BELLEĞİN EPİGENETİK DÜZENLENMESİ: MİKRORNA’LARIN ROLÜ

Öz

“MikroRNA(miRNA)’lar” kodlanmayan RNA’lar sınıfına ait moleküller olup, protein sentezinin transkripsiyon sonrası (posttranskripsiyonel) düzenleyicileri olarak tanımlanırlar. Bu posttranskripsiyonel düzenlemenin neredeyse tüm biyolojik süreçlerde rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Son zamanlarda miRNA aracılı bu regülasyonun, aktivite bağımlı gen ekspresyonunun yer aldığı öğrenme ve bellek oluşumu için de kritik olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu endojen RNA’ların sadece öğrenme ve bellek gibi normal beyin fonksiyonlarında değil, aynı zamanda bilişsel işlevlerin etkilendiği çok sayıda nörodejeneratif hastalığın fizyopatolojisinde de işe karıştığı gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemede miRNA’ların sinaptik plastisitedeki rolleri ve bazı nörodejeneratif hastalıklarla ilişkileri ele alınmıştır. Nöral plastisitede miRNA’ların rollerinin tam olarak anlaşılması, bellek fonksiyonlarının bozulduğu nörolojik hastalıklar için genetik tedavilerin ve yeni teşhis yöntemlerinin gelişimine kapı açabilecektir.”

Anahtar Kelimeler

• mikroRNA, bellek, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar

The Epıgenetıc Regulatıon Of Memory: The Role Of Mıcrornas

Öz

“MicroRNAs (miRNAs)” are a class of non-coding RNAs defined as posttranscriptional regulators of protein synthesis. It is believed that this posttranscriptional regulation has been implicated in virtually all aspects of biological processes. Recently, it has been understood that miRNA-mediated regulation is critical for learning and memory formation which requires activity-dependent gene expression. Emerging evidence indicates that these endogenous RNAs are involved in not only normal brain functions such as learning and memory, but also the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases in which cognitive functions are influenced. In this review, the roles of miRNAs in synaptic plasticity and their relation to some neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. With further elaboration of the role of miRNAs in neural plasticity, the door will be opened for the development of new diagnostic tests and genetic therapies for neurodegenerative diseases in which memory functions are impaired.”

Anahtar Kelimeler

• microRNA, memory, neurodegenerative disease

Kaynakça

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