MAST HÜCRE PROTEAZLARI VE BİYOLOJİK ÖNEMİ

Öz

Proteazlar, proteinazlar veya peptidazlar o r g a n i z m a d a s e n t e z l e n e n p r o t e i n l e r i n kompozisyonunun, büyüklüğünün, biçiminin ve döngüsünün kontrolünde esansiyel olan enzimlerdir. Bu enzimler kanın pıhtılaşması, kontrollü hücre ölümü ve doku farklılaşması gibi yaşam için önemli biyolojik süreçlerde rol oynar. Triptaz, kimaz, karboksipeptidaz, katepsin C ve G gibi nötral proteazlar özellikle insan ve rat mast hücrelerindeki salgı granüllerinin dominant protein unsurlarıdır ve seçici olarak bu hücrelerde lokalize olurlar. Nötral proteazları, diğer hücre tiplerine oranla memeli mast hücrelerinde yüksek düzeylerde bulunduğundan biyolojik doku ve sıvılarda, mast hücrelerinin rol oynadığı biyolojik olayların tanımlanmasında ölçüt olarak kullanılır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mast hücreleri, proteazlar, biyolojik önemi

Mast Cell Proteases and Biological Significance

Öz

Proteases, proteinases, or peptidases are enzymes essential for controlling protein composition, size, shape and the turnover of synthesized proteins. These enzymes are involved in essential biological processes like blood clotting, controlled cell death and tissue differentiation. Neutral proteases such as tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin C and G are the dominant protein components of secretory granules in human and rat mast cells, and are selectively concentrated in these cells. Because of the high levels of neutral proteases in mammalian mast cells relative to other cell types, these enzymes are useful as markers of mast cell involvement in biologic events

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mast cells, proteases, biological significance

Kaynakça

1. Stenton GR, Befus AD. Role of intestinal mast cell in modulating gastrointestinal pathophysiology. Ann Allerg Asthma Im 1998, 81:1-15.
2. Chugunova E. Biological Function of Mast Cell Chymase. Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 2004.
3. Irani AA, Schechter NM, Craig SS, DeBlois G, Schwartz LB. Two types of human mast cells that have distinct neutral protease compositions. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1986, 88:4464-4468.
4. McNeil HP, Gotis-Graham I. Human mast cell subsets-distinct functions in inflammation? Inflam Res 2000, 49:3-7.
5. Schwartz LB. Mast cells and their role in urticaria. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991, 25:190- 204.
6. Wolters PJ, Laig-Webster M, Caughey GH. Dipeptyl peptidase I cleaves matrix-associated proteins and is expressed mainly by mast cells in normal dog airways. Am J Resp Cell Mol 2000, 22:183-190.
7. Henningsson F, Wolters P, Chapman HA, Caughey GH, Pejler G. Mast cell cathepsins C and S control levels of carboxypeptidase A and the chymase, mouse mast cell protease 5. Biol Chem 2005, 384:1527-1531.
8. Brown JK, Jones JA, Rooney LA, Caughey GH. Mast cell tryptase activates extracellular- regulated kinases (p44/p42) in airway smooth-muscle cells. Am J Res Cell Mol 2001, 24:146-154.

9. Payne V, Kam CA. Mast cell tryptase: a review of its physiology and clinical significance. Anaesthesia 2004, 59:695-703.
10. Rossi GL, Olivieri D. Does the mast cell stil have a key role in asthma? Chest 1997, 112:523-529.
11. Schwartz LB. Tryptase, a mediator of human mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990, 86: 594-598.
12. Weidinger S, Mayerhofer A, Frungieri MB, Meineke V, Ring J, Kohn FM. Mast cell-sperm interaction: evidence for tryptase and proteinase-activated receptors in the regulation of sperm motility. Human Reprod 2000, 318:2519-2524.
13. Schechter NM, Brass LF, Lavker RM, Jensen PJ. Reaction of mast cell proteases tryptase and chymase with protease activated receptors (PARs) on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1998, 176:365-373.
14. Brown JK, Jones JA, Rooney LA, Caughey GH. Mast cell tryptase activates extracellular- regulated kinases (p44/p42) in airway smooth-muscle cells. Am J Res Cell Mol 2001, 24:146-154.
15. Payne V, Kam CA. Mast cell tryptase: a review of its physiology and clinical significance. Anaesthesia 2004, 59:695-703.
16. Rossi GL, Olivieri D. Does the mast cell stil have a key role in asthma? Chest 1997, 112:523-529.
17. Schwartz LB. Tryptase, a mediator of human mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990, 86: 594-598.
18. Weidinger S, Mayerhofer A, Frungieri MB, Meineke V, Ring J, Kohn FM. Mast cell-sperm interaction: evidence for tryptase and proteinase-activated receptors in the regulation of sperm motility. Human Reprod 2000, 318:2519-2524.
19. Schechter NM, Brass LF, Lavker RM, Jensen PJ. Reaction of mast cell proteases tryptase and chymase with protease activated receptors (PARs) on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1998, 176:365-373.
20. Johnson JL, Jackson CL, Angelini GD, George SJ. Activation of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases by mast cell proteases in atherosclerotic plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998, 18:1707-1715.
21. Weidinger S, Mayerhofer A, Frungieri MB, Meineke V, Ring J, Kohn FM. Mast cell-sperm interaction: evidence for tryptase and proteinase-activated receptors in the regulation of sperm motility. Human Reprod 2000, 318:2519-2524.
22. Schechter NM, Brass LF, Lavker RM, Jensen PJ. Reaction of mast cell proteases tryptase and chymase with protease activated receptors (PARs) on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1998, 176:365-373.
23. Brown JK, Tyler CL, Jones CA, Ruoss SJ, Hartmann T, Caughey GH. Tryptase, the do- minant secretory granular protein in human mast cells, is a potent mitogen for cultured dog tracheal smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995, 13:227-236.
24. Sali A, Matsumoto R, McNeil HP, Karplus M, Stevens RL. Three-dimensional models of four mouse mast cell chymases. Identification of proteoglycan binding regions and protease- specific antigenic epitopes. J Biol Chem 1993, 268:9023-9034.
25. Pejler G, Berg L. Regulation of rat mast cell protease 1 activity. Protease inhibition is prevented by heparin proteoglycan. Eur J Biochem 1995, 233:192-199