KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK TOPLUMUNDA TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ALGISINA YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte tasarlanan bu çalışmada, Kuzey Kıbrıslı bireylerin toplumsal cinsiyet algısını ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amaçlandı. Çalışmanın örneklemini 304 kişi oluşturdu. Çalışmanın verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. İstatistiksel analizlerde katılımcıların “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı Ölçeği’nden ortalama 89.08±16.28 puan aldıkları belirlendi. Ayrıca analizlerde kadınların erkeklere (p<0.001), İskele’de yaşayanların Yeşiköyde yaşayanlara (p=0.003) ve en uzun süre şehirde yaşamış olanların köyde yaşayanlara (p=0.024), bekârların evlilere (p=0.015), 25 yaş altı bireylerin 36 yaş ve üstü bireylere, kıyasla toplumsal cinsiyet algısının daha olumlu olduğu saptandı (p=0.002). Çalışmada dört ve fazla sayıda kardeşi olanlarda toplumsal cinsiyet algısının daha olumsuz (p=0.022); yalnızca kız kardeşi olanlarda daha olumlu olduğu belirlendi (p=0.033). Üniversite ve üzeri eğitime sahip bireylerin toplumsal cinsiyet algısı diğer eğitim gruplarından yüksekti (p<0.001). Ayrıca anne ve baba eğitim seviyesinin yüksek olması bireylerin toplumsal cinsiyet algısını pozitif yönde etkilemişti (p<0.001). Bu çalışmanın sonucunda katılımcıların toplumsal cinsiyet algısının çok yüksek düzeyde olmasa da pozitif olduğu ve pek çok faktörden etkilendiği belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kadın
• Kıbrıs
• toplumsal cinsiyet
• toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği

A STUDY ON GENDER PERCEPTIONS IN NORTHERN CYPRUS TURKISH COMMUNITY

Öz

This cross-sectional and descriptive study aims to identify the gender perception and the affecting factors in individuals from Northern Cyprus. The sample of the study included 304 participants, and the data were collected through the Socio-demographic Form and the Perception of Gender Scale. Statistical analyses showed that the participants’ “Perception of Gender Scale” mean score was 89,08±16,28. The analysis results also showed that gender perceptions were more positive in women compared to men (p<0.001), in individuals living in İskele compared to the ones living in Yeşilköy (p=0.003), in individuals who lived in the city the longest period compared to the ones lived in the village (p=0.024), in single people compared to married people (p=0.015), and in those aged 25 and below compared to those aged 36 and above (p=0.002). Gender perception also was found to be lower in individuals who had four and more siblings (p=0.022), but it was found to be higher in those who had only girls as siblings (p=0.033). On the other hand, the gender perception of the individuals who had an education level of university and above was higher than the participants who had other education levels (p<0.001). Also high education level of the parents had an positive effect on the gender perception of the individuals (p<0.001). The results of this study showed that although the participants’ gender perception was not very high, it was positive and was affected by many factors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cyprus
• gender
• gender equality
• perception
• woman

Kaynakça

1. World Health Organization. Gender and Health: Technical Paper. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/63998/WHO_FRH_WHD_98.16.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed at: 2022 February 10.
2. Durgun C, Gök GO. Comparatıve analysis of BRCS & G7 in the context of social gender inequality. Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences 2017; 10(2): 20-32.
3. Özaydınlık K. Women in Turkey on the basis of gender and education. Journal of Social Policy Studies 2014; 14(33): 93-112.
4. Üner S. Social genderequality. T.R. Prime Ministry General Directorate on the Status of Women. https://www.ilkadim.bel.tr/yerel-esitlik/9.pdf. Accessed at: 2022 February 10.
5. Vatandaş C. Toplumsalcinsiyet v e cinsiyetrollerininalgılanışı. Journal of Economy Cultureand Society 2007; 35: 29-56.
6. Dökmen ZY. ToplumsalCinsiyet: SosyalPsikolojikAçıklamalar. (1th ed.). SistemYayıncılık, İstanbul 2004.
7. Şahin M. Gendersensitivebudgeting: A review. Fe Dergisi 2011; 3(2): 85- 100.
8. Brown CS, Stone EA. Gender stereotypes and discrimination: How sexism impacts development. Adv Child Dev Behav2016; 50:105-33.

9. Elgün A, Alemdar YM. A study oriented on the communication faculty students’ attitudes towards gender roles: Ege University sample.International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 2017; 3(3): 1055-1067.
10. Şimşek H. Effects of gender inequalities on women’s reproductive health: the case of Turkey. DEÜ Tıp FakültesiDergisi 2011; 25(2): 119-126.
11. Fredrickson BL, Roberts TA. Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly 1997; 21(2): 173–206.
12. Ong AD, Burrow AL, Fuller-Rowell TE, Ja NM, Sue DW. Racial microaggressions and daily well-being among Asian Americans. J CounsPsychol 2013; 60(2):188-99.
13. Szymanski DM. Heterosexism and sexism as correlates of psychological distress in lesbians. Journal of Counseling & Development 2005; 83(3): 355-360.
14. Sezgin D. Health and medicalization ın gender perspective. Journal of Sociological Research 2015; 18(1): 153-186.
15. Türmen T. Toplumsalcinsiyetvekadınsağlığı. In Akın A (eds), ToplumsalCinsiyet, Kadın veSağlıkKitabı.HacettepeÜniversitesiYayınları, Ankara 2003; pp 3-16.
16. Altınova HH, Duyan V. The validity and reliability of Perception of Gender Scale. ToplumveSosyalHizmet 2013; 24(2): 9-22.
17. Savaş G. Gender (In) equality perception of individuals living in Turkey.Mediterranean Journal of Gender and Women’s Studies, 2018; 1(2): 101-121.
18. Gregoriou Z. State of the Art and Mapping of Competences Report: Cyprus, QUING Project, Vienna: Institute for Human Sciences (IWM). http://www.iwm.at/projects/quing/www.quing.eu/files/results/soa_cyprus.pdf. Accessed at: 2020 December 20.
19. Köse O. Cyprus in History. İmakOfset, İstanbul 2017.
20. Cyprus Dialogue Forum. Gender equality and anti-discrimination against women – list of issues. https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/CYP/INT_CEDAW_NGO_CYP_29431_E.pdf. Accessed at: 2022 February 10.
21. Lisaniler GF. Gender equality in North Cyprus (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus). Quaderns de la Mediterrania 2006; 7:133-140.
22. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) Public Information Ofiice Economy. https://pio.mfa.gov.ct.tr/en/economy. Accessed at: 2022 February 12.
23. Takır A, Özerem A. Investigation of the foreign students’ problems in a school environment including different cultures from the context of multiculturalism. Kastamonu Education Journal 2020; 28(1): 406-420.
24. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Statistical Instıtute. Statistical Yearbook 2019. http://www.stat.gov.ct.tr/IST-YIL-2019.aspx. Accessed at: 2022 February 12.
25. Association for Support for Life from Women. Profile of Women in the Northern Part of Cyprus. https://www.kayad.org/yayin/. Accessed at: 2022 February 12.
26. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ministry of National Education and Culture. Statistical Yearbook 2018.http://eohd.mebnet.net/sites/default/files/2017-2018_IstatistikYilligi_201801.pdf. Accessed at: 2022 February 13.
27. The Legislative Assembly of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. https://www.cm.gov.nc.tr/Milletvekillerimiz1. Accessed at: 2022 February 13.
28. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Gender Equality Department. https://csgb.gov.ct.tr/. Accessed at: 2022 February 12.
29. Scott J. Sexual and national boundaries in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 1995; 22(2): 385-403.
30. World Economic Forum. The Global Gender Gap Report. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2017.pdf. Accessed at: 2022 February 10.
31. World Economic Forum. The Global Gender Gap Report. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf. Accessed at: 2022 February 10.
32. Pesen A, Kara İ, Kale M, Abbak BS. Examining university students’ perceptions of gender and their conflict and violent awareness levels. International Journal of Society Researches 2016; 6(11): 327-339.
33. Tekin ÖA. Gender perceptıon in tourism industry: A study on five star hotel employees. Eurasian Journal of Social and Economic Research 2017; 4(12):669-84.
34. Uçtu KA, Karahan N. Analysis of the relation between gender roles, social gender perception of the health college students and their violence tendency. Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches2016; 5(8): 2882-2905.
35. Eray Ç, Erbilen SÜ. Attitudes of young adults regarding gender roles: The case of Northern Cyprus Famagusta region. International Anatolian Journal of Social Sciences, 2021; 5(2): 415-435.
36. Bedioğlu M, Batman KA. University students’ perceptions on women’s gender role: A case of North Cyprus. Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women's Studies, 2014; 15(1): 45-71.
37. Altuntaş O, Altınova HH. Determining the relationship between gender perception and socioeconomıc variables. Turkish Studies2015; 10(6): 83-100.
38. Özpulat F. The relationship between nursing students’ violent tendencies and gender perceptions. BaşkentÜniversitesiSağlikBilimleriFakültesiDergisi 2017;2(2):151-161.
39. Vefikulucay D, ZeyneloğluS, Eroğlu K, Taşkın L. Perception of and views on gender roles of senior students enrolled at Kafkas University. Haccetepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal 2007; 14(2): 26–38.
40. Gönenç İM, Topuz Ş, Sezer NY, Yılmaz S, Duman NB. Effect of gender course on gender perception.Journal of Ankara Health Sciences 2018; 7(1): 22-29.
41. Dalkılıç RA. A metaphorical study on gender perceptions of women of different age groups. ÇalışmaOrtamı 2019; 160: 18-22.
42. Güder YS, Yıldız TG. Role of the family in preschool children's perception of gender. Hacettepte University Journal of Education 2016; 31(2): 1-23.
43. Rust J, Golombok S, Hines M, et al. The role of brothers and sisters in the gender development of preschool children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2000; 77(4): 292–303.
44. McHale SM, Kim JY, Whiteman SD, Crouter AC. Links between sex-typed activities in middle childhood and gender development in early adolescence. Developmental Psychology 2004; 40(5): 868–881.