Tavuklarda Salmonella infeksiyonlarının kontrolü

Öz

Salmonellozis gıda infeksiyonları arasında en sık rastlanılan ve son yıllarda geniş salgınlara neden olan bir infeksiyondur. Salmonella serotiplerinin zoonoz özelliğe sahip olması, hayvanlarda bu serotiplere bağlı infeksiyonlarla mücadele edilmesinde bazı önemli önlemlerin alınmasını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu nedenden dolayı ülkemizde Salmonella infeksiyonlarına karşı bir önlem olarak kanatlı işletmelerinde Salmonella kontrol programları oluşturulmuştur. Bu derlemede tavuklarda Salmonella infeksiyonlarının kontrolünde yönetim, sağlık, besleme ve aşılama ile kontrol yöntemleri özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tavuk
• Salmonella
• Kontrol
• Aşılama

Control of Salmonella infections in chickens

Öz

Salmonellosis in food infections is the most common infection causing large outbreaks in recent years. Because Salmonella factors have zoonotic property, it have made necessary to take some important precautions for combating infections related to these factors. For this reason, Salmonella control programs in poultry sectors of our country were created as a protection against these infections. In this review, methods of management, health, feeding and vaccination are summarized in the control of Salmonella infections of chickens

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chicken
• Salmonella
• Control
• Vaccination

Kaynakça

1. Akan M. (2008). Kanatlılarda Salmonella İnfeksiyonları ve Kontrolünde Temel Prensipler. Veteriner Tavukçuluk Derneği. Cilt 6. Sayı 2: 3-5.
2. Babacan O, Cengiz S, Akan M. (2012). Oregano bitkisinin bazı Salmonella serotipleri üzerine antibakteriyel etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 59: 103-106.
3. Bailey JS, Rolon A, Holt PS, Hofacre CL, Wilson JL, Cosby DE, Richardson LJ, Cox NA. (2007). Humoral and mucosal-humoral immune response to a Salmonella vaccination program in broiler breeders. Int J Poult Sci, 6: 172-181.
4. Chambers JR, Gong J. (2011). The Intestinal microbiota and its modulation for Salmonella control in chickens. Food Res Int, 44: 3149-3159.
5. Chee sh, Iji PA, Choct M, Mikkelsen LL, Kocher A. (2010). Characterisation and response of intestinal microflora and mucins to manno-oligosaccharide and antibiotic supplementation in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci, 51(3):368-80.
6. Clifton-Hadley FA, Breslin M, Venables LM, Sprigings KA, Cooles SW, Houghton S, Woodward MJ. (2002). A laboratory study of an inactivated bivalent iron restricted Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium dual vaccine against Typhimurium challenge in chickens. Vet Microbiol, 89: 167-179.
7. Corrier DE, Nisbet DJ, Scanlan CM, Hollister AG, DeLoach JR. (1995). Control of Salmonella Typhimurium colonisation in broiler chicks with a continuous-flow characterized mixed culture of cecal bacteria. Poult Sci, 74: 916-924.
8. Cox JM, Pavic A. (2010). Advances in enteropathogen control in poultry production. J Appl Microbiol, 108(3): 745- 755.

9. Crippen TL, Sheffield CL, Esquivel SV, Droleskey RE, Esquivel JF. (2008). The acquisition and internalization of Salmonella by the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 9(1): 65-72.
10. Cutting S M. (2011). Bacillus probiotics. Food Microbiol, 28(2): 214-220.
11. FAO/WHO (2002). Probiotics in food. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 85, Guidelines for theEvaluation of Probiotics in Food. Report of a joint FAO/WHO working group on draftingguidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food, London, Ontario, Canada. (pp. 46)April 30-May 1, 2002.
12. Ferreira AJP, Ferreira CSA, Knobl T, Moreno AM, Bacarro MR, Chen M, Robach M, Mead GC. (2003). Comparison of three commercial competitiveexclusion products for controlling Salmonella colonization of broilers in Brazil. J Food Prot, 66: 490-492.
13. Garrido MN, Skjervheim M, Oppegaard H, Sorum H. (2004). Acidified litter benefits the intestinal flora balance of broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol, 70: 5208- 5213.
14. Hinton M, Linton AH. (1988). The control of Salmonella infections in broiler chickens by the acid treatment of their feed. Vet Rec, 123: 416-421.
15. Howard ZR, O’Bryan CA, Crandall PG, Ricke SC. (2012). Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs: Current issues and prospects for control. Food Re. Int, 45:755-764.
16. İzgür M. (2002). Bakteriyel İnfeksiyonlar. In: Kanatlı Hayvan Hastalıkları. Ed: İzgür M, Akan M. Ankara: Medisan yayın serisi, 4: 37-126.
17. Line JE. (2002). Campylobacter and Salmonella populations associated with chickens raised on acidifed litter. Poult Sci, 81: 1473-1477.
18. McReynolds JL, Moore RW, McElroy AP, Hargis BM, Caldwell DJ. (2007). Evaluation of a competitive exclusion culture and Megan Vac 1 on Salmonella Typhimurium colonization in neonatal broiler chickens. J Appl Poul Res, 16: 456-463.
19. Parker D, Hofacre C, Mathis GF, Quiroz MA, Dibner, Knight C. (2007). Organic acid water treatment reduced Salmonella horizontal transmission in broiler chickens. http://www.animalscience.com/uploads/additionalfiles/ WPSAVerona%5C10272.pdf (accessed 21 December 2008).
20. Priyantha M A R, Vipulasiri A A, Gunawardana G A. (2012). Salmonella Control in Poultry Breeder Farms in Sri Lanka: Effects of Oral Antibiotic Treatment on Whole Blood Agglutination Test With Salmonella Pullorum Antigen. Acad J, 3(2): 21-24.
21. Pumfrey L, Nelson CE. (1991). Use of a most probable number method modified with a deoxyribonucleic acid probe to monitor control by food preservatives of natural Salmonella contamination in animal meat meals. Poult Sci, 70: 780-784.
22. Salvat G, Lalande F, Humbert F, Lahellec C. (1992). Use of a competitive exclusion product (Broilact) to prevent Salmonella colonization of newly hatched chicks. Int J Food Microbiol, 15: 307-311.
23. Santos FBO, Sheldon BW, Santos AA Jr, Ferket PR. (2008). Influence of housing system, grain type, and particle size on Salmonella colonization and shedding of broilers Fed triticale or corn-soybean meal diets. Poult Sci, 87: 405-420.
24. Schneitz C. (2005). Competitive exclusion in poultry-30 years of research. Food Control, 16: 657-667.
25. Van Immerseel F, Boyen F, Gantois I, Timbermont L, Bohez L, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R. (2005a). Supplementation of coated butyric acid in the feed reduces colonization and shedding of Salmonella in poultry. Poult Sci, 84: 1851-1856.
26. Van Immerseel F, Methner U, Rychlik, I, Nagy B, Velge P, Martin G, Foster N, Ducatelle R. (2005b). Vaccination and early protection against nonhost specific Salmonella serotypes in poultry: exploitation of innate immunity and microbial activity. Epidemiol Infect, 133: 959-978.
27. Vicente JL, Higgins SE, Hargis BM, Tellez G. (2007). Effect of poultry guard litter amendment on horizontal transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler chicks. Int J Poult Sci, 6: 314-317.
28. Watkins S, Newberry L, Wilson M, Hubbard R. (2004). Water sanitation: evaluation of products. Avian Advice, 6: 3-5.
29. Wegener HC, Hald T, Lo Fo Wong D, Madsen M, Korsgaard H, Bager F, Gerner-Smidt P, Mølbak K. (2003). Salmonella control programs in Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis, 9(7): 774-780.
30. Wiard T, Gockley M, Parrott T, Troyer G, Rehberger T. (2001). The Effect of a Biological Litter Treatment on Salmonella sp. Prevalence in Turkey Breeder Flock Litter. Joint Meeting of ADSA, AMSA, ASAS and PSA, Indianapolis, IN. http://www.agtechproducts.com/productsupport/ Breeder_flock_trial-Salmonella_Report.pdf (accessed 21 December 2008).
31. Wolfenden AD, Vicente JL, Higgins JP, Andreatti Filho RL, Higgins SE, Hargis BM, Tellez G. (2007). Effect of organic acids and probioitcs on Salmonella Enteritidis infection in broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci, 6: 403-405.
32. Yang Y, Iji PA, & Choct M. (2009). Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broilerchickens: A review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Worlds Poult Sci J, 65: 97-114.
33. Yıldırım Y. (2010). Antimikrobiyel Duyarlılık Testleri; İlgili Metodlar, Sonuçların Yorumlanması ve Kanatlılarda Bulunan Bazı Bakterilerdeki Dirençlilik. Erciyes Üniv. Vet Fak Derg, 7(2): 117-129.