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SANATTA PROPAGANDA; POSTERDE BİR METAFOR OLARAK EV

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 753 - 762, 29.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1462855

Öz

İnsanoğlunun sosyolojik, ekonomik, ideolojik, fizyolojik ve estetik barınma ihtiyaçlarının karşılandığı uzamlar olan ev aynı zamanda aile, yuva ve sığınak gibi dinamik anlamlar atfeden bir metafordur. Bu anlamlarıyla ev, savunulması gereken bir yerdir. I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında evin savunulması gereken bir yer olduğunun bilinciyle propagandacılar evi ülkenin metaforu olarak posterlerde sıklıkla kullanmışlardır. Zorunlu askerlik politikasının olmadığı dönemde orduya katılımı teşvik etmek için tasarlanan propaganda posterlerindeki ev metaforları hem temel insani duygularını tetiklemiş hem de postere bakan özne ahlaki bir seçim yapmaya yöneltilmiştir. Bu seçim, evini düşmanlardan korumak ile korumamak arasında dolayısıyla da ülkesini korumak ile korumamak arasında manipülatif rol oynamaktadır. Böylece kolektif anlamlara sahip olan ev metaforu aracılığıyla toplumda vatanseverlik duyguları örülmüştür. Çalışmanın amacı I. Dünya savaşında ev metaforu olan posterlerin hangi amaç doğrultusunda, hangi anlamlarda kullanıldığının betimsel analizini yapmaktır. Çalışma sonucunda evin, asker toplama ve tahvil satın alınması için propaganda aracı olarak sanatta siyasi bir metafora dönüştüğü görülmüştür. Makale hem I. Dünya Savaşı’ında kullanılan propaganda posterlerine hem de sanatta ev metaforuna yönelik yeni bir bakış açısı önermesi açısından literature katkı sağlayacağı ümit edilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Agefotostock, (t.y.). The hun and the home. Erişim adresi https://www.agefotostock.com/age/en/details-photo/the-hun-and-the-home-a-bit-of-england-a-bit-of-belgium-back-up-the-men-who-have-saved-you-1914-c-chromolithograph-recruitment-poster-1914/MEV-10795380
  • Athenaeum B. (t.y.). Is your home worth fighting for? It will be too late to fight when the enemy Is at your door. So join to-day. Erişim adresi https://cdm.bostonathenaeum.org/digital/collection/p16057coll34/id/50/
  • Bischof, L. (t.y.) Howard Solomon World War I Posters. Erişim adresi https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/wwi_posters/2/
  • Bownes, D. ve Fleming, R. (2014). Posters of the first world war. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN: 978-0-7478-1538-9.
  • Clark, T. (2023) Sanat ve propaganda. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Demir, R. ve Gür, N. (2023). Edward Hopper’ın kaçış manevraları: pencereler. İnsanat Sanat Tasarım ve Mimarlık Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 61-81.
  • Douglas, R. (1970). Voluntary enlistment in the first world war and the work of the parliamentary recruiting committee. The Journal of Modern History, 42(4), 564–585.
  • Dovey, K. (1985). Home and homelessness. Home environments human behavior and environment: Advances in theory and research. Altman, I., Carol M. W. (Ed.), Vol 8. New York: Plenum Press, (pp. 33-64).
  • Fellows, E. W. (1959). Propaganda: history of a word. American Speech, 34 (3), 182–189.
  • Fischer, N. (2016). The committee on public ınformation and the birth of US state propaganda. Australasian Journal of American Studies, 35(1), 51–78.
  • Haven, S. R. (1912). Flag day; its history. New York: Moffat, Yard and Co.
  • History.army, (t.y.). World War I era poster. Erişim adresi https://history.army.mil/art/posters/wwi/wwi.htm
  • Horvath, B. (2011). Learning to hate the hun [Review of for home and country: World war ı propaganda on the home front, by C. M. Kingsbury]. Twentieth Century Literature, 57(2), 264–271.
  • Iwm, (t.y.). Women of britain say ‘go!’ Erişim adresi https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/14592
  • Jowett, G. ve O’Donnell, V. (1999). Propaganda and persuasion. Thousand oaks, calif: Sage Publications.
  • Kingsbury, C. M. (2010). For home and country. University of nebraska press, sample books and chapters. 91.
  • Marquis, A. G. (1978). Words as weapons: Propaganda in britain and germany during the first world war. Journal of Contemporary History, 13(3), 467–498.
  • Monger, D. (2016). Propaganda at home (Great Britain and Ireland) in: 1914-1918-online. International encyclopedia of the first world war, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2016-04-01. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.10880.
  • Nam.ac. (t.y.) How to sell a war: women of britain say, go! Erişim adresi https://ww1.nam.ac.uk/videos/sell-war-women-britain-say-go/
  • Ohiomemory, (t.y.). 'Keep the hun out!' poster. Erişim adresi https://ohiomemory.org/digital/collection/p16007coll51/id/641/ O’toole, P. (2023, Mart 28). How the US government used propaganda to sell Americans on World War I. Erişim adresi https://www.history.com/news/world-war-1-propaganda-woodrow-wilson-fake-news
  • Oregon, (t.y.). Better buy your war bonds. Erişim adresi https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/ww2/Pages/services-bonds.aspx
  • RodRíguez, N. (2019). Political scientist and analyst, The war for the public mind propaganda, Air and Space Power Journal. July.120-132. Ross, S. T. (2002). Understanding propaganda: The epistemic merit model and ıts application to art. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 36(1), 16–30.
  • Shore, R. (2012). 10 Advertising Principles. London: Vivays. ISBN: 978-1-908126-30-6.
  • Smithsonian, (t.y.). Daddy, what did you do in the great war? Erişim adresi https://www.si.edu/object/archives/components/sova-nmah-ac-0433-ref6260
  • Snl.no. (t.y.). Uncle Sam. Erişim adresi https://snl.no/Uncle_Sam
  • Taylor, P. M. (2003). Introduction: Looking through a glass onion: Propaganda, Psychological warfare and persuasion. Munitions Of The Mind: A History Of Propaganda, Manchester University Press, 1–16.
  • Todd, L., M. (2014). Chapter 6: The hun and the home gender, Sexuality and propaganda in first world war europe, World war ı and propaganda, 137–154.
  • Tsara, O. (2016, Eylül) World War I posters from the state library victoria collection. Erişim adresi https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/La-Trobe-Journal-98-Olga-Tsara.pdf
  • Thevintageposter, (t.y.). Henry Patrick Raleigh (1880-?). Erişim adresi https://www.thevintageposter.com/poster-detail/?inv=14690
  • Wikipedia, (t.y.). Irish WWI poster, Is your home worth fighting for? Erişim adresi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Irish_WWI_poster_-_Is_Your_Home_Worth_Fighting_For%3F_-_Hely%27s_Limited,_Litho,_Dublin.jpg
  • Yılmaz, A. (2016). Attila’nın siyasi hayatı, şahsiyeti ve karakteri. Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(1), 141-164.

Propaganda in Art; Home as a Metaphor

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 753 - 762, 29.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1462855

Öz

House, which is the space where the sociological, economic, ideological, physiological and aesthetic shelter needs of human beings are met, is also a metaphor that attributes dynamic meanings such as family, home and shelter. In this sense, home is a place that needs to be defended. During World War I, aware that the house was a place that needed to be defended, propagandists often used the house as a metaphor for the country in posters. Home metaphors in propaganda posters designed to encourage participation in the army in the period when there was no compulsory military service policy triggered both basic human emotions and the subject looking at the poster was directed to make a moral choice. This choice plays a manipulative role between protecting your home from enemies or not, and therefore between protecting your country and not protecting it. Thus, feelings of patriotism were created in society through the metaphor of home, which has collective meanings. The aim of the study is to make a descriptive analysis of the purpose and meaning of the posters, which were home metaphors, during World War I. As a result of the study, it was seen that the house turned into a political metaphor in art as a propaganda tool for recruiting soldiers and purchasing bonds. It is hoped that the article will contribute to the literature in terms of proposing a new perspective on both the propaganda posters used in World War I and the home metaphor in art.

Kaynakça

  • Agefotostock, (t.y.). The hun and the home. Erişim adresi https://www.agefotostock.com/age/en/details-photo/the-hun-and-the-home-a-bit-of-england-a-bit-of-belgium-back-up-the-men-who-have-saved-you-1914-c-chromolithograph-recruitment-poster-1914/MEV-10795380
  • Athenaeum B. (t.y.). Is your home worth fighting for? It will be too late to fight when the enemy Is at your door. So join to-day. Erişim adresi https://cdm.bostonathenaeum.org/digital/collection/p16057coll34/id/50/
  • Bischof, L. (t.y.) Howard Solomon World War I Posters. Erişim adresi https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/wwi_posters/2/
  • Bownes, D. ve Fleming, R. (2014). Posters of the first world war. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN: 978-0-7478-1538-9.
  • Clark, T. (2023) Sanat ve propaganda. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Demir, R. ve Gür, N. (2023). Edward Hopper’ın kaçış manevraları: pencereler. İnsanat Sanat Tasarım ve Mimarlık Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 61-81.
  • Douglas, R. (1970). Voluntary enlistment in the first world war and the work of the parliamentary recruiting committee. The Journal of Modern History, 42(4), 564–585.
  • Dovey, K. (1985). Home and homelessness. Home environments human behavior and environment: Advances in theory and research. Altman, I., Carol M. W. (Ed.), Vol 8. New York: Plenum Press, (pp. 33-64).
  • Fellows, E. W. (1959). Propaganda: history of a word. American Speech, 34 (3), 182–189.
  • Fischer, N. (2016). The committee on public ınformation and the birth of US state propaganda. Australasian Journal of American Studies, 35(1), 51–78.
  • Haven, S. R. (1912). Flag day; its history. New York: Moffat, Yard and Co.
  • History.army, (t.y.). World War I era poster. Erişim adresi https://history.army.mil/art/posters/wwi/wwi.htm
  • Horvath, B. (2011). Learning to hate the hun [Review of for home and country: World war ı propaganda on the home front, by C. M. Kingsbury]. Twentieth Century Literature, 57(2), 264–271.
  • Iwm, (t.y.). Women of britain say ‘go!’ Erişim adresi https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/14592
  • Jowett, G. ve O’Donnell, V. (1999). Propaganda and persuasion. Thousand oaks, calif: Sage Publications.
  • Kingsbury, C. M. (2010). For home and country. University of nebraska press, sample books and chapters. 91.
  • Marquis, A. G. (1978). Words as weapons: Propaganda in britain and germany during the first world war. Journal of Contemporary History, 13(3), 467–498.
  • Monger, D. (2016). Propaganda at home (Great Britain and Ireland) in: 1914-1918-online. International encyclopedia of the first world war, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2016-04-01. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.10880.
  • Nam.ac. (t.y.) How to sell a war: women of britain say, go! Erişim adresi https://ww1.nam.ac.uk/videos/sell-war-women-britain-say-go/
  • Ohiomemory, (t.y.). 'Keep the hun out!' poster. Erişim adresi https://ohiomemory.org/digital/collection/p16007coll51/id/641/ O’toole, P. (2023, Mart 28). How the US government used propaganda to sell Americans on World War I. Erişim adresi https://www.history.com/news/world-war-1-propaganda-woodrow-wilson-fake-news
  • Oregon, (t.y.). Better buy your war bonds. Erişim adresi https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/ww2/Pages/services-bonds.aspx
  • RodRíguez, N. (2019). Political scientist and analyst, The war for the public mind propaganda, Air and Space Power Journal. July.120-132. Ross, S. T. (2002). Understanding propaganda: The epistemic merit model and ıts application to art. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 36(1), 16–30.
  • Shore, R. (2012). 10 Advertising Principles. London: Vivays. ISBN: 978-1-908126-30-6.
  • Smithsonian, (t.y.). Daddy, what did you do in the great war? Erişim adresi https://www.si.edu/object/archives/components/sova-nmah-ac-0433-ref6260
  • Snl.no. (t.y.). Uncle Sam. Erişim adresi https://snl.no/Uncle_Sam
  • Taylor, P. M. (2003). Introduction: Looking through a glass onion: Propaganda, Psychological warfare and persuasion. Munitions Of The Mind: A History Of Propaganda, Manchester University Press, 1–16.
  • Todd, L., M. (2014). Chapter 6: The hun and the home gender, Sexuality and propaganda in first world war europe, World war ı and propaganda, 137–154.
  • Tsara, O. (2016, Eylül) World War I posters from the state library victoria collection. Erişim adresi https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/La-Trobe-Journal-98-Olga-Tsara.pdf
  • Thevintageposter, (t.y.). Henry Patrick Raleigh (1880-?). Erişim adresi https://www.thevintageposter.com/poster-detail/?inv=14690
  • Wikipedia, (t.y.). Irish WWI poster, Is your home worth fighting for? Erişim adresi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Irish_WWI_poster_-_Is_Your_Home_Worth_Fighting_For%3F_-_Hely%27s_Limited,_Litho,_Dublin.jpg
  • Yılmaz, A. (2016). Attila’nın siyasi hayatı, şahsiyeti ve karakteri. Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(1), 141-164.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sanat ve Beşeri Bilimlerde Bilgi İşleme
Bölüm Güzel Sanatlar
Yazarlar

Nazif Gür 0000-0002-4105-7586

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gür, N. (2024). SANATTA PROPAGANDA; POSTERDE BİR METAFOR OLARAK EV. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 34(2), 753-762. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1462855