POST KEYNESYEN FİYATLAMA MODELLERİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 74 - 116, 31.12.2024

Songül Özer , Cem Mehmet Baydur

Öz

Keynes’in görüşlerinin yeni fikirlerle geliştirilmiş bir yorumu olan Post Keynesyen iktisadi yaklaşım, Neoklasik ve Neokeynesyen görüşlere alternatif değerlendirmeler getiren düşünceler topluluğu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bilgi ve belirlenebilirliğin karşısına eksik bilgi, bilinmezlik ve belirsizliği yerleştiren Post Keynesyenler, genel denge yaklaşımına da karşı çıkmışlardır. Ayrıca atomistik yaklaşım yerine organik bir yaklaşım benimsemiş, insanın sosyal ve karmaşık bir varlık olmasının davranış ve kararlara etkisini vurgulamışlardır. Bunların yanında Neoklasiklerin ergodik zaman anlayışını kabul etmeyerek olayların tarihselliğini öne çıkarmış; kapalı sistemden ziyade açık sistem modelleri geliştirmişlerdir. Bu açıdan piyasalar yoğunlaşma ve tekelleşmenin görüldüğü, eksik rekabetin esas olduğu sistemlerdir. Eksik rekabet koşullarında ise başta fiyat oluşumu olmak üzere Neoklasik iddiaların geçersiz olduğunu savunmuşlardır.
Post Keynesyen iktisat, birçok hususta olduğu gibi piyasada fiyatların oluşması hususunda da Neoklasik iktisattan kopmaktadır. Post Keynesyenlere göre piyasada farklı düzeylerde tekelleşme vardır ve fiyatları piyasadaki arz-talep ilişkisi değil tekel konumundaki firmalar, maliyetlere ve kendi stratejik amaçlarına göre rakipleri dikkate alarak belirlemektedir. Fiyatlamanın temelinde çeşitli şekillerde hesaplanan maliyetler ve bu maliyetlere eklenen bir mark-up vardır. Firmalar fiyatları belirlerken kar marjının yanında rakip firmaların davranışları ve müşterilerin küstürülmesi ihtimalini de göz önüne almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

post keynesyen iktisat, fiyat teorisi, bölüşüm

Kaynakça

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