SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR YEŞİL BANKACALIK VE TÜRKİYE AÇISINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Son yıllarda çevresel sorunların ve sosyal eşitsizliklerin artması, iklim değişikliği gibi küresel zorlukların fark edilmesi ve finans sektörünün bu sorunlarda önemli bir rol oynadığı yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Küresel boyutta hissedilmeye başlanan bu problemlerin sonucunda yatırımcıların ve tüketicilerin çevresel ve sosyal sorumluluğa daha fazla önem vermesi, şirketlerin ve finans kurumlarının sürdürülebilirlik konusunda daha şeffaf ve hesap verebilir olma ihtiyacı bu yaklaşımın gelişmesini hızlandırmıştır. Bankalar benimsemiş olduğu sürdürülebilir yeşil finans hedefleri doğrultusunda kısa vadeli kar odaklı değil, aynı zamanda uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirlik ve toplumsal fayda odaklı bir finansal yaklaşımı kabul etmektedirler. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir yeşil bankacılık, yeşil bankacılıkta kullanılan krediler ve internet ve mobil bankacılık kullanım oranları incelenmiştir. Mobil kullanım oranlarındaki artış her ne kadar dikkat çekici olsa da sürdürülebilir uygulamaların artması için daha fazla iş birliği, şeffaflık ve uluslararası standartların oluşturulması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Sürdürülebilir Bankacılık
• Yeşil Bankacılık
• Yeşil Kredi.

SUSTAINABLE GREEN BANKING AND AN ASSESSMENT FOR TURKEY

Öz

In recent years, it is undeniable that environmental problems and social inequalities have increased, global challenges such as climate change have been recognised and the financial sector has played an important role in these problems. As a result of these problems that have begun to be felt on a global scale, investors and consumers attach more importance to environmental and social responsibility, and the need for companies and financial institutions to be more transparent and accountable for sustainability has accelerated the development of this approach. In line with the sustainable green finance goals adopted by banks, they accept a financial approach that is not focused on short-term profit, but also on long-term sustainability and social benefit. In this study, sustainable green banking, loans used in green banking and internet and mobile banking usage rates in Turkey are analysed. Although the increase in mobile usage rates is remarkable, more co-operation, transparency and international standards need to be established to increase sustainable practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainability
• Sustainable Banking
• Green Banking
• Green Credit

Kaynakça

1. Acevedo, S. (2023). Best environmentally friendly banks of January 2023. Çev-rim içi: https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/best-environ-mentally-friendly-banks. Erişim Tarihi (29.03.2024).
2. Başarır, Ç., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2023). Sosyal Bilimlerde Yeşil Yaklaşımlar: Dijitalleşme ve Enerji.
3. Bhalla, T. (2023). Green Banking: An Analysis Of The Retail Banking Customer Perceptions, Sachetas An International, Peer Reviewed, Open Access & Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(2), ss. 42-48.
4. Bingül, B.A. ve Türk, A.(2019), Türkiye’de Yeşil Bankacılık, Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi • Cilt: 11 • Sayı: 20 • Ocak 2019, ISSN: 1309-1123, ss. 81-92.
5. BDDK, (2022). Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.bddk.org.tr/KurumHakkinda/EkGetir/5?ekId=134.
6. Bosselmann, K. (2016). The Principle of Sustainability: Transforming Law And Governance. Routledge. 2nd Edition eBook Published. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781315553955. London
7. Bryson, D., Atwal, G., Chaudhuri, A. ve Dave, K. (2016). Antecedents of Intention to Use Green Banking Services in India, Strategic Change, 25(5), ss. 551–567, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2080
8. Bukhari, S. A. A., Hashim, F. ve Amran, A. (2020). Green Banking: A road map for adoption, International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 36(3), ss. 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-11-2019-0177

9. Burhanudin, B., Ronny, R. ve Sihotang, E. T. (2021). Consumer guilt and green banking services, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(1), ss. 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12602
10. Chen, Z., Mirza, N., Huang, L. ve Umar, M. (2022). Green banking—can financial institutions support green recovery? Economic Analysis and Policy, 75, ss. 389–395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.05.017
11. Choudhury, T. T., Saha, P. ve Manager, G. (2013). Influence of Stakeholders in Developing Green Banking Products in Bangladesh, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(7), ss. 67–78.
12. De Silva, P. S. A. (2019). Green banking-The way forward creating sustainable competitive advantage, Association of Professional Bankers Sri Lanka, ss. 259–270.
13. Ellahi, A., Jillani, H. ve Zahid, H. (2021). Customer awareness on Green banking practices, Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment, https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1977576
14. Escarus (2018), Dönüşen Dünyada Fırsatları Yakalamak: Sürdürülebilir Finans Görünümü,Escarus, 2018. İstanbul
15. Frankfurt School-UNEP Centre (2018). Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2018, https://www.fs-unep-centre.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Global_Trends_Report_2018.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2024).
16. Guang-Wen, Z., ve Siddik, A. B. (2022). Do corporate social responsibility practices and green finance dimensions determine environmental performance? An Empirical Study on Bangladeshi Banking Institutions, Front Environmental Science,10, doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.89009614
17. Güler, O. ve Tufan, E.(2015), Yeşil Bankacılık ve Yeşil Krediler: Antalya’daki 4-5 Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinin Bakış Açıları Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 26, Sayı 1, Bahar: 80 - 96, 2015.
18. Harun Ur Rashid, M. ve Uddin, M. M. (2018). Green financing for sustainability: Analysing the trends with challenges and prospects in the context of Bangladesh, International Journal of Green Economics, 12(3–4), ss. 192–208. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGE.2018.097876
19. Hossain, Md. A., Rahman, Md. M., Hossain, Md. S. ve Karim, Md. R. (2020). The effects of green banking practices on financial performance of listed banking companies in Bangladesh, Canadian Journal of Business and Information Studies, 2(6), ss. 120 – 128.
20. Islam, M. S. ve Das, P. C. (2013). Green banking practices in Bangladesh, IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 8(3), ss. 39–44. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-0833944
21. Keskin, M. (2023). Çevre Dostu Yeşil Bankacılık Ürünleri ve Türkiye Uygulamaları. In Finansal Piyasaların Evrimi: Bankacılık, Risk Yönetimi, Piyasa ve Kurumlar (pp. 1-19). Özgür Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
22. Lalon, R. M. (2015). Green banking: Going green, International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(1), ss. 34–42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.15
23. Mir, A. A. ve Bhat, A. A. (2022). Green banking and sustainability–a review, Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 40(3), ss. 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-04-2022-0017
24. Moslener, U. ve Zhuang, M. (2020). Renewable Energy, Climate Change, and Sustainability, Ed: Jörg Böttcher, Green Banking, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, ss. 3-21.
25. Paluszak, G. ve Paluszak, J. W. (2016). The Role of Green Banking in a Sustainable Industrial Network, Safe Bank, 65(4), ss. 75–95.
26. Pek, C. K., Tan, H. B., Kim, R. C. ve Ang, P. M. M. (2019). Industry lessons for green banking in Malaysia, International Journal of Green Economics, 13(3–4), ss. 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGE.2019.104506
27. Pillai R, P. ve Raj D, P. (2019). Perspective and Usage Patterns of Green Banking Services: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Customers from Selected Banks in Kerala, International Journal of Multidisciplinary, 4(2), ss. 285–292.
28. Prasanth, A. P. The Effect Of Green Bankıng Practıces For A Sustaınable Development Of Sbı On Customer Satısfactıon In Kerala-A Structural Equatıon Modelıng Approach.
29. Rahman, H., Rahman, J., Tanchangya, T. ve Esquivias, M. A. (2023). Green banking initiatives and sustainability: A comparative analysis between Bangladesh and India, Research in Globalization, 7, ss. 1-12.
30. Rai, R., Kharel, S., Devkota, N. ve Raj Paudel, U. (2019). Customers Perception on Green Banking Practices: A Desk Review, The Journal of Economic Concerns, 10(1), ss. 82–95, http://necs.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Customers-Perception-on-Green-Banking-Practices-A-Desk-Review-By-Rekha-Rai-Saramsh-Kharel2-Niranjan-Devkota3-and-Udaya-Raj-Paudel4.pdf
31. Sakınç Ö. (2020) Yeşil Bankacılık ve Türkiye Uygulaması, Researchgate, Konferans sunumu
32. Sharma, M., Choubey, A. (2022). Green Banking Initiatives: A Qualitative Study on Indian Banking Sector. Environment, Development and Sustai- nability, 24(1), 293-319.
33. Shaumya, K. ve Arulrajah, A. A. (2016). Measuring Green Banking Practices: Evidence from Sri Lanka, International Conference on Business Management, 13, ss. 999–1023. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2909735
34. Sun, H., Rabbani, M. R., Ahmad, N., Sial, M. S., Cheng, G., Zia-Ud-Fin, M. ve Fu, Q. (2020). CSR, Co-creation and green consumer loyalty: are green banking initiatives important? A moderated mediation approach from an emerging economy, Sustainability, 12(24), doi:10.3390/su12241068812
35. TBB, (2014). Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, Sürdürülebilir Bankacılık ve Bankacılık Uygulamalarında Çevresel ve Sosyal Risklerin Değerlendirilmesi Eğitimi, https://www.tbb-bes.org.tr/tbb/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=1&tabin- dex=0, (28.03.2024).
36. Tran Thi Thanh, T., ve Nguyen Thi Phuong, D. (2017). Factors affecting green banking practices: Exploratory factor analysis on Vietnamese banks, Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 24(02), ss. 04–30. https://doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2017.24.2.05
37. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (TBB) (2014), İnternet ve Mobil Bankacılık İstatistikleri.
38. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (TBB) (2022), https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/banka-bilgileri/banka-ve-sube-sayilari/70. (Erişim tarihi 23.03.2024).
39. Turguttopbaş, N. (2020). Sürdürülebilirlik, Yeşil Finans ve İlk Türk Yeşil Tahvil İhracı. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(22), 267-283.
40. Vijai, C., ve Natarajan, C. (2015). Employees’ Perception towards In-House Green Banking Activities of the Commercial Banks in Cuddalore District, Journal of Exclusive Management Science, Issue(10), 10.
41. Wang, F., Yang, S., Reisner, A. ve Liu, N. (2019). Does Green Credit Policy Work in China? The Correlation between Green Credit and Corporate Environmental Information Disclosure Quality, Sustainability (Switzerland) 11(3), https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030733
42. World Bank, (2022). Unlockıng Green Fınance In Turkey. Turkey Green Growth Analytical and Advisory Program Thematic Paper 1. World Bank Europe And Central Asıa Regıon.
43. Wu, G. L. (2018). Capital Misallocation in China: Financial Frictions or Policy Distortions? Journal of Development Economics, 130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.10.014
44. Zheng, G.W., Siddik, A.B., Masukujjaman, M., Fatema, N. ve Alam, S.S. (2021). Green finance development in Bangladesh: The role of private commercial banks (PCBs), Sustainability, 13, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020795