TAVUKLARDA CORONAVİRUS VE ENFEKSİYÖZ BRONŞİTİS AŞILARI

Öz

: Enfeksiyöz bronşitis (IB), kanatlı hayvan endüstrisindeki özellikle genç ve yetişkin yumurtacı ve broyler tavukların, solunum ve ürogenital sistemlerinde lezyonlara yol açan bu nedenle karkas gelişimi ve yumurta kalitesinde düşmeye neden olan prevalansı yüksek ve önemli ekonomik kayıplardan sorumlu akut, yüksek derecede bulaşıcı viral bir enfeksiyondur. Enfeksiyöz Bronşitis ilk kez 1930 yılında Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde tavuklarda akut solunum yolu hastalığı olarak tanımlanmış, 1936 yılında ise etkeni olan virus (IBV) izole edilmiştir. Ülkemizde de ilk kez 1978 yılında Ankara bölgesindeki taramalarda aşısız sürülerde yapılan serolojik çalışmalarda belirlenmiş, 1980’li yıllarda tavuk yetiştiriciliğindeki hızlı artışa paralel olarak ülke genelinde yayılmıştır. Kapsamlı aşılama olsa bile, ticari olarak IB salgınları kümes hayvanları üreticileri için önemli bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Sürekli olarak yeni serotipler ve varyantlar ortaya çıkmakta, bu da kümes hayvanı üreticilerini ve hayvan sağlığı şirketlerini aşılama planlarını sürekli olarak değerlendirmeye ve yeni aşılar üretmeye zorlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enfeksiyöz Bronşitis
• Tavuk Coronavirus
• Tavuk coronavirus aşıları
• Spike

CORONAVIRUS AND INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VACCINES IN CHICKENS

Öz

: Enfectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious viral enfection that causes lesions in the respiratory and urogenital systems of the poultry industry, especially young and adult layers and broiler chickens, thus causing a decrease in carcass development and egg quality, and is responsible for significant economic losses. Enfectious Bronchitis was first defined as an acute respiratory disease in chickens in the United States in 1930, and the causative virus (IBV) was isolated in 1936. It was first determined in our country in 1978 in serological studies conducted in unvaccinated flocks in Ankara region, and it spread throughout the country in parallel with the rapid increase in chicken breeding in the 1980s. Commercially, IB outbreaks remain a major problem for poultry producers, even with extensive vaccination. New serotypes and variants are constantly appearing, forcing poultry producers and animal health companies to constantly evaluate vaccination plans and produce new vaccines.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chicken
• Infectious Bronchitis
• Chicken coronavirus
• Chicken coronavirus vaccines
• Spike

Kaynakça

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