic blood pressure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aging
• cardiovascular diseases
• chronic diseases.

Kaynakça

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