Öz
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a hepatotoxic metabolite, occurs due to the consumption of feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by lactating animals. This study aims to specify the presence and levels of AFM1 in water buffalo milk produced widely in our region.
Between the years 2019 - 2021, a total of 250 raw water buffalo milk samples were used as material. All samples were transported to the laboratory in the cold chain (4 °C) and analyzed. Tests were done with ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technique and AFM1 specific test kits Ridascreen® Aflatoxin M1, r-biopharm were used for detection of AFM1. First, the samples were prepared as described in the kit manufacturer’s instructions. Later, for the calculation of AFM1 levels, RIDASOFT WIN.NET software was also used as recommended.
Two hundred and fifty raw water buffalo milk samples were analyzed in duplicate, and the average values of the results was taken into account. While AFM1 was not detected in 174 samples (69.6%), 76 sample (30.4%) was contaminated with AFM1. However, it was observed that the AFM1 levels of these 76 samples did not exceed the levels specified in the Turkish Food Codex.
In conclusion, although water buffalo milk and dairy products pose a potential risk in AFM1, this risk was found relatively low in samples belong to our region. However, this situation may vary depending on the feeding conditions of lactating animals and sampling season. Therefore, it is recommended that similar and further studies are needed to diversify the data in the future.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Teşekkür
A part of this research was presented as a summary at International Eurasian Conference on Biotechnology and Biochemistry (16-18 December 2020).
Kaynakça
- Biopharm, R. (2021). Enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of aflatoxin M1. GmBH, Germany. (Ridascreen® Aflatoxin M1 R1121).
- De Roma, A., Rossini, C., Ritieni, A., Gallo, P., & Esposito, M. (2017). A survey on the Aflatoxin M1 occurrence and seasonal variation in buffalo and cow milk from Southern Italy. Food Control, 81, 30-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.034
- Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., de Angelis, A., Galvano, M., Bognanno, M., & Galvano, G. (1998). Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy. J Food Prot, 61(6), 738-741. doi:10.4315/0362-028x-61.6.738
- Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., & Galvano, G. (1996). Occurrence and Stability of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products: A Worldwide Review. Journal of Food Protection, 59(10), 1079-1090. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-59.10.1079
- Guo, L., Wang, Y., Fei, P., Liu, J., & Ren, D. (2019). A survey on the aflatoxin M1 occurrence in raw milk and dairy products from water buffalo in South China. Food Control, 105, 159-163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.05.033
- Hussain, I., Anwar, J., Asi, M. R., Munawar, M. A., & Kashif, M. (2010). Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk from five dairy species in Pakistan. Food Control, 21(2), 122-124. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.12.004
- Kamkar, A., Yazdankhah, S., Mohammadi Nafchi, A., & Mozaffari Nejad, A. S. (2014). Aflatoxin M1 in raw cow and buffalo milk in Shush city of Iran. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 7(1), 21-24. doi:10.1080/19393210.2013.830277
- Kara, R., & Ince, S. (2014). Aflatoxin M1 in buffalo and cow milk in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 7(1), 7-10. doi:10.1080/19393210.2013.825646
- Nguyen, T., Flint, S., & Palmer, J. (2020). Control of aflatoxin M1 in milk by novel methods: A review. Food Chemistry, 311, 125984. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125984
- Oruc, H. H., Cibik, R., Yilmaz, E., & Kalkanli, O. (2006). Distribution and stability of Aflatoxin M1 during processing and ripening of traditional white pickled cheese. Food Additives & Contaminants, 23(2), 190-195. doi:10.1080/02652030500389048
- Prandini, A., Tansini, G., Sigolo, S., Filippi, L., Laporta, M., & Piva, G. (2009). On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(5), 984-991. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.005
- Rahimi, E., Bonyadian, M., Rafei, M., & Kazemeini, H. R. (2010). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in Ahvaz, Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 129-131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.028
Öz
Hepatotoksik bir metabolit olan aflatoksin M1 (AFM1), süt hayvanları tarafından aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) ile kontamine olmuş yemlerin tüketilmesi nedeniyle oluşur. Bu çalışma, bölgemizde yaygın olarak üretilen manda sütünde AFM1 varlığını ve düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Çalışmada, 2019 - 2021 yılları arasında toplam 250 adet çiğ manda sütü numunesi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Tüm numuneler soğuk zincirde (4 °C) laboratuvara getirilmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Testler ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) tekniği ile yapılmış olup ve AFM1'in tespiti için AFM1'e özgü test kitleri Ridascreen® Aflatoxin M1, r-biopharm kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak numuneler kit üreticisinin talimatlarında belirtildiği gibi hazırlandı. Daha sonra AFM1 seviyelerinin hesaplanması için de önerilen RIDASOFT WIN.NET yazılımı kullanılmıştır.
İki yüz elli çiğ manda sütü örneği iki tekrar halinde analiz edilmiş ve sonuçların ortalama değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, 174 örnekte (%69,6) AFM1 saptanmazken, 76 örnekte (%30,4) AFM1 tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu 76 örneğin AFM1 seviyelerinin Türk Gıda Kodeksi'nde belirtilen seviyeleri aşmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, manda sütü ve süt ürünleri AFM1'de potansiyel risk oluştursa da bölgemize ait örneklerde bu risk nispeten düşük bulunmuştur. Ancak bu durum, emziren hayvanların beslenme koşullarına ve örnekleme mevsimine bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bu nedenle gelecekte verilerin çeşitlendirilmesi için benzer ve daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Biopharm, R. (2021). Enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of aflatoxin M1. GmBH, Germany. (Ridascreen® Aflatoxin M1 R1121).
- De Roma, A., Rossini, C., Ritieni, A., Gallo, P., & Esposito, M. (2017). A survey on the Aflatoxin M1 occurrence and seasonal variation in buffalo and cow milk from Southern Italy. Food Control, 81, 30-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.034
- Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., de Angelis, A., Galvano, M., Bognanno, M., & Galvano, G. (1998). Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy. J Food Prot, 61(6), 738-741. doi:10.4315/0362-028x-61.6.738
- Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., & Galvano, G. (1996). Occurrence and Stability of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products: A Worldwide Review. Journal of Food Protection, 59(10), 1079-1090. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-59.10.1079
- Guo, L., Wang, Y., Fei, P., Liu, J., & Ren, D. (2019). A survey on the aflatoxin M1 occurrence in raw milk and dairy products from water buffalo in South China. Food Control, 105, 159-163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.05.033
- Hussain, I., Anwar, J., Asi, M. R., Munawar, M. A., & Kashif, M. (2010). Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk from five dairy species in Pakistan. Food Control, 21(2), 122-124. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.12.004
- Kamkar, A., Yazdankhah, S., Mohammadi Nafchi, A., & Mozaffari Nejad, A. S. (2014). Aflatoxin M1 in raw cow and buffalo milk in Shush city of Iran. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 7(1), 21-24. doi:10.1080/19393210.2013.830277
- Kara, R., & Ince, S. (2014). Aflatoxin M1 in buffalo and cow milk in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 7(1), 7-10. doi:10.1080/19393210.2013.825646
- Nguyen, T., Flint, S., & Palmer, J. (2020). Control of aflatoxin M1 in milk by novel methods: A review. Food Chemistry, 311, 125984. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125984
- Oruc, H. H., Cibik, R., Yilmaz, E., & Kalkanli, O. (2006). Distribution and stability of Aflatoxin M1 during processing and ripening of traditional white pickled cheese. Food Additives & Contaminants, 23(2), 190-195. doi:10.1080/02652030500389048
- Prandini, A., Tansini, G., Sigolo, S., Filippi, L., Laporta, M., & Piva, G. (2009). On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(5), 984-991. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.005
- Rahimi, E., Bonyadian, M., Rafei, M., & Kazemeini, H. R. (2010). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in Ahvaz, Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 129-131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.028
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Ağustos 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 |