MODERN ZAMAN TEORİLERİ VE ZAMANIN GERÇEKLİĞİ

Öz

Zaman hakkında iki şekilde düşünürüz. Buna göre zamanı geçmiş, şimdi ve gelecek şeklinde, gelecekten geçmişe doğru bir oluş şeklinde ve öncelik, sonralık ve eş anlılık olarak tasavvur ederiz. McTaggart ilkine A serileri, ikincisine ise B serileri demiştir. Bu makalede zaman hakkında tecrübemizin A serilerine başvurmaksızın açıklanamayacağını ve böylece A zaman teorisinin B zaman teorisine göre daha doğru olduğunu ileri süreceğim.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• A – B zaman teorisi
• zamansal oluş
• McTaggart
• Kipli ve Kipsiz zaman
• Mellor.

CONTEMPORARY THEORİES OF TİME AND REALİTY OF TENSE

Öz

There are two ways in which we think about time. We understand time in terms of temporal becoming, or events being past, present, and future and changing their position with respect to those notions, and we understand time in terms of temporal relations, which are unchanging relations of earlier/later than and simultaneous with, between, and among events. McTaggart called the time series that runs from the far past up to the present “now” and then on into the future the “A-series” and the time series that is entirely independent of the present the “B-series”. In this essay I defend the A theory by arguing that it can’t indeed account for certain key features of our experience of time without recourse to tensed properties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• A-B theory time
• temporal becoming
• McTaggart
• Tensed and tenseless time
• Mellor.

Kaynakça

1. Arthur N. Prior, ‘Thank Goodness That’s Over,’ Philosophy, 34, 1959.
2. Augustine, İtiraflar, çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, Kabalcı, İstanbul, 2010.
3. Bertrand Russell, Principles of Mathematics, 2nd edn., New York: W. W.Norton & Co., Inc.,1903.
4. Bertrand Russell, “On the Experience of Time”, Monist, 25, 1915,
5. Brian Greene, Evrenin Dokusu, Tübitak, çev. Murat Alev, Ankara,2010.
6. D. H. Mellor, Real Time II, Routledge, New York, 1998.
7. D.H. Mellor, “Space, Time, and Relativity”, The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy, ed. Frank Jackson, Michael Smith, Oxford Un. Press, Newyork, 2005.
8. J. Ellis, McTaggart, “Unreality of Time”, Mind, New Series, vol.17, no 68, 1908.

9. John Perry, “The Problem of the Essential Indexical” The problem of the essential indexical: and other essays, Oxford University Press, New York, 1993.
10. Michael C. Rea, “Four-Dimensionalism” The Oxford Handbook of Metaphysics, ed. Michael J. Loux and Dean Zimmerman, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005.
11. Michael, Tooley, Time, Tense, Causation, Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.
12. Robin Le Poidevin, “The Past, Present, and Future of the Debate about Tense” Questions of Time and Tense, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998.
13. Thomas M. Crisp, “Presentism”, The Oxford Handbook of Metaphysics, ed. Michael J. Loux and Dean Zimmerman, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005
14. Tim Crane, Katalin Farkas, “Introduction”, Metaphysics: A Guide and Anthology, Oxford University Press, USA, 2004.
15. William Lane Craig, Time and Eternity, Exploring God’s Relationship to Time, Crossway Books, Wheaton, 2001.