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PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ TEORİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE ÖĞRENCİLERİN GİRİŞİMCİ OLMA NİYETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 27 - 47, 01.06.2014

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı planlanmış davranış teorisi çerçevesinde yer alan davranışa yöneliktutum, kişisel normlar ve algılanan davranış kontrolünün öğrencilerin girişimci olma niyetleriüzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Belirlenen amaç doğrultusunda Mehmet AkifErsoy Üniversitesi’nde girişimcilik eğitimi alan öğrenciler üzerinde bir araştırmagerçekleştirilmiştir. Davranışa yönelik tutumların, öznel kişisel normların, algılanan davranışkontrolünün öğrencilerin girişimcilik niyeti üzerindeki etkisi oluşturulan hipotezler ile testedilmeye çalışılmıştır.Araştırmada ikincil verilerle birlikte, birincil veriler de kullanılmıştır. Birincil verilere yönelik veritoplama tekniği olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada Liñan ve Chen 2007 ile Kruegerve arkadaşlarının 2000 kullandığı ölçeklerden yararlanılmıştır. Anket soruları Mehmet Akif ErsoyÜniversitesi Zeliha Tolunay Uygulamalı Teknoloji ve İşletmecilik Yüksekokulu’nda girişimcilikeğitimi almakta olan 202 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 15.0 paket programıkullanılarak istatistiki analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler,güvenilirlik analizi, KMO uygunluk analizi, faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analiziyapılmıştır.Sonuç olarak; üniversite öğrencilerinde davranışa yönelik tutumlarının ve algılanan davranışkontrolünün girişimci olma niyetlerini pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Girişimcilikniyetini etkilediği düşünülen kişisel normun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı sonucunaulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • ABRAHAM, C., ve Sheeran, P. (2003), “Acting on intentions: The role of anticipated regret”. British Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 42, 495– 511.
  • AJZEN, I. (1991), “The Theory of Planned Behaviour”, Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, Vol: 50, No: 2, 179-211.
  • AJZEN, I. (2006), “Constructing a TpB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations”, http://www.people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf, Tarihi:05.07.2013). (Erişim
  • AKGÜL, A. ve Çevik, O. (2003), İstatistiksel Analiz Teknikleri: SPSS’te İşletme Yönetimi Uygulamaları, Emek Ofset Ltd. Şti., Ankara.
  • AMOFAH, K. (2006) “Investigating Entrepreneurial Intention Among The Youth Generation In Ghana: Evidence From 10 Secondary Schools”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Wolverhampton-UK.
  • ASTUTİ, R. D. ve Martdianty, F. (2012), “Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions by Using Theory of Planned Behavior: The Case in Indonesia”, The South East Asian Journal Management, Vol: 6, No: 2, 100–112.
  • BAGOZZİ, R. P. ve Yi, Y. (1989), “The degree of intention formation as a moderator of the attitude-behavior relationship”. Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol: 52 No: 4, 266–279.
  • BAUMOL, W. J. (1993). Entrepreneurship, Management and The Structure of Payoffs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • BİRD, B. (1998), “Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention”, Academic of Management Review, Vol:13, No: 3, 442-453.
  • BRANDSTÄTTER, H. (1997), “Becoming an entrepreneur: A question of personality structure?”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 157–177.
  • CARREE, M.A. ve Thurik, A.R. (2003), “The impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth”, in Audretsch, D.B. and Acs, Z.J. (Eds), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research, Kluwer Academic, Boston, MA/Dordrecht, 437-71.
  • COHEN, J. ve HANNO, D. M. (1993), “An Analysis of Underlying Constructs Affecting the Choice of Accounting as a Major”, Issues in Accounting Education, Vol: 8, No: 2, 219-238.
  • DOUGLAS, E.J. ve Sheperd (2002), Entrepreneurship as A Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
  • DURMUŞ, B., Yurtkoru, E. S. ve Çinko, M. (2011), Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi, 4. Baskı, Beta Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • ENGLE, R. L., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J.V., Schlaegel, C., Delanoe, S., Alvarado, I., He, X. Buame, S. ve Wolff, B. (2010), “Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve-country evaluation of Ajzen's model of planned behavior”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol: 16, No: 1, 35–57.
  • EROĞLU, A. (2009), Faktör Analizi, Editör: Ş. KALAYCI, SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 321- 331.
  • ERTEN, S. (2002), “Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi ile Uygulamalı Öğretim Metodu”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, Vol: 19, No: 2, 217-233.
  • FİSHBEİN, M. ve Ajzen, I. (1975), Belief Attitude, Intention and Behavior. An Introduction to Theory and Research, Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley Publishing Company.
  • FRANKE, N. ve Luthje, C. (2004), “Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students: A Benchmarking Study”, International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol: 1, No: 3, 269-88.
  • GİBB DYER, W. Jr. (1994), “Toward A Theory of Entrepreneurial Careers”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 19, No: 2, 7–2.
  • GREENBERGER, D. B. ve Sexton, D. L. (1988), “An Interactive Model of New Venture Initiation”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol: 26, No: 3, 1-7.
  • IQBAL, A., Melhem, Y. ve Kokash, H. (2012), “Readiness of the University Students towards Entrepreneurship in Saudi Private University: An Exploratory Study”, European Scientific Journal, Vol: 8, No: 15, 109- 131.
  • KAYIŞ, A. (2009), Güvenililirlik Analizi, Editör: Ş. KALAYCI, SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 404- 419.
  • KOLVEREİD, L. (1996), “Prediction of employment status choice intentions” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 21, No: 1, 47–57.
  • KRUEGER, N. F., Jr., Reilly, M. D. ve Carsrud, A. L. (2000), “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 15, 411- 432.
  • KRUEGER, N.F. (1993), “The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 18, No: 1, 5-23.
  • KÜÇÜK, E. (2011), “Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Çerçevesinde Mali Müşavir (SMMM) Olma Niyetinin Altında Yatan Faktörlerin Analizi”, ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol: 7, No: 14, 145- 162.
  • LİÑÁN, F. ve Chen, Y. W. (2009), “Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions”, Entrepreneurship: Theory Practice, Vol: 33, No: 3, 593–617.
  • LUMPKİN, G. T. ve Dess, G. G. (1996), “Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance”, Academy of Management Review, Vol: 21, No: 1, 135–172.
  • NABI, G. ve Holden, R. (2008), “Graduate entrepreneurship: Intentions, education and training”, Education and Training, Vol: 50, No: 7, 545- 551.
  • NİSHİMURA, J. S. ve Tristán, O. M. (2011), “Using the theory of planned behavior to predict nascent entrepreneurship”, Academia, Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, Vol: 46, 55–71.
  • PETERMAN, N.E. ve Kennedy, J. (2003), “Enterprise education: Influencing students' perceptions of entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 28, No: 2, 129–144.
  • SHAPERO, A. (1982), Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C.A. Kent et al. (Eds.) The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, 72-89.
  • SHAPERO, A. ve Sokol, L. (2009), The social dimensions of entrepreneurship, The encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • SUMMERS, D. (1998), “An Empirical Investigations of Personal and Situational Factors That Relate to Formation of Entrepreneur Intensions”, Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation, Texas University, 1–189.
  • VAN GELDEREN, M., Brand, M., Van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., ve Van Gils, A. (2008), “Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the International,Vol: 13, No: 6, 538-559. planned behaviour”, Career Development

THE INVESTIGATION OF STUDENTS’ INTENTIONS OF BEING AN ENTREPENEUR WITHIN THE FRAME OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR THEORY

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 27 - 47, 01.06.2014

Öz

The aim of this study is to find out whether attitudes towards behavior, social norms and perceived behavioral controls, which are evaluated in the frame of planned behavior theory, have an effect on the student’s intentions of being an entrepreneur. The research is carried out on Mehmet Akif Ersoy University students that were training in entrepreneurship. The effects of attitude towards behavior, personal norms and perceived behavior control on students with the intentions of being an entrepreneur are being tested with the formed hypothesis. The primary data is also used with secondary data. The method for collecting primary data was the survey method. In the research, the scales are being used from the studies of Linan & Chen 2007 and Krueger and his colleagues 2000 . The questions of the survey are applied to 202 students who are training in entrepreneurship in Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Zeliha Tolunay Applied Technology and Management School. Statistical analyses have been made with the obtained data by using SPSS 15.0 software programme. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, KMO suitability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis statistical techniques. As a result, it has been found out that university student’s attitudes towards the behavior and perceived behavioral control has positive effects on their intentions to become an entrepreneur. Social norms however, which were thought to have an influence on the intentions of being an entrepreneur, have not been found significant in terms of statistics

Kaynakça

  • ABRAHAM, C., ve Sheeran, P. (2003), “Acting on intentions: The role of anticipated regret”. British Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 42, 495– 511.
  • AJZEN, I. (1991), “The Theory of Planned Behaviour”, Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, Vol: 50, No: 2, 179-211.
  • AJZEN, I. (2006), “Constructing a TpB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations”, http://www.people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf, Tarihi:05.07.2013). (Erişim
  • AKGÜL, A. ve Çevik, O. (2003), İstatistiksel Analiz Teknikleri: SPSS’te İşletme Yönetimi Uygulamaları, Emek Ofset Ltd. Şti., Ankara.
  • AMOFAH, K. (2006) “Investigating Entrepreneurial Intention Among The Youth Generation In Ghana: Evidence From 10 Secondary Schools”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Wolverhampton-UK.
  • ASTUTİ, R. D. ve Martdianty, F. (2012), “Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions by Using Theory of Planned Behavior: The Case in Indonesia”, The South East Asian Journal Management, Vol: 6, No: 2, 100–112.
  • BAGOZZİ, R. P. ve Yi, Y. (1989), “The degree of intention formation as a moderator of the attitude-behavior relationship”. Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol: 52 No: 4, 266–279.
  • BAUMOL, W. J. (1993). Entrepreneurship, Management and The Structure of Payoffs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • BİRD, B. (1998), “Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention”, Academic of Management Review, Vol:13, No: 3, 442-453.
  • BRANDSTÄTTER, H. (1997), “Becoming an entrepreneur: A question of personality structure?”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 157–177.
  • CARREE, M.A. ve Thurik, A.R. (2003), “The impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth”, in Audretsch, D.B. and Acs, Z.J. (Eds), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research, Kluwer Academic, Boston, MA/Dordrecht, 437-71.
  • COHEN, J. ve HANNO, D. M. (1993), “An Analysis of Underlying Constructs Affecting the Choice of Accounting as a Major”, Issues in Accounting Education, Vol: 8, No: 2, 219-238.
  • DOUGLAS, E.J. ve Sheperd (2002), Entrepreneurship as A Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
  • DURMUŞ, B., Yurtkoru, E. S. ve Çinko, M. (2011), Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi, 4. Baskı, Beta Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • ENGLE, R. L., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J.V., Schlaegel, C., Delanoe, S., Alvarado, I., He, X. Buame, S. ve Wolff, B. (2010), “Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve-country evaluation of Ajzen's model of planned behavior”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol: 16, No: 1, 35–57.
  • EROĞLU, A. (2009), Faktör Analizi, Editör: Ş. KALAYCI, SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 321- 331.
  • ERTEN, S. (2002), “Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi ile Uygulamalı Öğretim Metodu”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, Vol: 19, No: 2, 217-233.
  • FİSHBEİN, M. ve Ajzen, I. (1975), Belief Attitude, Intention and Behavior. An Introduction to Theory and Research, Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley Publishing Company.
  • FRANKE, N. ve Luthje, C. (2004), “Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students: A Benchmarking Study”, International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol: 1, No: 3, 269-88.
  • GİBB DYER, W. Jr. (1994), “Toward A Theory of Entrepreneurial Careers”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 19, No: 2, 7–2.
  • GREENBERGER, D. B. ve Sexton, D. L. (1988), “An Interactive Model of New Venture Initiation”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol: 26, No: 3, 1-7.
  • IQBAL, A., Melhem, Y. ve Kokash, H. (2012), “Readiness of the University Students towards Entrepreneurship in Saudi Private University: An Exploratory Study”, European Scientific Journal, Vol: 8, No: 15, 109- 131.
  • KAYIŞ, A. (2009), Güvenililirlik Analizi, Editör: Ş. KALAYCI, SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 404- 419.
  • KOLVEREİD, L. (1996), “Prediction of employment status choice intentions” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 21, No: 1, 47–57.
  • KRUEGER, N. F., Jr., Reilly, M. D. ve Carsrud, A. L. (2000), “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 15, 411- 432.
  • KRUEGER, N.F. (1993), “The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 18, No: 1, 5-23.
  • KÜÇÜK, E. (2011), “Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Çerçevesinde Mali Müşavir (SMMM) Olma Niyetinin Altında Yatan Faktörlerin Analizi”, ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol: 7, No: 14, 145- 162.
  • LİÑÁN, F. ve Chen, Y. W. (2009), “Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions”, Entrepreneurship: Theory Practice, Vol: 33, No: 3, 593–617.
  • LUMPKİN, G. T. ve Dess, G. G. (1996), “Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance”, Academy of Management Review, Vol: 21, No: 1, 135–172.
  • NABI, G. ve Holden, R. (2008), “Graduate entrepreneurship: Intentions, education and training”, Education and Training, Vol: 50, No: 7, 545- 551.
  • NİSHİMURA, J. S. ve Tristán, O. M. (2011), “Using the theory of planned behavior to predict nascent entrepreneurship”, Academia, Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, Vol: 46, 55–71.
  • PETERMAN, N.E. ve Kennedy, J. (2003), “Enterprise education: Influencing students' perceptions of entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 28, No: 2, 129–144.
  • SHAPERO, A. (1982), Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C.A. Kent et al. (Eds.) The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, 72-89.
  • SHAPERO, A. ve Sokol, L. (2009), The social dimensions of entrepreneurship, The encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • SUMMERS, D. (1998), “An Empirical Investigations of Personal and Situational Factors That Relate to Formation of Entrepreneur Intensions”, Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation, Texas University, 1–189.
  • VAN GELDEREN, M., Brand, M., Van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., ve Van Gils, A. (2008), “Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the International,Vol: 13, No: 6, 538-559. planned behaviour”, Career Development
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Özlem Çetinkaya Bozkurt Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetinkaya Bozkurt, Ö. (2014). PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ TEORİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE ÖĞRENCİLERİN GİRİŞİMCİ OLMA NİYETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 27-47.