Araştırma Makalesi
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ADAPTATION OF THE EPISTEMIC EXCLUSION SCALE INTO TURKISH

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 25 - 37, 22.12.2025

Öz

The objective of this research is to translate the Epistemic Exclusion Scale created by Jones et al. (2025) into Turkish for teachers. During the adaptation process of the scale, data were obtained from 223 teachers with different levels of professional experience and education, working in different types of public and private schools in different regions of Türkiye, through an online survey technique and on a voluntary basis. Reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on the obtained data using SPSS 25 and AMOS 26 software. As a result of the analyses of validity and reliability, it has been found that the Turkish adapted version of the Epistemic Exclusion Scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool for research to be conducted with teachers in the Turkish literature.

Kaynakça

  • Atkinson, A. B. (1998). Exclusion, employment and opportunity (pp. 1-20). Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics.
  • Balcı, M. E. (2022). Çağdaş sosyolojik ikilemler için bir milat: Parsons-Schutz Tartışması. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(3), 450-470. https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1196601
  • Bayraklı, E. (2025). İslamofobi: Bir kavramın soy kütüğü. Journal of Media and Religion Studies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.47951/mediad.1604380
  • Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6(149). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
  • Byrne, B. M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2010). Testing for measurement and structural equivalence in large-scale cross-cultural studies: addressing the issue of nonequivalence. International Journal of Testing, 10(2), 107-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305051003637306
  • Çapık, C. (2014). Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarında doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin kullanımı. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(3), 196-205. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunihem/issue/2666/34715
  • Dignath, C., Rimm-Kaufman, S., van Ewijk, R., & Kunter, M. (2022). Teachers’ beliefs about inclusive education and insights on what contributes to those beliefs: a meta-analytical study. Educational Psychology Review, 34(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-022-09695-0
  • Everitt, B. S., & Skrondal, A. (2010). The Cambridge dictionary of statistics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348-1366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012743
  • Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press.
  • Geisinger, K. F. (1994). Psychometric issues in testing students with disabilities. Applied Measurement in Education, 7(2), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324818ame0702_2
  • Gökalp Kutlu, A. (2024). Ursula von der Leyen Liderliğinde Avrupa Birliği toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikaları (2019-2024). Fe Dergi, Özel sayı, 56-88. https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1559763
  • Gökdemir, F., & Yılmaz, T. (2023). Likert tipi ölçekleri kullanma, modifiye etme, uyarlama ve geliştirme süreçleri. Journal of Nursology, 26(2), 148-160. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jnursology/issue/78303/1319364
  • Güven, F. (2025). Poscolonial feminism: Quest for Identity in Fruit of The Lemon. Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.31463/aicusbed.1648541
  • Hambleton, R. K. (1996). Guidelines for adapting educational and psychological tests. Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1-45.
  • Hambleton, R. K. (2005). Adapting Educational and Psychological Tests for Cross-Cultural Assessment (pp. 3-38). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Holzer, H. J., & Neumark, D. (2000). Assessing affirmative action. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3), 483-568. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.3.483
  • Huber, J., Neuner, G., Karwacka-Vögele, K., & et. al. (2012). Intercultural competence for all: Preparation for living in a heterogeneous world. Council of Europe Publishing. https://rm.coe.int/intercultural-competence-for-all/16808ce20c
  • International Labour Organization. (2011). Equality at work: Tackling the challenges. International Labour Office.
  • Jiang, S., Jiang, C., Cheng, Y., & Li, W. (2022). Multidimensional measurement of child social exclusion: Development and psychometric properties of the Social Exclusion Scale for children (SESC). Children and Youth Services Review, 141, 106624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106624
  • Jones, M. K., Grower, P., Settles, I. H., Buchanan, N. T., Dotson, K., O’Rourke, M., Rinkus, M. A., Wiklund, L. O., Miller-
  • Tejada, S., Harrison, E., & Gaskin-Cole, G. (2025). Initial development and validation of the Faculty Epistemic Exclusion Scale. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000612
  • Kamalı, S., & Kıral, B. (2023). Eğitim örgütlerinde dışlanma. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(1), 172-186. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1170906
  • Karakaya, C., Özsavran, M., & Kurt, A. (2024). The Social Exclusion Scale for Children (SESC): A validity and reliability study in Turkish. Journal of Social Service Research, 50(5), 771-783. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2024.2375518
  • Kotzee, B. (2017). The Routledge handbook of epistemic injustice. Routledge.
  • Kurum, G., & Erdemli, Ö. (2022). İş yerinde dışlanma ölçeğini öğretmenler için türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 51(233), 279-301. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.787864
  • Lee, S. (2025, March 13). Exploring item total correlation: methods and practical examples today. Number Analytics. https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/exploring-item-total-correlation-methods-practical-examples-today
  • Lindner, K.-T., Schwab, S., Emara, M., & Avramidis, E. (2023). Do teachers favor the inclusion of all students? A systematic review of primary schoolteachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 38(6), 766-787. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2023.2172894
  • Merriam-Webster. (2025). Epistemic Definition & Meaning. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epistemic
  • Özcan, B. (2024). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının epistemik merak düzeyleri ile mizaç özellikleri ve öğrenme davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Dissertation]. https://hdl.handle.net/11499/57380
  • Phillips, A. (1995). The politics of presence. Clarendon Press.
  • Settles, I. H., Buchanan, N. T., & Dotson, K. (2019). Scrutinized but not recognized: (In)visibility and hypervisibility experiences of faculty of color. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 113, 62-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.003
  • Settles, I. H., Jones, M. K., Buchanan, N. T., & Brassel, S. T. (2021). Epistemic exclusion of women faculty and faculty of color: understanding scholar(ly) devaluation as a predictor of turnover intentions. The Journal of Higher Education, 93(1), 31-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2021.1914494
  • Silver, H. (1994). Social exclusion and social solidarity: Three paradigms. International Labour Review, 133(5-6), 531-578.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2022). Dışlamak. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ UCLA Advanced Research Computing. (n.d.). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in R with lavaan. UCLA Advanced Research Computing Statistical Methods and Data Analytics. https://stats.oarc.ucla.edu/r/seminars/rcfa/
  • UNESCO. (2017). Education for people and planet: Creating sustainable futures for all. UNESCO Publishing. United Nations. (2016). (rep.). Leaving no one behind: The Imperative of Inclusive Development (pp. 1-164). New York, NY. Retrieved 2025, from https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/un/2016/en/114065.
  • van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Hambleton, R. K. (1996). Translating tests: Some practical guidelines. European Psychologist, 1(2), 89-99.
  • Walker, V. L., Douglas, K., Wang, C., & Li, Z. (2022). Special education teachers’ perspectives of effective pre-service training practices in systematic instruction for students with extensive support needs. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2022.2110362
  • Walter, H., Kutscher, E. L., Fox, H. B., Tuckwiller, E. D., & Ball, K. B. (2023). A tale of caution: Navigating special education teacher resistance to well-being professional development. 4, 100253-100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100253
  • Wilkinson, R. G., & Pickett, K. E. (2009). The spirit level: Why more equal societies almost always do better. Penguin.
  • Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 425-452.
  • World Bank. (2018). The state of social safety nets 2018. World Bank Group.
  • Yurdakul, A. (2024). Sosyobilimsel Konular Bağlamında Öğrencilerde Epistemik Belirsizliğin İncelenmesi [Dissertaton].https://avesis.marmara.edu.tr/yayin/913deafe-a966-4c35-ae42-4f735ca87122/sosyobilimsel-konular-baglaminda-ogrencilerde-epistemik-belirsizligin-incelenmesi
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Intersectionality and feminist politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3), 193-209.
  • Yükseköğretim Kurulu. (2025). Yükseköğretim Bilgi Yönetim Sistemi. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/

EPİSTEMİK DIŞLAMA ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE'YE UYARLANMASI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 25 - 37, 22.12.2025

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Jones ve diğerleri (2025) tarafından geliştirilen Epistemik Dışlama Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye, öğretmenlere yönelik olarak, uyarlanmasıdır. Ölçeğin uyarlanma sürecinde Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde farklı resmi ve özel okul türlerinde görev yapan, farklı düzeylerde mesleki deneyime ve eğitim düzeyine sahip 223 öğretmenden, çevrim içi ortamda anket tekniği yoluyla ve gönüllülük esasına göre veriler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS 25 ve AMOS 26 programları kullanılarak güvenilirlik ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Geçerlik ve güvenilirliğe yönelik yapılan analizler sonucunda, Epistemik Dışlama Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanmış formunun Türkçe alan yazınında öğretmenler ile yapılacak araştırmalar için geçerli ve güvenilir bir veri toplama aracı olduğu bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Atkinson, A. B. (1998). Exclusion, employment and opportunity (pp. 1-20). Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics.
  • Balcı, M. E. (2022). Çağdaş sosyolojik ikilemler için bir milat: Parsons-Schutz Tartışması. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(3), 450-470. https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1196601
  • Bayraklı, E. (2025). İslamofobi: Bir kavramın soy kütüğü. Journal of Media and Religion Studies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.47951/mediad.1604380
  • Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6(149). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
  • Byrne, B. M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2010). Testing for measurement and structural equivalence in large-scale cross-cultural studies: addressing the issue of nonequivalence. International Journal of Testing, 10(2), 107-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305051003637306
  • Çapık, C. (2014). Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarında doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin kullanımı. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(3), 196-205. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunihem/issue/2666/34715
  • Dignath, C., Rimm-Kaufman, S., van Ewijk, R., & Kunter, M. (2022). Teachers’ beliefs about inclusive education and insights on what contributes to those beliefs: a meta-analytical study. Educational Psychology Review, 34(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-022-09695-0
  • Everitt, B. S., & Skrondal, A. (2010). The Cambridge dictionary of statistics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348-1366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012743
  • Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press.
  • Geisinger, K. F. (1994). Psychometric issues in testing students with disabilities. Applied Measurement in Education, 7(2), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324818ame0702_2
  • Gökalp Kutlu, A. (2024). Ursula von der Leyen Liderliğinde Avrupa Birliği toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikaları (2019-2024). Fe Dergi, Özel sayı, 56-88. https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1559763
  • Gökdemir, F., & Yılmaz, T. (2023). Likert tipi ölçekleri kullanma, modifiye etme, uyarlama ve geliştirme süreçleri. Journal of Nursology, 26(2), 148-160. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jnursology/issue/78303/1319364
  • Güven, F. (2025). Poscolonial feminism: Quest for Identity in Fruit of The Lemon. Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.31463/aicusbed.1648541
  • Hambleton, R. K. (1996). Guidelines for adapting educational and psychological tests. Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1-45.
  • Hambleton, R. K. (2005). Adapting Educational and Psychological Tests for Cross-Cultural Assessment (pp. 3-38). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Holzer, H. J., & Neumark, D. (2000). Assessing affirmative action. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3), 483-568. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.3.483
  • Huber, J., Neuner, G., Karwacka-Vögele, K., & et. al. (2012). Intercultural competence for all: Preparation for living in a heterogeneous world. Council of Europe Publishing. https://rm.coe.int/intercultural-competence-for-all/16808ce20c
  • International Labour Organization. (2011). Equality at work: Tackling the challenges. International Labour Office.
  • Jiang, S., Jiang, C., Cheng, Y., & Li, W. (2022). Multidimensional measurement of child social exclusion: Development and psychometric properties of the Social Exclusion Scale for children (SESC). Children and Youth Services Review, 141, 106624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106624
  • Jones, M. K., Grower, P., Settles, I. H., Buchanan, N. T., Dotson, K., O’Rourke, M., Rinkus, M. A., Wiklund, L. O., Miller-
  • Tejada, S., Harrison, E., & Gaskin-Cole, G. (2025). Initial development and validation of the Faculty Epistemic Exclusion Scale. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000612
  • Kamalı, S., & Kıral, B. (2023). Eğitim örgütlerinde dışlanma. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(1), 172-186. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1170906
  • Karakaya, C., Özsavran, M., & Kurt, A. (2024). The Social Exclusion Scale for Children (SESC): A validity and reliability study in Turkish. Journal of Social Service Research, 50(5), 771-783. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2024.2375518
  • Kotzee, B. (2017). The Routledge handbook of epistemic injustice. Routledge.
  • Kurum, G., & Erdemli, Ö. (2022). İş yerinde dışlanma ölçeğini öğretmenler için türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 51(233), 279-301. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.787864
  • Lee, S. (2025, March 13). Exploring item total correlation: methods and practical examples today. Number Analytics. https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/exploring-item-total-correlation-methods-practical-examples-today
  • Lindner, K.-T., Schwab, S., Emara, M., & Avramidis, E. (2023). Do teachers favor the inclusion of all students? A systematic review of primary schoolteachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 38(6), 766-787. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2023.2172894
  • Merriam-Webster. (2025). Epistemic Definition & Meaning. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epistemic
  • Özcan, B. (2024). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının epistemik merak düzeyleri ile mizaç özellikleri ve öğrenme davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Dissertation]. https://hdl.handle.net/11499/57380
  • Phillips, A. (1995). The politics of presence. Clarendon Press.
  • Settles, I. H., Buchanan, N. T., & Dotson, K. (2019). Scrutinized but not recognized: (In)visibility and hypervisibility experiences of faculty of color. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 113, 62-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.003
  • Settles, I. H., Jones, M. K., Buchanan, N. T., & Brassel, S. T. (2021). Epistemic exclusion of women faculty and faculty of color: understanding scholar(ly) devaluation as a predictor of turnover intentions. The Journal of Higher Education, 93(1), 31-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2021.1914494
  • Silver, H. (1994). Social exclusion and social solidarity: Three paradigms. International Labour Review, 133(5-6), 531-578.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2022). Dışlamak. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ UCLA Advanced Research Computing. (n.d.). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in R with lavaan. UCLA Advanced Research Computing Statistical Methods and Data Analytics. https://stats.oarc.ucla.edu/r/seminars/rcfa/
  • UNESCO. (2017). Education for people and planet: Creating sustainable futures for all. UNESCO Publishing. United Nations. (2016). (rep.). Leaving no one behind: The Imperative of Inclusive Development (pp. 1-164). New York, NY. Retrieved 2025, from https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/un/2016/en/114065.
  • van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Hambleton, R. K. (1996). Translating tests: Some practical guidelines. European Psychologist, 1(2), 89-99.
  • Walker, V. L., Douglas, K., Wang, C., & Li, Z. (2022). Special education teachers’ perspectives of effective pre-service training practices in systematic instruction for students with extensive support needs. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2022.2110362
  • Walter, H., Kutscher, E. L., Fox, H. B., Tuckwiller, E. D., & Ball, K. B. (2023). A tale of caution: Navigating special education teacher resistance to well-being professional development. 4, 100253-100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100253
  • Wilkinson, R. G., & Pickett, K. E. (2009). The spirit level: Why more equal societies almost always do better. Penguin.
  • Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 425-452.
  • World Bank. (2018). The state of social safety nets 2018. World Bank Group.
  • Yurdakul, A. (2024). Sosyobilimsel Konular Bağlamında Öğrencilerde Epistemik Belirsizliğin İncelenmesi [Dissertaton].https://avesis.marmara.edu.tr/yayin/913deafe-a966-4c35-ae42-4f735ca87122/sosyobilimsel-konular-baglaminda-ogrencilerde-epistemik-belirsizligin-incelenmesi
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Intersectionality and feminist politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3), 193-209.
  • Yükseköğretim Kurulu. (2025). Yükseköğretim Bilgi Yönetim Sistemi. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eğitim Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Emre Can Çıracı 0009-0007-9645-0194

Soner Polat 0000-0003-2407-6491

Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çıracı, E. C., & Polat, S. (2025). EPİSTEMİK DIŞLAMA ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLANMASI. Eğitim Yönetimi ve Politikaları Dergisi, 6(2), 25-37.