DEĞER, NORM VE ÇEVRE ETİĞİ

Öz

J. Baird Callicott, çevre etiğinin özerk bir disiplin olabilmesi için, insan dışı varlıklara özsel değer yüklenilmesinin zorunlu olduğuna inanmaktadır. Yazının ilk bölümünde Callicott’un insan dışı varlıkların özsel değeri hakkında ileri sürdüğü görüşler irdelenmektedir. Çevre etiği açısından bir başka önemli konu da onun normatif gücüdür. İkinci bölümde doğal varlıklara değer yüklemenin ve Aristotelesçi “iyi yaşam” kavramının çevre etiğinin normatif gücüne olası etkileri tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevre etiği
• özsel değer
• araçsal değer
• normatif güç
• iyi yaşam
• Aristoteles
• Leopold
• Callicott
• O’Neill.

VALUE, NORM, AND ENVİRONMENTAL ETHİCS

Öz

J. Baird Callicott believes that we have to attribute intrinsic value to nonhuman entities in order to have environmental ethics as an autonomous discipline. Callicott’s views about the intrinsic value of non-human entities are scrutinized in the first part of the paper. Normative power of environmental ethics is another significant subject matter. In the second part, possible effects of the value attribution to natural entities and Aristotelean “good life” on the normative power of environmental ethics are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Environmental ethics
• intrinsic value
• instrumental value
• normative power
• good life
• Aristotle
• Leopold
• Callicott
• O’Neill.

Kaynakça

1. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Çeviren: C.J. Rowe, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2002.
2. Monroe C. Beardsley, “Intrinsic Value,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 26, 1, Rhode Island 1965, ss. 1-17.
3. J. Baird Callicott, “Intrinsic Value, Quantum Theory, and Environmental Ethics,” In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press 1989, ss. 157-174.
4. “Rolston on Intrinsic Value: A Deconstruction,” Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press 1999, ss. 221-237.
5. “Intrinsic Value in Nature: A Metaethical Analysis,” Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press 1999, ss. 239-261.
6. Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac: With Essays on Conservation from Round River, New York: Ballantine Books 1966.
7. “Some Fundamentals of Conservation in the Southwest,” The River of the Mother of God and Other Essays by Aldo Leopold, Editörler: S. L. Flader & J. B. Callicott, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press 1991, ss. 86-97.
8. “The Conservation Ethic,” The River of the Mother of God and Other Essays by Aldo Leopold, Editörler: S. L. Flader & J. B. Callicott, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press 1991, ss. 181-192.

9. “The State of the Profession,” The River of the Mother of God and Other Essays by Aldo Leopold, Editörler: S. L. Flader & J. B. Callicott, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press 1991, ss. 276-280.
10. “The Role of Wildlife in a Liberal Education,” The River of the Mother of God and Other Essays by Aldo Leopold, Editörler: S. L. Flader & J. B. Callicott, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press 1991, ss. 301-305.
11. “Conservation: In Whole or In Part?” The River of the Mother of God and Other Essays by Aldo Leopold, Editörler: S. L. Flader & J. B. Callicott, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press 1991, ss. 310-319.
12. “The Ecological Conscience,” The River of the Mother of God and Other Essays by Aldo Leopold, Editörler: S. L. Flader & J. B. Callicott, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press 1991, ss. 338-346.
13. “Planning for Wildlife,” For the Health of the Land, Editörler: J.B. Callicott & E.T. Freyfogle, Washington: Island Press 1999, ss. 193-198.
14. John O’Neill, “The Varieties of Intrinsic Value,” Monist, 75, 2, La Salle, Illinois 1992, ss. 119-137
15. Tom Regan, “Does Environmental Ethics Rest on a Mistake?” Monist, 75, 2, La Salle, Illinois 1992, ss. 161-182.