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Aşılı Köpeklerin İdrarlarında Leptospira spp. Varlığının PCR Yöntemi İle Araştırılması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 120 - 126, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.611501

Öz

Leptospiroz; gram negatif, sporsuz, kapsülsüz ve aerobik bir bakteri olan Leptospira spp.’nin neden olduğu çoklu organ tutulumları ile seyreden zoonoz bir infeksiyon hastalığıdır. Leptospiroz teşhisi için; klinik/otopsi bulguları, mikroskobi, kültür, hayvan deneyleri, seroloji ve PCR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) yöntemlerinden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, XXXilindeki özel veteriner kliniklerine getirilen leptospiroza karşı aşılanmış köpeklerin idrar örneklerinde Leptospira spp. varlığının hızlı ve duyarlı bir yöntem olduğu bildirilen real-time PCR tekniği ile saptanması ve Leptospira spp. pozitifliği ile idrar yoluna ait semptomlar, yaş ve cinsiyet gibi değişkenlerin istatistiksel ilişkisinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, idrar yolu semptomu olan ve olmayan toplam 100 aşılı köpekten (56 dişi, 44 erkek) alınan idrar örnekleri randomize olarak dahil edilmiştir. Leptospira spp. varlığının belirlenmesi amacı ile alınan idrar örneklerinde DNA ekstraksiyonu ve real-time PCR yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 100 köpeğe ait idrar örneklerinin 7 (%7) tanesi Leptospiraspp. varlığı açısından pozitif bulunmuştur. Saptanan pozitifliklerin gruplara göre düzensiz dağılımı ve olgu sayısının istatistiksel anlamlılığa etki edecek düzeyde yeterli olmayabileceği gibi nedenlerden dolayı; yaş, cinsiyet farklılığı gibi demografik veriler ve semptomu olan veya olmayan köpeklerin PCR pozitiflikleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklı bulunamamıştır. Leptospirozun günümüzdeki öneminin daha açık bir şekilde anlaşılabilmesi, teşhisinde kullanılabilecek en uygun yönteminin belirlenebilmesi, aşılamanın önleyici etkilerinin değerlendirilebilmesi gibi amaçlar ile; daha çok olgu sayısını içeren, prospektif ve tedavi seçeneklerinin de değerlendirildiği geniş araştırmalara gereksinim duyulmaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

13965

Kaynakça

  • Adler B, Moctezuma AP, (2010). Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Veterinary Microbiology. 140, 287-296.
  • Arimitsu Y, Fukumura K, Shingaki Y, (1989). Distrubution of leptospirosis among stay dogs in the Okinawa İslands, Japan: Comparision of the microcapsule and microscopic aggluyination tests. Br Vet J. 145, 473-477.
  • Bal AE, Gravekamp C, Hartskeer RA, Meza-Brewster D, Korver H, Terpstra WJ, (1994). Detection of leptospires in urine by PCR for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol. 32, 1894-1898.
  • Bergmann M, Llewellyn JR, Hartmann K, (2017). Diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 45(3), 170-177.
  • Bergmann M, Llewellyn JR, Hartmann K, (2017). Epidemiology and prevention of leptospirosis in dogs. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 45(3), 163-168.
  • Cerri D, Ebani V, Fratini F, Pinzauti P, Andreani E, (2003). Epidemiology of leptospirosis: observations on serological data obtained by a diagnostic laboratory for leptospirosis from 1995 to 2001. New Microbiol. 26, 383-389.
  • D’Andrea A, Martine YZ, Alduina R, Monteverde V, Molina CF, Vitale M, (2012). Comparison of two PCR methods for detection of Leptospira interrogans in formalin-fixed and parffin-embedded tissues. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 107, 85-88.
  • Ellis WA, (2015). Animal leptospirosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 387, 99-137.Everard COR, Jones CJ, Inniss VA, Carrington DG, Vaughan AW, (1987). Leptospirosis in dogs on Barbados. Isr J Vet Med. 43, 288-295.
  • Fraune C, Schweiqhauser A, Francey T, (2013). Evaluation of the diagnostic value of serologic microagglutination testing and a polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in dogs in a referral center. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 242, 1373-1380.
  • Harkin KR, Roshto YM, Sullivan JT, Purvis TJ, Chengappa MM, (2003). Comparison of polymerase chain reaction assay, bacteriologic culture, and serologic testing in assessment of prevalence of urinary shedding of leptospires in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 222(9), 1230-1233.
  • Hartman EG, (1984). Epidemiological aspects of canine leptospirosis in the Netherlands. Zbl Bakt Hyg. 258, 350-359.
  • Kim S, Lee DS, Suzuki H, Watarai M, (2006). Detection of Brucelle canis and Leptospira interrogans in Canine Semen by Multiplex Nested PCR. J Vet Med Sci. 68, 615-618.
  • Knöpfler S, Mayer-Scholl A, Luge E, Klopfleisch R, Gruber AD, Nöckler K, Kohn B, (2017). Evaluation of clinical, laboratory, imaging findings and outcome in 99 dogs with leptospirosis. J Small Anim Pract. 58(10), 582-588.
  • Mastrorilli C, Dondi F, Agnoli C, Turba ME, Vezzali E, Gentilini F, (2007) Clinicopathologic Features and Outcome Predictors of Leptospira interrogans Australis Serogroup Infection in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases (2001–2004). J Vet Intern Med. 21, 3–10.
  • Meeyam T, Penperon T, Petchanok B, Pichpol D, Padungtod P, (2006). Seroprevelance and risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dogs. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37, 148-153.
  • Murphy K, (2018). Dealing with leptospirosis in dogs. Vet Rec. 183(12), 384-385.
  • Özdemir V, (1998). Köpek serumlarının Leptospiroz yönünden mikroskobik aglütinasyon testi ve ELISA ile incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Pinto PS, Libonati H, Lilenbaum W, (2017). A systematic review of leptospirosis on dogs, pigs, and horses in Latin America. Trop Anim Health Prod. 49(2), 231-238.
  • Prescot JF, (2008). Canine leptospirosis in Canada: A veterinarian’s perspective. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 178, 397-398.
  • Rojas P, Monahan AM, Schuller S, Miller IS, (2010). Detection and quantification of leptospires in uurine of dogs: a maintance host fort he zoonotic disease leptospirosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol İnfect Dis. 29, 1305-1309.
  • Saad A, Phuong T, Pamela S, Howard CJ, (1997). A Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Leptospira spp. in Bovine Semen. J Vet Res. 61, 15-20.
  • Schuller S, Francey T, Hartmann K, Hugonnard M, Kohn B, Nally JE, Sykes J, (2015). European consensus statement on leptospirosis in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract. 56(3), 159-79.
  • Ülgen M, Çetin C, Özdemir V, Büyükçoban M, (1997). Bursa İlindeki Sokak Köpeklerinde Leptospirozun Seroprevalansı. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 9, 109-114.
  • Venkataraman KS, Nedunchelliyan S, Ramadass P, Ramkrishna J, (1992). Serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). J Vet Med. 12, 37-38.
  • Ward MP, Glickman LT, Guptill LE, (2002). Prevalence of and risk factors for leptospirosis among dogs in the United States and Canada: 677 cases (1970-1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1, 53-58.
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2019). Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (LERG). Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/zoonoses/diseases/lerg/en/, Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2019.
  • Zakeri S, Khorami N, Ganji ZF, Sepahian N, Malmasi AA, Gouya MM, Djadid ND, (2010). Leptospira wolffii, a potential new pathogenic Leptospira species detected in human, sheep and dog. Infect Genet Evol. 10(2), 273-277.

Investigation of the Presence of Leptospira spp. PCR in Urine Sample of Vaccinated Dogs

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 120 - 126, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.611501

Öz

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease with multiple organ involvement caused by Leptospira spp., a Gram-negative, non-spore-free, non-capsular and aerobic bacterium. For the diagnosis of leptospirosis; clinical/autopsy findings, microscopy, culture, animal experiments, serology and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) methods are used. In this study, the presence of Leptospira spp. in urine samples of dogs vaccinated against Leptospirosis brought to pri-vate veterinary clinics in Istanbul province was determined by a real-time PCR technique which was reported to be a fast and sensitive method, and a comparative evaluation of Leptospira spp. positivity with urinary tract symptoms, age and gender were compared. Urine samples from 100 vaccinated dogs (56 females, 44 males) with and without urinary tract 

symptoms were randomly included in the study. In order to determine the presence of Leptospira spp., DNA extraction and real-time PCR were performed in urine samples. Of the 100 dogs included in the study, 7 (7%) were positive for the presence of Leptospira spp.. Due to the irregular distribution of the positives determined by the groups and the number of cases may not be sufficient to affect the statistical significance; demographic data such as age, sex differences and PCR positivity of dogs with or withut symptoms were not found statistically significant. To understand the current importance of leptospirosis more clearly, to determine the most suitable method for diagnosis, to evaluate the preventive effects of vaccination; more studies including prospective and treatment options are needed.

Proje Numarası

13965

Kaynakça

  • Adler B, Moctezuma AP, (2010). Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Veterinary Microbiology. 140, 287-296.
  • Arimitsu Y, Fukumura K, Shingaki Y, (1989). Distrubution of leptospirosis among stay dogs in the Okinawa İslands, Japan: Comparision of the microcapsule and microscopic aggluyination tests. Br Vet J. 145, 473-477.
  • Bal AE, Gravekamp C, Hartskeer RA, Meza-Brewster D, Korver H, Terpstra WJ, (1994). Detection of leptospires in urine by PCR for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol. 32, 1894-1898.
  • Bergmann M, Llewellyn JR, Hartmann K, (2017). Diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 45(3), 170-177.
  • Bergmann M, Llewellyn JR, Hartmann K, (2017). Epidemiology and prevention of leptospirosis in dogs. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 45(3), 163-168.
  • Cerri D, Ebani V, Fratini F, Pinzauti P, Andreani E, (2003). Epidemiology of leptospirosis: observations on serological data obtained by a diagnostic laboratory for leptospirosis from 1995 to 2001. New Microbiol. 26, 383-389.
  • D’Andrea A, Martine YZ, Alduina R, Monteverde V, Molina CF, Vitale M, (2012). Comparison of two PCR methods for detection of Leptospira interrogans in formalin-fixed and parffin-embedded tissues. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 107, 85-88.
  • Ellis WA, (2015). Animal leptospirosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 387, 99-137.Everard COR, Jones CJ, Inniss VA, Carrington DG, Vaughan AW, (1987). Leptospirosis in dogs on Barbados. Isr J Vet Med. 43, 288-295.
  • Fraune C, Schweiqhauser A, Francey T, (2013). Evaluation of the diagnostic value of serologic microagglutination testing and a polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in dogs in a referral center. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 242, 1373-1380.
  • Harkin KR, Roshto YM, Sullivan JT, Purvis TJ, Chengappa MM, (2003). Comparison of polymerase chain reaction assay, bacteriologic culture, and serologic testing in assessment of prevalence of urinary shedding of leptospires in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 222(9), 1230-1233.
  • Hartman EG, (1984). Epidemiological aspects of canine leptospirosis in the Netherlands. Zbl Bakt Hyg. 258, 350-359.
  • Kim S, Lee DS, Suzuki H, Watarai M, (2006). Detection of Brucelle canis and Leptospira interrogans in Canine Semen by Multiplex Nested PCR. J Vet Med Sci. 68, 615-618.
  • Knöpfler S, Mayer-Scholl A, Luge E, Klopfleisch R, Gruber AD, Nöckler K, Kohn B, (2017). Evaluation of clinical, laboratory, imaging findings and outcome in 99 dogs with leptospirosis. J Small Anim Pract. 58(10), 582-588.
  • Mastrorilli C, Dondi F, Agnoli C, Turba ME, Vezzali E, Gentilini F, (2007) Clinicopathologic Features and Outcome Predictors of Leptospira interrogans Australis Serogroup Infection in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases (2001–2004). J Vet Intern Med. 21, 3–10.
  • Meeyam T, Penperon T, Petchanok B, Pichpol D, Padungtod P, (2006). Seroprevelance and risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dogs. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37, 148-153.
  • Murphy K, (2018). Dealing with leptospirosis in dogs. Vet Rec. 183(12), 384-385.
  • Özdemir V, (1998). Köpek serumlarının Leptospiroz yönünden mikroskobik aglütinasyon testi ve ELISA ile incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Pinto PS, Libonati H, Lilenbaum W, (2017). A systematic review of leptospirosis on dogs, pigs, and horses in Latin America. Trop Anim Health Prod. 49(2), 231-238.
  • Prescot JF, (2008). Canine leptospirosis in Canada: A veterinarian’s perspective. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 178, 397-398.
  • Rojas P, Monahan AM, Schuller S, Miller IS, (2010). Detection and quantification of leptospires in uurine of dogs: a maintance host fort he zoonotic disease leptospirosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol İnfect Dis. 29, 1305-1309.
  • Saad A, Phuong T, Pamela S, Howard CJ, (1997). A Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Leptospira spp. in Bovine Semen. J Vet Res. 61, 15-20.
  • Schuller S, Francey T, Hartmann K, Hugonnard M, Kohn B, Nally JE, Sykes J, (2015). European consensus statement on leptospirosis in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract. 56(3), 159-79.
  • Ülgen M, Çetin C, Özdemir V, Büyükçoban M, (1997). Bursa İlindeki Sokak Köpeklerinde Leptospirozun Seroprevalansı. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 9, 109-114.
  • Venkataraman KS, Nedunchelliyan S, Ramadass P, Ramkrishna J, (1992). Serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). J Vet Med. 12, 37-38.
  • Ward MP, Glickman LT, Guptill LE, (2002). Prevalence of and risk factors for leptospirosis among dogs in the United States and Canada: 677 cases (1970-1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1, 53-58.
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2019). Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (LERG). Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/zoonoses/diseases/lerg/en/, Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2019.
  • Zakeri S, Khorami N, Ganji ZF, Sepahian N, Malmasi AA, Gouya MM, Djadid ND, (2010). Leptospira wolffii, a potential new pathogenic Leptospira species detected in human, sheep and dog. Infect Genet Evol. 10(2), 273-277.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji, Veteriner Bilimleri, Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Özgür Akgül

Özer Akgül 0000-0002-3802-3270

Naciye Yakut Özgür Bu kişi benim

Proje Numarası 13965
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akgül, Ö., Akgül, Ö., & Özgür, N. Y. (2019). Aşılı Köpeklerin İdrarlarında Leptospira spp. Varlığının PCR Yöntemi İle Araştırılması. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 30(2), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.611501


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