Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısının Deprem Korkusuna Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 36 Sayı: Kadın Araştırmaları, 119 - 132, 26.01.2026

Samet Dinçer

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1719552

Öz

Depremler meydana geldiği coğrafyada fiziksel ve ekonomik kayıpların yanı sıra sosyal açıdan de etkilenen toplum üzerinde derin etkiler bırakırlar. Bu etkilerin şekillenmesinde toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin etkisi dışlanamaz bir güce sahiptir. Bu araştırmanın amacı toplumsal cinsiyet algısının bireylerin deprem korkusu üzerindeki etkisini nicel yöntemlerle incelemektir. Türkiye genelinden 18 yaş üstü 560 bireyin katılımıyla yürütülen araştırma, kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı desen kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde “Deprem Korkusu Ölçeği” ve “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların çoğunluğunu kadınlar oluşturmuş ve katılımcıların önemli bir kısmı daha önce deprem deneyimi yaşamıştır. Analizler, toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ile deprem korkusu arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Buna göre, bireylerin toplumsal cinsiyet algısı olumlu yönde arttıkça deprem korkusu düzeyinde azalma gözlemlenmektedir. Bulgular, cinsiyete dayalı sosyo-kültürel rollerin afetlere karşı verilen duygusal tepkiler üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Kadınların toplumsal roller gereği daha savunmasız konumda olması, deprem korkusunun daha yoğun hissedilmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, afet psikolojisinde toplumsal cinsiyet temelli yaklaşımların önemine dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deprem Korkusu , Toplumsal Cinsiyet , Afet Yönetimi

Determining the Effect of Gender Perception on Earthquake Fear

Öz

Earthquakes leave deep impacts on the affected society in addition to physical and economic losses in the geography where they occur. The effect of gender roles has an undeniable power in shaping these effects. The aim of research is to examine the effect of gender perception on individuals' fear of earthquakes using quantitative methods. The research, which was conducted with the participation of 560 individuals over the age of 18 from all over Türkiye, was conducted using a cross-sectional and descriptive design. The "Earthquake Fear Scale" and "Gender Perception Scale" were used in the data collection process. The majority of the participants were women and a significant portion of the participants had previously experienced an earthquake. The analyses revealed a significant and negative relationship between gender perception and fear of earthquakes. Accordingly, as individuals' gender perception increases positively, a decrease in the level of fear of earthquakes is observed. The findings show that gender-based socio-cultural roles have an effect on emotional reactions to disasters. Women are in a more vulnerable position due to their social roles may cause the fear of earthquakes to be felt more intensely. This study draws attention to the importance of gender-based approaches in disaster psychology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fear of Earthquake , Gender , Disaster Management

Kaynakça

• Afet ve Acil Durum Başkanlığı, AFAD (2023). Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritası. https://www.afad.gov.tr/turkiye-deprem-tehlike-haritasi adresinden erişildi. 15/10/2025
• Aguinis, H., Gottfredson, R. K., ve Joo, H. (2013). Best-Practice Recommendations for Defining, Identifying, and Handling Outliers. 16(2), 270-301. doi:10.1177/1094428112470848
• Altınova, H. H., ve Duyan, V. (2013). Toplumsal cinsiyet algisi ölçeğinin geçerlik güvenirlik çalişmasi. 24(2), 9-22. Bradshaw, S. (2013). Gender, Development and Disasters: Edward Elgar Publishing. 110-256
• Bzovsky, S., Phillips, M. R., Guymer, R. H., Wykoff, C. C., Thabane, L., Bhandari, M., Wong, T. Y. (2022). The clinician’s guide to interpreting a regression analysis. Eye, 36(9), 1715-1717. doi:10.1038/s41433-022-01949-z
• Carter, M. J. (2014). Gender Socialization and Identity Theory. 3(2), 242-263.
• Cvetković, V. M., Öcal, A., ve Ivanov, A. (2019). Young adults’ fear of disasters: A case study of residents from Turkey, Serbia and Macedonia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 35, 101095. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101095
• Çitak, Ş., ve Dadandı, İ. (2024). The effect of earthquake exposure on PTSD symptoms is mediated by intrusive rumination and moderated by gender: a cross-sectional study on the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake survivors. BMC Public Health, 24(1). doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19736-8
• Domingues, A. (2024). Governing Bodies Through Water: Turning Boys Into Men and Reducing Bodies to Biology. 27(1), 81-99. doi:10.1177/1097184x231226219
• Ebru, ve Paksoy Erbaydar, İ. (2016). 2012-2023 Ulusal Deprem Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı’nın toplumsal cinsiyet bakış açısı ile incelenmesi. fe dergi feminist ele, 8(1), 34-49. doi:10.1501/fe0001_0000000150
• Eccles, J. S. (1987). Gender Roles And Women's Achievement-Related Decisions. 11(2), 135-172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00781.x
• Enarson, E., ve Chakrabarti, P. G. (2009). Women, Gender and Disaster: Global Issues and Initiatives. In. Retrieved from https://sk.sagepub.com/book/edvol/women-gender-and-disaster/toc doi:10.4135/9788132108078
• Enarson, E., ve Morrow, B. H. J. W., CT. (1998). The gendered terrain of disaster.
• Fordham, M. H. (1998). Making women visible in disasters: problematising the private domain. Disasters, 22(2), 126-143. doi:10.1111/1467-7717.00081
• Friedman, A. (2011). Toward a Sociology of Perception: Sight, Sex, and Gender. 5(2), 187-206. doi:10.1177/1749975511400696
• Gaillard, J. C., Andrew, G.-M., ve and Fordham, M. (2017). Sexual and gender minorities in disaster. Gender, Place ve Culture, 24(1), 18-26. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2016.1263438
• Gaillard, J. C., Sanz, K., Balgos, B. C., Dalisay, S. N. M., Gorman-Murray, A., Smith, F., ve Toelupe, V. (2017). Beyond men and women: a critical perspective on gender and disaster. Disasters, 41(3), 429-447. doi:10.1111/disa.12209
• Gökkaya, E., Çelebi, I., Çopur, A., ve Balci, E. (2023). The effect of fear for earthquakes and disaster awareness levels of public administrators on disaster preparedness. 18(4), 402-415. doi:10.1504/ijem.2023.141428
• Greenfield, P. M. (2009). Linking social change and developmental change: Shifting pathways of human development. Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 401-418. doi:10.1037/a0014726
• Gündüz, F. (2024). A phenomenological study on women's disaster experience in Türkiye. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100, 104196. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104196
• Joanes, D. N., ve Gill, C. A. (1998). Comparing measures of sample skewness and kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 47(1), 183-189. doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00122
• Kamaledini, M., ve Azkia, M. (2021). The Psychosocial Consequences of Natural Disasters: A Case Study. Health in Emergencies veamp; Disasters Quarterly, 6(3), 179-190. doi:10.32598/hdq.6.3.323.1
• Kung, Y. W., ve Chen, S. H. (2012). Perception of Earthquake Risk in Taiwan: Effects of Gender and Past Earthquake Experience. Risk Analysis, 32(9), 1535-1546. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01760.x
• Lam, M. (2004). The Perception of Inequalities:A Gender Case Study. 38(1), 5-23. doi:10.1177/0038038504039355 Marañón, P. P., Garcia, M. I. B., ve Costas, C. S. L. (1997). Identification of Nonuniform Differential Item Functioning: A Comparison of Mantel-Haenszel and Item Response Theory Analysis Procedures. 57(4), 559-568. doi:10.1177/0013164497057004002
• Mavrouli, M., Mavroulis, S., Lekkas, E., ve Tsakris, A. (2023). The Impact of Earthquakes on Public Health: A Narrative Review of Infectious Diseases in the Post-Disaster Period Aiming to Disaster Risk Reduction. 11(2), 419.
• Mızrak, S., Özdemir, A., ve Aslan, R. (2021). Adaptation of hurricane risk perception scale to earthquake risk perception and determining the factors affecting women's earthquake risk perception. Natural Hazards, 109(3), 2241-2259. doi:10.1007/s11069-021-04918-z
• Oyserman, D. (2011). Culture as situated cognition: Cultural mindsets, cultural fluency, and meaning making. European Review of Social Psychology, 22(1), 164-214. doi:10.1080/10463283.2011.627187
• Pless, N., ve Maak, T. (2004). Building an Inclusive Diversity Culture: Principles, Processes and Practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 54(2), 129-147. doi:10.1007/s10551-004-9465-8
• Potter, S. H., Becker, J. S., Johnston, D. M., ve Rossiter, K. P. (2015). An overview of the impacts of the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 6-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.01.014
• Power, K. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), 67-73. doi:10.1080/15487733.2020.1776561
• Prizmić-Larsen, Z., Vujčić, M. T., ve Lipovčan, L. K. (2025). Fear of COVID-19 and Fear of Earthquake: Multiple Distressing Events and Well-Being in Croatia. Psychol Rep, 128(2), 435-456. doi:10.1177/00332941231156813
• Roustaei, N. (2024). Application and interpretation of linear-regression analysis. Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology, 13(3), 151-159. doi:10.51329/mehdiophthal1506
• Rushton, A., Phibbs, S., Kenney, C., ve Anderson, C. (2024). The Interplay of Climate and Disaster in Men's Stories of the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake in Aotearoa New Zealand¹. Sociological Inquiry. doi:10.1111/soin.12605
• Rushton, A., Phibbs, S., Kenney, C., ve Anderson, C. (2025). The Interplay of Climate and Disaster in Men's Stories of the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake in Aotearoa New Zealand. 95(1), 5-22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12605
• Santos-Reyes, J. (2020). Multi-hazard Awareness, Risk Perception and Fear to Earthquakes: The Case of High-school Students in Mexico City. Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, 10(3), 91. doi:10.2991/jracr.k.200923.001
• Shanahan, M. J. (2000). Pathways to Adulthood in Changing Societies: Variability and Mechanisms in Life Course Perspective. 26(Volume 26, 2000), 667-692. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.667
• Sohrabizadeh, S., Tourani, P. S., ve Khankeh, H. R. (2016). Women and health consequences of natural disasters: Challenge or opportunity? Women veamp; Health, 56(8), 977-993. doi:10.1080/03630242.2016.1176101
• Tillman, J. A. (1975). The Power of the Durbin-Watson Test. Econometrica, 43(5/6), 959-974. doi:10.2307/1911337
• Turner, P. (2020). Critical values for the Durbin-Watson test in large samples. Applied Economics Letters, 27(18), 1495-1499. doi:10.1080/13504851.2019.1691711
• Usta, G., Gunduz, F., ve Atalay, E. (2024). Disaster and gender: men’s experiences during and after the earthquake. Natural Hazards, 120(11), 9917-9933. doi:10.1007/s11069-024-06591-4
• Usta, G., Topruş, K., Kanbay, Y., ve Çinar Özbay, S. (2024). Examination of Factors Associated With Earthquake Fear And Coping Strategies Used. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 15(1 -Deprem Özel S), 746-763. doi:10.54688/ayd.1387250
• Usta, G., Torpuş, K., Kanbay, Y., ve Çınar Özbay, S. (2024). The Turkish adaptation of the fear of earthquake scale. Natural Hazards, 120(1), 463-476. doi:10.1007/s11069-023-06228-y
• Van Der Voort, N., ve Vanclay, F. (2015). Social impacts of earthquakes caused by gas extraction in the Province of Groningen, The Netherlands. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 50, 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2014.08.008
• West, S. G., Finch, J. F., ve Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. (pp. 56-75). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Wood, W., ve Eagly, A. H. J. P. b. (2002). A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: implications for the origins of sex differences. 128(5), 699.
• Yastıbaş-Kaçar, C., Çıvgın, U., ve Yorulmaz, E. (2023). Investigation of Predictors of the Fear of Earthquake Paper presented at the International Congrees of Health Sciences, Izmir.
• Ye, T., Keele, L., Hasegawa, R., ve Small, D. S. (2024). A Negative Correlation Strategy for Bracketing in Difference-in-Differences. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 119(547), 2256-2268. doi:10.1080/01621459.2023.2252576
• Yüksek, E., Yener, R., ve Sarı Çalışkan, A. (2024). Depremi Deneyimleme Türüne Bağlı Olarak Kişilerdeki Kaygı ve Semptom Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Psikolojik Araştırma Perspektifleri Dergisi, 1(2), 158-153. doi:10.5281/zenodo.14512615