Spiritual Anti-elitism: Ibn Taymiyya’s Doctrine of Sainthood (Walāya)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 405 - 424, 31.12.2022

Çevirmen: Mohammd Ajmal Hanif

Öz

The article focuses on Ibn Taymiyya’s concept of walāya, the Sufi technical term for sainthood or friendship with God, as exposed in his treatise Al-furqān bayna awliyāʾ al-Raḥmān wa-awliyāʾ al-Shayṭān, ‘The criterion [for distinguishing] between the friends of the All Merciful and the friends of Satan’. A close reading of this text helps us to see that, notwithstanding his criticisms, Ibn Taymiyya did not reject the Sufi tradition wholesale, but tried to bring it within the strict limits of Islamic orthodoxy as he understood it. More specifically, Ibn Taymiyya sought to defend an ideal of walāya within the reach of ordinary Muslims, against what he perceived as the elitism of certain Sufi views of sanctity and the extravagant behavior of marginal holy men. Some of the questions addressed in this work include the major theological issues that Muslim authors had raised with regard to Sufi claims, such as the relationship between prophethood and sainthood, the special qualities of God’s friends, and the evidentiary value of saintly miracles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ibn Taymiyya, Sufism, walāya, al-Hakīm al-Tirmidhī

Manveî Seçkinciliğe Karşı: Ibn Teymiyye’nin Velâyet Doktrini

Öz

Bu makale Ibn Taymiyye’nin, el-Furḳân beyne evliyâʾi’r-Raḥmân ve evliyâʾi’ş-Şeyṭân “Şeytan ve Rahman Evliyâsını Birbirinden ayırma Kriteri” adlı eserinde dile getirildiği gibi, sûfî teknik bir terim olan velâyet hakkındaki görüşü üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu metnin ciddi bir okumadan geçirilmesi, eleştirilerine rağmen Ibn Teymiyye’nin tasavvuf geleneğini toptan reddetmediğini, aksine onu kendi idrakine uygun Islam ortodoksinin katı sınırları içine almaya çalıştığını görmemize yardımcı olmaktadır. Daha açık bir ifade ile Ibn Teymiyye, kutsallığa dair bazı sûfî görüşlerin seçkinciliğine ve kutsal [olarak kabul edilen bir takım] marjinal adamların abartılı davranışlarına karşı, sıradan Müslümanların ulaşabileceği bir velâyet idealini savunmaya çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmada mevzu bahis yapılan sorulardan bazıları, nübüvvet ve velâyet arasındaki ilişki, Allah dostlarına mahsus meziyetler ve velî kerametlerinin delil değeri gibi sûfî iddiaları ile ilgili Müslüman yazarların gündeme getirdikleri başlıca teolojik konuları içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ibn Teymiyye, Tasavvuf, Velâyet, Hakîm et-Tirmizî, Ibn Taymiyya, Sufism, walāya, al-Hakīm al-Tirmidhī

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