GLOBAL EPIDEMICCOVID-19, IMMUNITY AND HOME-BASED EXERCISES

Öz

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and systemic disease that causes disorders of respiratory and physical functions in individuals, as well as psychological functions for reasons such as fear, panic and anxiety that develop due to the disease. Due to the COVID-19 out break, which is spreading at an unavoidable pace, many countries went to partial and general quarantine practices and recommended their citizens to stay at home. It has been noted that restrictions to reduce the risk of transmission may cause individuals to adopt a sedentary life style, where participation in physical activity negatively affects them. Mandatory measures taken in the epidemic process should not mean that physical activity options are limited or that physical activity is completelyeliminated. Physical activity at home is essential for strong health in order to stay healthy in the present unstable environment and streng then the immunity. Being immobile for any reason weakens heart health and increases the risk of coronary artery disease and sudden cardiac death in the long term. In addition to being an exercise training for people who stay at home due to restrictions, home-based physical activities are also important for staying healthy during the epidemic process and reducing the possible negative situations that the epidemic can cause. Home-based exercises are recommended to improve both our physical and cognitive health and to help us get through the process healthier, to maintain and streng then health and to maintain immunity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• exercise
• immunity
• pandemic
• quarantine

KÜRESEL SALGIN COVID-19, BAĞIŞIKLIK VE EV TEMELLİ EGZERSİZLER

Öz

Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19), bireylerde solunum ve fiziksel fonksiyonlar ile hastalığa bağlı gelişen korku, panik ve endişe gibi nedenlerle psikolojik işlevlerde bozukluğa sebep olan oldukça bulaşıcı ve sistemik bir hastalıktır. Önlenemeyen hızda yayılım gösteren COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle birçok ülke kısmi ve genel karantina uygulamasına giderek, vatandaşlarının evde kalmalarını tavsiye etmiştir. Bulaş riskini azaltmak amacıyla uygulanan kısıtlamaların fiziksel aktiviteye katılımı olumsuz etkilediği, bireylerin sedanter yaşam biçimini benimsemesine neden olabileceği belirtilmektedir. Salgın sürecinde alınan zorunlu tedbirler, fiziksel aktivite seçeneklerinin sınırlı olması veya fiziksel aktivitenin tümüyle ortadan kaldırılması anlamına gelmemelidir. Mevcut istikrarsız bir çevrede sağlıklı kalmak ve bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmek amacıyla evde fiziksel aktivite güçlü bir sağlık için gereklidir. Herhangi bir nedenle hareketsiz kalmak, kalp sağlığını zayıflatır ve uzun dönemde koroner arter hastalığı ve ani kardiyak ölüm riskini artırır. Ev temelli fiziksel aktivitelerin, kısıtlamalardan dolayı evde kalan kişiler için bir egzersiz eğitimi olmasının yanı sıra, salgın sürecinde sağlıklı kalmak ve salgının ortaya çıkarabileceği muhtemel olumsuz durumların azaltılması için de önem arz etmektedir. Hem fiziksel hem de bilişsel sağlığımızı geliştirmek ve süreci daha sağlıklı atlatabilmemiz, sağlığın korunması ve güçlendirilmesi ile bağışıklığın devamı için ev temelli egzersizler tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bağışıklık
• COVID-19
• egzersiz
• karantina
• salgın

Kaynakça

1. 1. Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, et al. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J Sport Health Sci 2020; 9(2):103-104.
2. 2. Habibzadeh F, Lang T. The Coronavirus pandemic: The show must go on. Int J Occup Environ Med 2020; 11(2): 63-64.
3. 3. Zhao HM, Xie YX, Wang C. Recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation in adults with COVID-19. Chin Med J 2020; 133(13):1595-1502.
4. 4. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395(10229):1054-1062.
5. 5. Wang W, Tang J, Wei F. Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol 2020; 92(4): 441-447.
6. 6. Raedler D and Schaub B. Immune mechanisms and development of childhood asthma.Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2(8):647-656.
7. 7. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395(10227):912-920.
8. 8. Owen N, Sparling PB, Healy GN, et al. Sedentary Behavior: Emerging Evidence for a New Health Risk. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85:1138-1141.

9. 9. Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defence system. J Sport Health Sci 2019; 8(3): 201-217.
10. 10. Grande AJ, Keogh J, Silva V, et al. Exercise versus no exercise for the occurrence, severity, and duration of acute respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 4(4).
11. 11. Wong CM, Lai HK, Ou CQ, et al. Is exercise protective against influenza-associated mortality? PLoS One 2008; 3(5):e2108.
12. 12. Parker S, Brukner P, Rosier M. Chronic fatigue syndrome and the athlete. Sport Med Train Rehab 1996;6:269-278.
13. 13. Folsom RW, Littlefield-Chabaud MA, French DD, et al. Exercise alters the immune response to equine influenza virus and increases susceptibility to infection. Equine Vet J 2001;33:664-669.
14. 14. Roberts JA. Viral illnesses and sports performance. Sports Med 1986;3:298-303.
15. 15. Halabchi F, Ahmadinejad Z, Selk-Ghaffari M. COVID-19 Epidemic: Exercise or not to exercise; That is the question! Asian J Sports Med 2020; 11(1):e102630.
16. 16. Kendall AL, Hoffman-Goetz L, Houston M, et al. Exercise and blood lymphocyte subset responses: intensity, duration and subject fitness effects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1990; 69:251-260.
17. 17. Tvede N, Kappel M, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, et al. The effect of light, moderate and severe bicycle exercise on lymphocyte subsets, natural and lymphokine activated killer cells, lymphocyte proliferative response and interleukin 2 production. Int J Sports Med 1993; 14:275-282.
18. 18. Zhu, W. Should, and how can, exercise be done during a coronavirus outbreak? An interview with Dr. Jeffrey A. Woods. J Sport Health Sci 2020: 9(2):105-107.
19. 19. Pollock RD, O’Brien KA, Daniels LJ, et al. Properties of the vastus lateralis muscle in relation to age and physiological function in master cyclists aged 55-79 years. Aging Cell 2018; 17(2):e12735.
20. 20. Jiménez-Pavón D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Lavie CJ. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020; 63(3) 386-388.
21. 21. Peçanha T, Goessler KF, Roschel H, et al. Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic can increase physical inactivity and the global burden of cardiovascular disease, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318: H1441-H1446.
22. 22. Lippi G, Henry BM, Sanchis-Gomar F. Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27(9):906-908.
23. 23. Bhaskarabhatla KV, Birrer R. Physical activity and diabetes mellitus. Compr Ther 2005; 31(4):291-298.
24. 24. Sanchis-Gomar F, Lucia A, Yvert T, et al. Physical inactivity and low fitness deserve more attention to alter cancer risk andprognosis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8(2):105-110.
25. 25. Castrogiovanni P, Trovato FM, Szychlinska MA, et al. The importance of physical activity in osteoporosis. From the molecular pathways to the clinical evidence. Histol Histopathol 2016; 31(11):1183-1194.
26. 26. Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F. An estimation of the worldwide epidemiologic burden of physical inactivity-related ischemic heart disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34(1):133-137.
27. 27. Norman LG. The health of bus drivers a study in London transport. The Lancet 1958; 272(7051):807-812.
28. 28. Morris JN, Crawford MD. Coronary Heart Disease and Physical Activity Of Work: Evidence of a National Necropsy Survey. Brit Med Journal 1958; 2 (5111):1485-1496.
29. 29. Carvalho VO, Gois CO. COVID-19 pandemic and home-based physical activity. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jaip. 2020.05.018.
30. 30. Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM and et al. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA 2018; 320(19):2020-2028.
31. 31. Zengin Alpözgen A, Razak Özdinçler A. Fiziksel Aktivite ve koruyucu etkileri: Derleme. HSP 2016; 3(1):66-72.
32. 32. Tate DF, Lyons EJ, Valle CG. High-tech tools for exercise motivation: use and role of technologies such as the internet, mobile applications, social media, and video games. Diabetes Spectr 2015; 28:45-54.
33. 33. İnal İnce D, Vardar Yağlı N, Sağlam M ve ark. Covıd-19 enfeksiyonunda akut ve post-akut fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon. Turk J Physiother Rehabil 2020;31(1):81-93.
34. 34. Kurtaiş Aytür Y, Köseoğlu BF, Özyemişçi Taşkıran Ö ve ark. Sars-Cov-2 (Covıd-19) Sonrası Pulmoner Rehabilitasyon Prensipleri: Akut ve Subakut Sürecin Yönetimi İçin Rehber. J PMR Sci 2020;23(2):111-28.