Determination of Fungal Pathogens Causing Root-Rot on Bean Plants in Bean Production Areas of Nevşehir Province, Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 1, 9 - 16, 29.04.2021

Abdullahi Isaq Omar Ali Erkılıç Mohammed A. Mohammed

Öz

The current study was conducted with the aim of determining fungal pathogens that cause root-rot disease on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Yazıhüyük and Suvermez districts, Nevşehir province, Turkey. Field surveys, molecular characterizations, and pathogenicity tests were carried out during the growing season of 2018. The most prevalent isolates obtained from the bean cultivation areas were Fusarium (62.5%) followed by Rhizoctonia (27.5%) and Rhizopus (4.8%). The lowest mean frequency rates were found for Epicoccum (0.7%), Penicillium (2.1%), and Alternaria (2.4%). Fusarium oxysporum (Y1A) had the highest virulence followed by Fusarium solani (Y1B) and Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 (Y8). The pathogenicity test on all bean varieties revealed that the disease severity rates of F. oxysporum, F. solani and R. solani AG-4 were ranging from 48.3%–91.7%, 33.3%–95.0%, and 26.7%–50%, respectively. Overall, the Adzuki bean cultivar was the most susceptible to the three pathogens followed by İspir, Gezin/Elazığ-1 and Kidney Bean cultivars.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fungus, Fusarium spp., Pathogenicity, Phaseolus vulgaris, root-rot, Turkey

Destekleyen Kurum

Cukurova University

Proje Numarası

FYL-2019-11541

Nevşehir İli Fasulye Alanlarında Kök Çürüklüğüne Neden Olan Patojenlerin Saptanması

Öz

Nevşehir ilinindeki (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Yazıhüyük ve Suvermez köylerinde fasulye bitkisinde kök çürüklüğüne neden olan fungal patojenlerin saptanması amacıyla 2018 yılında survey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fasulye yetiştirme alanlarından elde edilen en yüksek izolatlar Fusarium’dur (%62.5). Bunu takiben Rhizoctonia (%27.5), Rhizopus (%4.8), Alternaria (%2.4), Penicillium (%2.1) ve Epicoccum (%0.7) elde edilmiştir. En yüksek virülensliğe sahip izolatların (Y1A, Y1B ve Y8) patojenite testinde kullanılan F. oxysporum, F. solani ve R. solani izolatlarına sırasıyla ait olduğu bulunmuştur. Patojenite testlerinin sonuçları olarak, tüm fasulye çeşitlerinde, F. oxysporum’un hastalık şiddeti oranı %48.3 ile %91.7 arasında değişen olarak belirlenmiştir. F. oxysporum izolatının tüm fasulye çeşitlerinde ortalama hastalık şiddeti oranı %72.8 olarak hesaplanmıştır. F. solani izolatı, hastalık şiddeti oranları %33.3 ile %95.0 arasında değişen olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm fasulye çeşitlerinde F. solani izolatının ortalama hastalık şiddeti oranı %70.6 olarak hesaplanmıştır. R. solani AG-4 izolatı, test edilen tüm fasulye çeşitlerinde ortalama %49.4 hastalık şiddeti oranı ile en düşük olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fungus, Fusarium spp., Fasulye, kök çürüklüğü, patojenite, Türkiye

Proje Numarası

FYL-2019-11541

Kaynakça

• Allen, D.J., Buruchara, R.A. and Smithson, J.B. 1998. Pages 179–265 Diseases of common bean. in: The pathology of food and pasture legumes. D.J. Allen and J.M. Lenné, eds. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
• Barnett, H.L., Hunter, B.B. 1987. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi (3rd Edition). APS Press, Minnesota.
• Cichy, K.A., Snapp, S.S. and Kirk, W.W. 2007. Fusarium root rot incidence and root system architecture in grafted common bean lines. Plant Soil, 300:233–244.
• Domsch, K.H., Gams, W. and Anderson, T.H. 1980. Compendium of Soil Fungi. Volume 1, Academic Press, London.
• Dursun, A., Haliloglu, K. and Ekinci, M. 2010. Characterization of breeding lines of common bean as revealed by RAPD and relationship with morphological traits. Pak. J. Bot. 42:3839–3845.
• Eken, C. and Demirci, E. 2004. Anastomosis groups and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates from bean in Erzurum, Turkey. J. Plant Pathol. 86:49–52.
• Erper I, Karaca G. and Ozkoc I. 2011. Identification and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia species isolated from bean and soybean plants in Samsun, Turkey. Arch Phytopathol Plant Protec. 2011: 44:78–84.
• Graham, P.H. and Vance, C.P. 2003. Legumes: Importance and constraints to greater use. Plant Physiolog. 131:872–877.
• Hall, R., Schwartz, H.F., Steadman, J.R. and Forster, R.L. 2005. Compendium of bean diseases (2nd Edition). APS Press, Minnesota.
• Hatat, G. and Özkoç, İ. 1997. Bean root-rot disease incidence and severity in Samsun and fungi associated with bean roots and soils. J. Agr. Forest. 21:593–597.
• Jensen, E.C., Percich, J.A. and Graham, P.H. 2002. Integrated management strategies of bean root rot with Bacillus subtilis and Rhizobium in Minnesota. Field Crop Res. 74:107–115.
• Killebrew, J.F., Roy, K.W., Lawrence, G.W., McLean, K.S. and Hodges, H.H. 1988. Greenhouse and field evaluation of Fusarium solani pathogenicity to soybean seedlings. Plant Dis. 72:1067–1070.
• Kırbağ, S. and Turan, N. 2006. Fungal agents that cause root-rot in some vegetables grown in Malatya. Fırat U. J. Eng. Sci. 18:159–164.
• Naseri, B. 2008. Root rot of common bean in Zanjan, Iran: major pathogens and yield loss estimates. Australas. Plant Pathol. 37:546–551.
• Ntatsi, G., Gutiérrez-Cortines, M., Karapanos, I., Barros, A., Weiss, J., Balliu, A., et al. 2018. The quality of leguminous vegetables as influenced by preharvest factors. Sci. Hortic. 232:191–205.
• Nzungize, J.R., Lyumugabe, F., Busogoro, J.P. and Baudoin, J.P. 2012. Pythium root rot of common bean: biology and control methods. Biotech Agron. Soc. Environ. 16:405–413.
• Pieczarka, D.J. and Abawi, G.S. 1978. Effect of interaction between Fusarium, Pythium and Rhizoctonia on severity of bean root rot. Phytopathol. 68:403–408.
• Porch, T.G., Valentin, S., Jensen, E.C. and Beave, J.S. 2014. Identification of soil borne pathogens in a common bean root rot nursery in Isabela. Puerto Rico J. Agric. U. P. R. 98:1–14.
• Román-Avilés, B. and Kelly, J.D. 2005. Identification of quantitative trait loci conditioning resistance to Fusarium root rot in common bean. Crop Sci. 45:1881–1890.
• Rusuku, G., Buruchara, R.A. and Gatabazi, M., 1997. Pastor-Corrales MA. Occurrence and distribution of soil borne fungi pathogenic to the common bean. Plant Dis. 81:445–449.
• Schoonhoven, A. and Voysest, O. 1991. Common beans: Research for crop improvement. CAB International, Cali, CIAT, Oxon.
• Singh, S.P. and Schwartz, H.F. 2010. Breeding common bean for resistance to diseases: A review. Crop Sci. 50:199–223.
• Suárez-Martínez, S.E., Ferriz-Martínez, R.A., Campos-Vega R., Elton-Puente J.E., Carbot K.T. and García-Gasca, T. 2016. Bean seeds: leading nutraceutical source for human health. CyTA – J. Food. 14:131–137.
• Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). 2019. Crop production statistics. (http://www.turkstat.gov.tr.) (Date Accessed: November 2020).
• Xu, J.R. and Leslie, J.F. 1996. A genetic map of Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (Fusarium moniliforme). Genetics, 143:175–189.