Gelişimsel Dil Gecikmesi Tanılı Çocukların Oyun Sürecinde Anneleriyle Olan İlişkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada gelişimsel dil gecikmesi tanılı çocuğu olan annelerin çocuklarıyla olan ilişkilerinin ve etkileşimlerinin serbest oyun yoluyla değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu amaçlı örneklem yoluyla seçilmiştir. Nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden yapılandırılmış gözlem tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 36-48 aylık, gelişimsel konuşma gecikmesi tanılı, özel eğitime devam eden yirmi çocuk ile anneleri dâhil edilmiştir. Anneler ve çocuklar serbest oyun esnasında videoya kaydedilmiş ve bu kayıtlar izlenerek, Ebeveyn Çocuk Oyun Gözlem Formu yardımıyla kodlanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, annelerin yarıya yakınının çocuktan gelen mesajları anladığı, oyuncakları çocuğa tanıttığı, oyunda yaptıklarını ona anlattığı, çocuk konuşurken onun sözünü kesmediği ve çok az bir kısmınınsa oyuncakların isimlerini çocuğa söylediği, oyunda çocuğun ne yaptığını ona anlattığı, çocuğun söylediğini tekrar ettiği, kullandığı kelimeyi genişlettiği, cümleden sonra durarak konuşması için çocuğa fırsat tanıdığı, konuşulanı anladığına yönelik jest, mimik kullandığı, oyundaki süreci çocuğa anlatmadığı, oyun süresince ses iniş ve çıkışlarına dikkat etmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca annelerin tamamının çocukla net, anlaşılır konuşmasının yanı sıra oyun hakkında işlevsel bir yorum yapmadığı, çocuğun duygularını ifade etmediği; yarıdan fazlasınınsa çocuğun öğrenmesini desteklediği ve çocuğa ismiyle seslendiği gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak anne-çocuk iletişiminin ve etkileşiminin bir çocuğun dilinin gelişiminde önemli bir değişken olduğu ve anne tarafından kullanılan dil becerilerini destekleyici stratejilerin çocuğun dil gelişimine etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelişimsel dil gecikmesi
• Anne çocuk ilişkisi
• Dil gelişimi
• Çocukluk dönemi

The Relationship of Children with Developmental Language Delay with their Mothers in the Play Process

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationships and interactions of mothers with children with developmental language delay with their children through free play. The study group of the research was selected through purposeful sampling. The structured observation technique, which is one of the qualitative data collection methods, was used. Twenty children with a diagnosis of developmental speech delay between the ages of 36-48 months and attending special education and their mothers were included in the study. Mothers and children were videotaped during free play and these images were coded as “yes” or “no” over the items in the Parent Child Play Observation Form. According to the results obtained from the observation form, almost half of the mothers understood the messages from the child, introduced the toys used in the game to the child, did not interrupt when the child was talking, told the child what they had done in the game, and also very few of the mothers expanded the word used by the child, told the names of the toys to the child, repeated what the child said. It was observed that he stopped after the sentence and gave the child the opportunity to speak, explained what the child was doing in the game, used gestures and facial expressions to indicate that the child understood what he was talking about, did not explain the game, and did not pay attention to the ups and downs of the voice during the game. In addition, it was observed that all of the mothers did not make a functional comment to the child about the game, did not express the child's feelings and spoke clearly and clearly with the child, while more than half of the mothers supported the child's learning in a way that could be observed concretely and called the child by name. As a result, it has been determined that mother-child communication and interaction is an important variable in the development of a child's language and the strategies used by the mother to support language skills are effective on the child's language development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Developmental language delay
• Mother child relationship
• Childhood

Kaynakça

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