6 Şubat 2023 Depremlerini Deneyimleyen Bireylerde Travma Sonrası Stres ve Deprem Stresiyle Başa Çıkma Stratejileri: Malatya Örneği

Öz

Türkiye'de 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde meydana gelen depremler, ülke tarihindeki en yıkıcı felaketlerden biri olarak kaydedilmiştir. Depremler, on bir ilde milyonlarca insanı etkileyerek ciddi maddi ve manevi kayıplara yol açmıştır. Bu süreçte, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) ve başa çıkma stratejileri, depremzedelerin ruh sağlığını anlamada kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda yapılan çalışma, Türkiye'de deprem sonrası hayatta kalan bireylerin TSSB düzeylerini ve kullandıkları başa çıkma stratejilerini çeşitli faktörler açısından incelemektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Malatya'da depremi deneyimleyen 705 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcı grubunun 547’si kadın, 158’ise erkek katılımcılardan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada, Deprem Travma Sonrası Stres Düzeyi Belirleme Ölçeği ve Deprem Stresiyle Başa Çıkma Stratejileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, kadınların (x̄=71,5) erkeklere (x̄=65,2) kıyasla daha yüksek travma sonrası stres yaşadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, maddi kayıplar, gelir durumu ve yaş gibi faktörlerin travma düzeylerini anlamlı şekilde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların (x̄=16,2) erkeklere (x̄=14,6) kıyasla dini başa çıkma yöntemlerini daha fazla kullanma eğiliminde olduğu görülmektedir. Başa çıkma stratejileri yaş, meslek, gelir, medeni durum ve maddi kayıp yaşamaya göre farklılık göstermektedir. Cinsiyet ve sosyoekonomik durum da dâhil olmak üzere bireysel özelliklerin travma ve başa çıkma stratejilerini etkilediği görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak depremin olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak ve uygun psikososyal desteğin sağlanması için demografik farklılıkların dikkate alınmasının hayati önem taşıdığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deprem
• Travma Sonrası Stres
• Başa Çıkma Stratejileri
• Malatya

Post-Traumatic Stress and Coping Strategies for Earthquake-Related Stress Among Individuals Affected by the February 6, 2023 Earthquakes: The Case of Malatya

Öz

The earthquakes that struck Türkiye on February 6, 2023, are recorded as among the most devastating disasters in the country’s history. These earthquakes affected millions of people across eleven provinces, causing severe material and emotional losses. In this context, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and coping strategies play a critical role in understanding the mental health of earthquake survivors. This study examines the levels of PTSD and the coping strategies employed by survivors of the earthquakes in Türkiye, considering various factors. The study sample comprises 705 participants who experienced the earthquake in Malatya, including 547 women and 158 men. The Earthquake Post-Traumatic Stress Level Assessment Scale and the Earthquake Stress Coping Strategies Scale were used to collect data. The findings indicate that women (x̄ = 71.5) experienced higher levels of post-traumatic stress than men (x̄ = 65.2). Additionally, factors such as material losses, income levels, and age significantly influenced trauma levels. Women (x̄ = 16.2) were also found to use religious coping strategies more frequently than men (x̄ = 14.6). Coping strategies varied by age, occupation, income, marital status, and experiences of material loss. Individual characteristics, including gender and socioeconomic status, were observed to influence both trauma levels and coping strategies. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the critical importance of considering demographic differences to mitigate the adverse effects of earthquakes and to ensure the provision of appropriate psychosocial support.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Earthquake
• Post-Traumatic Stress
• Coping Strategies
• Malatya

Kaynakça

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