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Türkiye’de Alternatif Medya Yoluyla Kolektif Norm-Dışı Kimlik İnşası

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 108 - 150, 17.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1691551

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin en uzun soluklu kuir yayını olan Kaos GL Dergisi’nin yayın hayatına başladığı 1994 yılında yayımlanan ilk iki metin aracılığıyla, derginin nasıl bir kolektif kimlik inşa ettiğini incelemektedir. Türkiye'de 1990’ların başına dek kuir hareket, yeni toplumsal hareketlerin bir parçası olamamış; kuir kimlikler ise görünmez kılınmıştır. Kaos GL hem hareketin gelişimini belgeleyen hem de heteroseksüel olmayan bireylerin kimlik mücadelesinde etkin bir rol üstlenen bir platform olarak konumlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesini Kuir Dilbilim, yöntemsel yaklaşımını ise temellendirilmiş tematik analiz ile bir Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesi modeli olan Söylem-Tarihsel Yaklaşım oluşturmaktadır. Analiz kapsamında iki metinde öncelikle tematik içerikler belirlenmiş; ardından adlandırma ve yükleme stratejileri üzerinden iç grup ve dış grup temsilleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular, olumlu ve karmaşık biçimde kurgulanan bir iç gruba karşılık, homojen, olumsuz ve daha az karmaşık bir dış grup inşasına işaret etmektedir. Bu olumlu-biz/olumsuz-onlar ayrımı ve çok katmanlı iç grup kurgusu, tarihsel ve sosyopolitik bağlam çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, Mehmet. 2014. “LGBTİ bireylerin yirmi yıllık kamusal alanı: Kaos GL”. Agos. 20 Eylül. https://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/8053/lgbti-bireylerinyirmi-yillik-kamusal-alani-kaos-gl?utm
  • Başaran, Yeşim. 2003. “Türkiye’de Eşcinsel Kurtuluş Hareketini Yaratırken.” Lezbiyen ve Geylerin Sorunları ve Toplumsal Barış İçin Çözüm Arayışları, Kaos GL Sempozyumu (23–24 Mayıs 2003). Kaos GL.
  • Bucholtz, Mary ve Kira Hall. 2006. “Gender, Sexuality and Gender.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics, 2. baskı. der. E. K. Brown. Cilt 4. Elsevier. 145 fe dergi Türkiye’de Alternatif Medya Yoluyla Kolektif Norm-Dışı Kimlik İnşası
  • Browne, Kath. 2006. “Queer Theory/Queer Geographies.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics (2. Baskı), der. E. K. Brown. Cilt 4. Elsevier.
  • Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge.
  • Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex”. Routledge.
  • Cameron, Deborah, ve Don Kulick. 2003. Language and Sexuality. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791178.
  • Charmaz, Kathy. 2006. Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. Sage Publications. http://www.sxf. uevora.pt/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Charmaz_2006.pdf.
  • Corbin, Juliet, ve Anselm Strauss. 2008. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 3. baskı. Sage Publications.
  • Çetin, Zeynep. 2015. “Türkiye’de Queer Hareketinin Dinamiği.” Erişim: 12 Eylül 2018. https://tr.boell.org/tr/2015/11/04/tuerk_yede-queerhareket_n_n-d_nam_g_.
  • de Cillia, Rudolf, Martin Reisigl ve Ruth Wodak. 1999. “The Discursive Construction of National Identities.” Discourse & Society 10(2): 149– 173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002.
  • Engindeniz, İdil. 2012. “L’émergence d’un ‘espace public LGBT’ en Turquie: Une analyse de la revue Kaos GL.” Doktora tezi, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Fransa.
  • Erol, Ali. 2011. “Eşcinsel Kurtuluş Hareketinin Türkiye Seyri.” Cogito 65–66: 431–464. 146 fe dergi Alan
  • Fairclough, Norman ve Ruth Wodak. 1997. “Critical Discourse Analysis.” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Volume 2, der. Teun A. van Dijk, Sage.
  • Foucault, Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality. Çev. R. Hurley. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, Michel. 2002. The Archaeology of Knowledge. Çev. A. M. Sheridan Smith. Routledge.
  • Foucault, Michel. 2005. Doğruyu Söylemek. Çev. K. Eksen. Ayrıntı. Gedizlioğlu, Deniz. (Haz.). 2020. LGBTİ+ Hakları Alanında Çeviri Sözlüğü. Kaos GL.
  • Güdül, Özlem, Özgür Çolak, Pınar Önen ve Uğur Şah, der. 2017. Psikologlar İçin LGBTİ’lerle Çalışma Kılavuzu. Ankara: Toplumsal Dayanışma İçin Psikologlar Derneği. https://www.stgm.org.tr/sites/default/ files/2020-09/todaptan-psikologlar-icin-lgbtilerle-calisma-kilavuzu. pdf.
  • Güneş, Ahmet. 2016. Göğe Kuşak Lazım. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık. Halliday, M. A. K. ve Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Arnold.
  • ILGA. 2009. “A Brief History of LGBT Movement in Turkey.” Erişim: https:// ilga.org/a-brief-history-of-the-lgbt-movement-in-turkey. Jagose, Annamarie. 2015. Queer Teori: Bir Giriş. Çev. Ali Toprak. NotaBene & KaosGL.
  • Kaos GL. 2006. Erişim: 2 Ekim 2025. https://kaosgl.org/haber/lgbt-sozluk.
  • Kaos GL Dergisi. 2011. Erişim: 5 Ekim 2018. http://www.kaosgldergi.com/ 147 fe dergi Türkiye’de Alternatif Medya Yoluyla Kolektif Norm-Dışı Kimlik İnşası dergi.php.
  • Kaos GL Derneği. 2011. “Biz Kimiz?” Erişim: 25 Temmuz 2017, http://www. kaosgldernegi.org/belge.php?id=tarihce
  • Karaağaç, Günay. 2013. Dil Bilimi Terimleri Sözlüğü. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2009. “Analysing Collective Identity in Discourse: Social Actors and Contexts.” Semen 27. https://doi.org/10.4000/semen.8877.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2011. “Analysing Lesbian Identity in Discourse: Combining Discourse-Historical and Socio-Cognitive Approaches.” Critical Discourse Studies in Discourse and Cognition, der. Christopher Hart, John Benjamins.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2012. “How to analyse collective identity in discourse: Textual and contextual parameters.” Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines 5(2): 19–38. http://cadaad.net/2012_ volume_5_issue_2/79-66.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2013. “Constructing (non-)normative identities in written lesbian discourse: A diachronic study.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 572–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926513486166.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2014. “No ordinary boy: Language, masculinities and queer pornography.” Language and Masculinities: Performances, Intersections, Dislocations, der. Tommaso Milani. Routledge.
  • Krinsky, Charles. 2000. “Homophobia.” Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopaedia, der. George E. Haggerty. Garland Publishing.
  • Kulick, Don. 2000. “Gay and lesbian language.” Annual Review of Anthropology 29: 243–285. https://www.annualreviews.org/docserver/ 148 fe dergi Alan fulltext/anthro/29/1/annurev.anthro.29.1.243.pdf.
  • Leap, William L. 1995. Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: Authenticity, Imagination and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Language. Gordon & Breach.
  • Leap, William L. 1996. Words Out: Gay Men’s English. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Leap, William L. 2001. “Gay language.” Concise Encyclopedia of Sociolinguistics, der. Rajend Mesthrie. Elsevier.
  • Leap, William L. 2013. “Commentary II: Queering language and normativity.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 643–648. https://doi. org/10.1177/0957926513490320.
  • Mills, Sara. 2004. Discourse. Routledge.
  • Motschenbacher, Heiko. 2010. Language, Gender and Sexual Identity: Poststructuralist Perspectives. John Benjamins.
  • Motschenbacher, Heiko. 2013. “‘Now Everybody Can Wear a Skirt’: Linguistic Constructions of Non-Heteronormativity at Eurovision Song Contest
  • Press Conferences.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 590–614. https://doi. org/10.1177/0957926513486167.
  • Motschenbacher, Heiko. 2024. “Queer Linguistics.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics, der. Hilary Nesi ve Petar Milin, 1–4.
  • Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95504-1.00083-1.
  • Motschenbacher, Heiko ve Martin Stegu. 2013. “Queer Linguistic Approaches to Discourse: Introduction.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 519–535. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24441610.
  • Oswald, Ramona Faith, Linda B. Blume ve Stephen R. Marks. 2005. “Decentering Heteronormativity: A Model for Family Studies.” 149 fe dergi Türkiye’de Alternatif Medya Yoluyla Kolektif Norm-Dışı Kimlik İnşası
  • Sourcebook of Family Theory & Research, der. Vern L. Bengtson, Alan C. Acock, Katherine R. Allen, Peggy Dilworth-Anderson ve David M. Klein, Sage Publications Inc.
  • Öner, Aysun. 2015. Beyaz Yakalı Eşcinseller: İşyerinde Cinsel Yönelim Ayrımcılığı ve Mücadele Stratejileri. İletişim.
  • Özbay, Cenk. 2015. “Same-Sex Sexualities in Turkey.” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2. Baskı), der. James D. Wright. Elsevier.
  • Partog, Erdal. 2012. “Queer Teori Bağlamında Türkiye LGBTT Mücadelesinin Siyasi Çizgisi.” Cinsellik Muamması: Türkiye’de Queer Kültür ve Muhalefet, der. Cüneyt Çakırlar ve Serkan Delice. Metis.
  • Polletta, Francesca ve James M. Jasper. 2001. “Collective Identity and Social Movements.” Annual Review of Sociology 27: 283–305. https://sites. socsci.uci.edu/~polletta/Articles%20and%20Book%20Chapters_ files/2001%20Polletta%20and%20Jasper%20Collective%20Identity. pdf.
  • Reisigl, Martin ve Ruth Wodak. 2001. Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism. Routledge. https://doi. org/10.4324/9780203993712.
  • Reisigl, Martin ve Ruth Wodak. 2021. “The Discourse-Historical Approach.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, der. Ruth Wodak ve Michael Meyer, Sage Publications.
  • Smart, Barry. 2002. Michel Foucault: Revised Edition. Routledge. van Dijk, Teun A. 2001. “Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis.” Discourse & Society 4: 249–283. 150 fe dergi Alan
  • van Leeuwen, Theo. 1996. “The Representation of Social Actors.” Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, der. Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard ve Malcolm Coulthard. Routledge.
  • Waltz, Mitzi. 2005. Alternative and Activist Media. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Wodak, Ruth. 2001. “What CDA Is About – A Summary About Its History, Important Concepts and Its Developments.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, der. Ruth Wodak ve Michael Meyer. Sage Publications.
  • Wodak, Ruth, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl ve Karin Liebhart. 2000. The Discursive Construction of National Identity. Edinburgh University Press.

The Construction of Collective Non-Conforming Identity in Türkiye through Alternative Media

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 108 - 150, 17.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1691551

Öz

This study examines how Kaos GL Magazine, the longest-running queer publication in Türkiye, constructed a collective identity through its first two texts published in 1994, the year it was launched. Until the early 1990s, the queer movement in Turkey had not been part of the new social movements, and queer identities had been rendered invisible. Kaos GL not only documented the development of the movement but also played an active role in the identity struggle of non-heterosexual individuals. The theoretical framework of the study draws on Queer Linguistics, while its methodology is based on grounded thematic analysis and the Discourse-Historical Approach, a model within Critical Discourse Analysis. Thematic content was first identified in the two texts, followed by an analysis of in-group and out-group representations through nomination and predication strategies. The findings reveal the construction of a positive and complex in-group, in contrast to a negative, homogeneous, and less complex out-group. These in-group/out-group dynamics and the multi-layered structuring of the in-group are interpreted within their historical and socio-political context.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, Mehmet. 2014. “LGBTİ bireylerin yirmi yıllık kamusal alanı: Kaos GL”. Agos. 20 Eylül. https://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/8053/lgbti-bireylerinyirmi-yillik-kamusal-alani-kaos-gl?utm
  • Başaran, Yeşim. 2003. “Türkiye’de Eşcinsel Kurtuluş Hareketini Yaratırken.” Lezbiyen ve Geylerin Sorunları ve Toplumsal Barış İçin Çözüm Arayışları, Kaos GL Sempozyumu (23–24 Mayıs 2003). Kaos GL.
  • Bucholtz, Mary ve Kira Hall. 2006. “Gender, Sexuality and Gender.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics, 2. baskı. der. E. K. Brown. Cilt 4. Elsevier. 145 fe dergi Türkiye’de Alternatif Medya Yoluyla Kolektif Norm-Dışı Kimlik İnşası
  • Browne, Kath. 2006. “Queer Theory/Queer Geographies.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics (2. Baskı), der. E. K. Brown. Cilt 4. Elsevier.
  • Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge.
  • Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex”. Routledge.
  • Cameron, Deborah, ve Don Kulick. 2003. Language and Sexuality. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791178.
  • Charmaz, Kathy. 2006. Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. Sage Publications. http://www.sxf. uevora.pt/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Charmaz_2006.pdf.
  • Corbin, Juliet, ve Anselm Strauss. 2008. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 3. baskı. Sage Publications.
  • Çetin, Zeynep. 2015. “Türkiye’de Queer Hareketinin Dinamiği.” Erişim: 12 Eylül 2018. https://tr.boell.org/tr/2015/11/04/tuerk_yede-queerhareket_n_n-d_nam_g_.
  • de Cillia, Rudolf, Martin Reisigl ve Ruth Wodak. 1999. “The Discursive Construction of National Identities.” Discourse & Society 10(2): 149– 173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002.
  • Engindeniz, İdil. 2012. “L’émergence d’un ‘espace public LGBT’ en Turquie: Une analyse de la revue Kaos GL.” Doktora tezi, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Fransa.
  • Erol, Ali. 2011. “Eşcinsel Kurtuluş Hareketinin Türkiye Seyri.” Cogito 65–66: 431–464. 146 fe dergi Alan
  • Fairclough, Norman ve Ruth Wodak. 1997. “Critical Discourse Analysis.” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Volume 2, der. Teun A. van Dijk, Sage.
  • Foucault, Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality. Çev. R. Hurley. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, Michel. 2002. The Archaeology of Knowledge. Çev. A. M. Sheridan Smith. Routledge.
  • Foucault, Michel. 2005. Doğruyu Söylemek. Çev. K. Eksen. Ayrıntı. Gedizlioğlu, Deniz. (Haz.). 2020. LGBTİ+ Hakları Alanında Çeviri Sözlüğü. Kaos GL.
  • Güdül, Özlem, Özgür Çolak, Pınar Önen ve Uğur Şah, der. 2017. Psikologlar İçin LGBTİ’lerle Çalışma Kılavuzu. Ankara: Toplumsal Dayanışma İçin Psikologlar Derneği. https://www.stgm.org.tr/sites/default/ files/2020-09/todaptan-psikologlar-icin-lgbtilerle-calisma-kilavuzu. pdf.
  • Güneş, Ahmet. 2016. Göğe Kuşak Lazım. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık. Halliday, M. A. K. ve Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Arnold.
  • ILGA. 2009. “A Brief History of LGBT Movement in Turkey.” Erişim: https:// ilga.org/a-brief-history-of-the-lgbt-movement-in-turkey. Jagose, Annamarie. 2015. Queer Teori: Bir Giriş. Çev. Ali Toprak. NotaBene & KaosGL.
  • Kaos GL. 2006. Erişim: 2 Ekim 2025. https://kaosgl.org/haber/lgbt-sozluk.
  • Kaos GL Dergisi. 2011. Erişim: 5 Ekim 2018. http://www.kaosgldergi.com/ 147 fe dergi Türkiye’de Alternatif Medya Yoluyla Kolektif Norm-Dışı Kimlik İnşası dergi.php.
  • Kaos GL Derneği. 2011. “Biz Kimiz?” Erişim: 25 Temmuz 2017, http://www. kaosgldernegi.org/belge.php?id=tarihce
  • Karaağaç, Günay. 2013. Dil Bilimi Terimleri Sözlüğü. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2009. “Analysing Collective Identity in Discourse: Social Actors and Contexts.” Semen 27. https://doi.org/10.4000/semen.8877.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2011. “Analysing Lesbian Identity in Discourse: Combining Discourse-Historical and Socio-Cognitive Approaches.” Critical Discourse Studies in Discourse and Cognition, der. Christopher Hart, John Benjamins.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2012. “How to analyse collective identity in discourse: Textual and contextual parameters.” Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines 5(2): 19–38. http://cadaad.net/2012_ volume_5_issue_2/79-66.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2013. “Constructing (non-)normative identities in written lesbian discourse: A diachronic study.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 572–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926513486166.
  • Koller, Veronika. 2014. “No ordinary boy: Language, masculinities and queer pornography.” Language and Masculinities: Performances, Intersections, Dislocations, der. Tommaso Milani. Routledge.
  • Krinsky, Charles. 2000. “Homophobia.” Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopaedia, der. George E. Haggerty. Garland Publishing.
  • Kulick, Don. 2000. “Gay and lesbian language.” Annual Review of Anthropology 29: 243–285. https://www.annualreviews.org/docserver/ 148 fe dergi Alan fulltext/anthro/29/1/annurev.anthro.29.1.243.pdf.
  • Leap, William L. 1995. Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: Authenticity, Imagination and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Language. Gordon & Breach.
  • Leap, William L. 1996. Words Out: Gay Men’s English. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Leap, William L. 2001. “Gay language.” Concise Encyclopedia of Sociolinguistics, der. Rajend Mesthrie. Elsevier.
  • Leap, William L. 2013. “Commentary II: Queering language and normativity.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 643–648. https://doi. org/10.1177/0957926513490320.
  • Mills, Sara. 2004. Discourse. Routledge.
  • Motschenbacher, Heiko. 2010. Language, Gender and Sexual Identity: Poststructuralist Perspectives. John Benjamins.
  • Motschenbacher, Heiko. 2013. “‘Now Everybody Can Wear a Skirt’: Linguistic Constructions of Non-Heteronormativity at Eurovision Song Contest
  • Press Conferences.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 590–614. https://doi. org/10.1177/0957926513486167.
  • Motschenbacher, Heiko. 2024. “Queer Linguistics.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics, der. Hilary Nesi ve Petar Milin, 1–4.
  • Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95504-1.00083-1.
  • Motschenbacher, Heiko ve Martin Stegu. 2013. “Queer Linguistic Approaches to Discourse: Introduction.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 519–535. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24441610.
  • Oswald, Ramona Faith, Linda B. Blume ve Stephen R. Marks. 2005. “Decentering Heteronormativity: A Model for Family Studies.” 149 fe dergi Türkiye’de Alternatif Medya Yoluyla Kolektif Norm-Dışı Kimlik İnşası
  • Sourcebook of Family Theory & Research, der. Vern L. Bengtson, Alan C. Acock, Katherine R. Allen, Peggy Dilworth-Anderson ve David M. Klein, Sage Publications Inc.
  • Öner, Aysun. 2015. Beyaz Yakalı Eşcinseller: İşyerinde Cinsel Yönelim Ayrımcılığı ve Mücadele Stratejileri. İletişim.
  • Özbay, Cenk. 2015. “Same-Sex Sexualities in Turkey.” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2. Baskı), der. James D. Wright. Elsevier.
  • Partog, Erdal. 2012. “Queer Teori Bağlamında Türkiye LGBTT Mücadelesinin Siyasi Çizgisi.” Cinsellik Muamması: Türkiye’de Queer Kültür ve Muhalefet, der. Cüneyt Çakırlar ve Serkan Delice. Metis.
  • Polletta, Francesca ve James M. Jasper. 2001. “Collective Identity and Social Movements.” Annual Review of Sociology 27: 283–305. https://sites. socsci.uci.edu/~polletta/Articles%20and%20Book%20Chapters_ files/2001%20Polletta%20and%20Jasper%20Collective%20Identity. pdf.
  • Reisigl, Martin ve Ruth Wodak. 2001. Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism. Routledge. https://doi. org/10.4324/9780203993712.
  • Reisigl, Martin ve Ruth Wodak. 2021. “The Discourse-Historical Approach.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, der. Ruth Wodak ve Michael Meyer, Sage Publications.
  • Smart, Barry. 2002. Michel Foucault: Revised Edition. Routledge. van Dijk, Teun A. 2001. “Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis.” Discourse & Society 4: 249–283. 150 fe dergi Alan
  • van Leeuwen, Theo. 1996. “The Representation of Social Actors.” Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, der. Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard ve Malcolm Coulthard. Routledge.
  • Waltz, Mitzi. 2005. Alternative and Activist Media. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Wodak, Ruth. 2001. “What CDA Is About – A Summary About Its History, Important Concepts and Its Developments.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, der. Ruth Wodak ve Michael Meyer. Sage Publications.
  • Wodak, Ruth, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl ve Karin Liebhart. 2000. The Discursive Construction of National Identity. Edinburgh University Press.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Cihan Alan 0000-0001-5220-3473

Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Alan, Cihan. “Türkiye’de Alternatif Medya Yoluyla Kolektif Norm-Dışı Kimlik İnşası”. Fe Dergi 17, sy. 2 (Aralık 2025): 108-50. https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1691551.